几种植物生长调节剂对苎麻产量和品质的影响

用GA(20ppm)、BR(10~(-1)ppm)、802(4500倍液)、GA BR(20ppm 10~(-1)ppm)及 GA 802(20ppm 4500倍液)处理苎麻,结果表明:所用生长调节剂均能促进苎麻茎的伸长生长,提高苎麻单蔸有效分蘖率,降低无效分蘖及死蘖率;抑制苎麻的生殖生长,提高苎麻有效株数、茎高、茎粗、皮厚、鲜皮出麻率及纤维产量;802降低了纤维细胞厚度及细胞大小,纤维支数显著提高。BR、GA BR 及 GA 802能显著地提高纤维产量,对纤维支数无大影响;GA 与 BR、802配合使用对苎麻产量有一定的加成效应。因此,正确使用生长调节剂有利于苎麻优质高产。     

3种植物生长调节剂对马铃薯产量及品质的影响

以当地主栽马铃薯品种比利时212为试验材料,通过大田试验,探讨了叶面喷施植物生长调节剂DTA-6、烯效唑和SODM对马铃薯产量和品质的影响。结果表明,DTA-6(100mg·kg-1)和烯效唑(50mg·kg-1)处理显著提高了产量,改善了经济性状;烯效唑(50mg·kg-1)和SODM(100mg·kg-1)处理显著提高了淀粉含量和维生素C含量,显著降低了还原糖含量;DTA-6(100mg·kg-1)和SODM(100mg·kg-1)显著提高了酚类物质含量,烯效唑(50mg·kg-1)显著降低了酚类物质含量;各处理对蛋白质含量影响不大。     

植物生长调节剂“802”对圆果种黄麻产量和品质影响的研究

“802”是广州氮肥厂研制的一种新的植物生长调节剂。本剂为茶褐色液体，微碱性(PH7．5—8)易溶于水而澄清。具有促进植物根、芽萌发、植物生长和保花保果的作用。但用于提高黄麻纤维产量和品质方面的研究，在国内尚未见报道。本文是我们1981—1983年的研究结果。本研究已于1984年通过技术鉴定。     

几种植物生长物质对毛叶枣果实品质的影响

用浓度分别为20,50mg/L的GA3,NAA,ABA,6-BA涂抹谢花40 d后的毛叶枣(Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.)幼果.果实成熟后,测定果实的相关品质.结果表明:(1)20mg/LAA能够显著提高毛叶枣果实维生素C、可溶性固形物、蔗糖和有机酸的含量,但对单果重没有影响;20mg/L 6-BA也能提高果实维生素C、可溶性总糖和蔗糖的含量,但降低了单果重、葡萄糖和果糖的含量;20 mg/L ABA能促进果实增大,提高果实可溶性总糖和有机酸的含量;20 mg/L GA能增加有机酸的含量,但降低了含糖量、单果重及维生素C.(2)50 m/LNAA处理能提高果实所有品质的含量;50 mg/L ABA和6-BA都能提高含糖量及有机酸,但降低了单果重和维生素C含量;50mg/L GA能增加单果重、有机酸,但降低了含糖量和维生素C.综合结果表明,20mg/L浓度处理优于50 mg/L,而且NAA处理对提高毛叶枣果实品质效果比GA3,ABA,6-BA的好.     

3种植物生长调节剂对马铃薯产量和营养品质的调控

以马铃薯品种‘费乌瑞它’、‘大西洋’和‘克新13号’为试验材料,于盛花期进行叶面喷施2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate),简称DTA-6;烯效唑(Uniconazole),简称S3307;氯化胆碱(Choline chloride),简称Cc。通过比较块茎重量和块茎内可溶性蛋白含量、维生素C含量、淀粉含量、还原糖含量以及酚类物质含量,分析3种植物生长调节剂对马铃薯产量和品质的调控效应。结果表明,DTA-6可显著提高‘大西洋’和‘克新13号’大薯重量,Cc可显著提高‘大西洋’大薯重量;各处理对可溶性蛋白含量没有显著性影响,但都显著提高了‘费乌瑞它’酚类物质的含量;DTA-6可显著提高‘费乌瑞它’和‘克新13号’维生素C的含量,而Cc可显著提高‘费乌瑞它’淀粉含量,DTA-6和Cc处理可显著提高‘克新13号’还原糖含量。     

不同品种和工艺对红茶品质的影响研究

本文对云抗10号、福云6号和凌云白毫三个品种的螺旋形红茶、针形红茶以及传统的工夫红茶三个加工工艺进行了研究。其结果表明三个品种都是针形红茶品质最好、螺旋形红茶次之、传统功夫红茶品质最差。在同种工艺条件下,福云6号和凌云白毫的红茶品质最好。     

4种植物生长调节剂对茶树叶芽生长及茶叶品质的影响

为明确赤霉素、胺鲜酯、复硝酚钠和芸苔素内酯4种植物生长调节剂在春茶生产中的施用时间和效果,以喷施清水为对照,比较分析了在不同时间段喷施4种植物生长调节剂对茶树叶芽萌展值、发芽密度、百芽重、含水量、产量以及成茶感官品质等指标。结果表明:在春茶生产不同时间段喷施4种植物生长调节剂均能够提高茶叶产量,其中第2次喷施对产量的增幅较小;在春茶萌动前期施用复硝酚钠和芸苔素内酯能够显著提高茶树叶芽萌展值;在春茶萌动前期仅有施用芸苔素内酯能够显著增加茶树发芽密度,而在春茶生产后期喷施植物生长调节剂均在一定程度上增加茶树发芽密度和百芽重;最后2次施用植物生长调节剂能够显著提高茶叶感官审评得分。     

护坡植物的选择及对护坡土体稳定性的影响研究进展

植被护坡是最基本的一种边坡防护形式。阐述了边坡防护中植被的选择、应用现状以及对边坡稳定性的影响,并对草本植物护坡的应用前景作了展望。     

植物生长调节剂“802”对圆果种黄麻产量和品质影响的研究

前言“802”是广州氮肥广研制的一种新的植物生长调节剂。本剂为茶褐色液体,微碱性(PH7.5—8)易溶于水而澄清。具有促进植物根、芽萌发、植物生长和保花保果的作用。但用于提高黄麻纤维产量和品质方面的研究,在国内尚未见报道。本文是我们1981—1983年的研究结果。本研究已于1984年通过技术鉴定。     

植物生长物质对马铃薯叶片同化物及产量品质的影响

在大田条件下,于马铃薯块茎膨大期叶面喷施2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(DTA-6)、烯效唑(S330)7和SOD模拟物(SODM)3种植物生长物质,研究其对马铃薯叶片同化物代谢、产量和块茎品质的影响。结果表明:DTA-6提高了马铃薯叶片淀粉运输速率、可溶性糖和还原糖含量,SODM提高了生育后期马铃薯叶片可溶性糖含量,两种物质均延缓了生育后期可溶性蛋白的下降速率,S3307对同化物代谢的调节作用不明显。综合分析得出:3种物质均提高了马铃薯的产量,改善了块茎品质,其中以SODM作用为最佳,DTA-6次之。     

采收时间对油葵种子质量及品质的影响

为明确不同采收期对油葵种子质量和品质的影响,本研究以67×早R、36×早R和早熟矮大头3个油葵材料为研究对象,于开花后30、35、42、47 d收获种子,对相同条件下晾干的种子进行活力相关指标和品质指标测定.结果表明,67×早R和早熟矮大头在开花后42 d收获的种子,活力较高;36×早R以开花后47 d收获的种子,活力...     

Yield andin vitro nutritional quality of some leguminous seed protein isolates

Seed protein concentrates (SPC) were extracted from 4 leguminous species and the extractabilities of total N (nitrogen), protein N and SPC determined. In addition, composition, calorie value andin vitro enzymatic digestibility of these SPCs was analysed. Results indicate the promising nutritional potential of these SPCs.     

Effect of germination and fermentation on the nutritional quality of bambara nut (Voandzeia subterranea L. Thouars) and its product (milk)

Five cultivars of bambara groundnut were selected on which to study the effects of germination and fermentation on their proximate composition. The cultivar that had the highest protein content was chosen to prepare unfermented and fermented milk. Standard assay techniques were adopted to determine the parameters selected for use. Germination caused a decrease in the protein, carbohydrate and starch; it increased sugar content, and had varied effects on the lipids contents of the dry samples. The anti-nutritional factor-tannin concentration was decreased. Germination and fermentation had varied effects on the nutrient compositions of the milk. Compared to the control, germination had the same effect as in the seeds. Fermentation further decreased some of the nitrogenous constituents, sugar and starch content of the milk and much more drastically the tannin content. Hydrolysis and other metabolic changes freed the nutrients from their bound forms while decreasing the quantity, but increasing the quality and availability of the nutrients.     

敌草快对成熟期油菜脱水和种子质量的影响

为适应机械化收获对种子成熟的要求,研究化学催熟剂敌草快对油菜角果脱水和种子质量的影响,选用甘蓝型油菜品种阳光2009在油菜成熟期进行田间喷施敌草快试验,测定菜籽含水量、发芽率、千粒重、品质和敌草快残留。结果表明:于油菜角果黄熟期主花序角果转色时用1.8L/hm2的敌草快水剂喷施处理6d,与自然成熟(喷施等量清水)的对照组和人工割晒组相比,油菜脱水效果显著,角果和籽粒含水量分别为7.8%和10.49%;与对照组相比,角果和籽粒含水量分别下降52.66%和24.84%。该浓度处理下对油菜发芽率、千粒重及品质均未产生显著影响,其中发芽率达99%,贮藏2周的油菜种子中敌草快残留量为0.13mg/kg,符合中国和英国的安全标准;贮藏3周未检测到敌草快残留。建议加快敌草快在油菜催枯用途方面的农药登记,推进我国油菜全程机械化技术的应用。     

Towards effective soybean seed systems in Benin: Current situation and prospects for production and delivery of good quality seed

Facilitating farmers’ access to quality seed requires proper understanding of the functioning of seed systems. This study aimed at analyzing soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) seed systems in Benin to pave the way for strengthening this sector. The research approach consisted of desk research, focus group discussions, individual interviews and validation workshop with stakeholders involved in soybean seed systems. Our findings revealed that despite the existence of an institutional and organizational framework, the formal soybean seed system is not at all functioning. Farmers mainly relied on informal seed system through self-saved seed and seed purchase in the markets. There is an emerging soybean seed system led by NGOs and farmers’ organizations. Current soybean seed systems are ineffective in timely supplying desired soybean varieties to farmers. Creation of enabling environment to attract private investment and develop local seed businesses is proposed along with new organizational arrangements among stakeholders. Farmers’ training in seed production, processing and managerial skills, as strategy to improve informal seed system, are proposed to strengthen local seed business. Farmers’ organizations have a critical role to play, as they serve as intermediary between their members and seed producers. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) could be exploited not only to promote improved seeds but also to ensure traceability in the system. Quality Declared Seed could be the most adapted quality insurance scheme in remote areas. The proposed arrangements among stakeholders in the seed systems in this study could be applied to legume crops other than soybean.     

Genotypic and environmental effects on lupin seed composition

Currently, white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is gaining importance due to its high nitrogen fixation capability and potential in sustainable crop production systems. Even though research conducted in Australia, Chile, Germany, New Zealand, and Portugal has indicated lupin's positive potential as human and animal food, such information from Virginia and adjoining areas of the United States is not available. In addition, effects of growing environment and genotypes on lupin seed composition need to be characterized to evaluate lupin's potential as a food and feed crop. Towards this end, seed of 12 lupin genotypes produced in Maine (USA) and Virginia (USA) were compared to determine genotypic and environmental effects on contents of protein, sugar, oil, various fatty acids, amino acids, and minerals. The protein content of dry seed was not affected by growing environment. However, growing environment had significant effects on contents of total sugar, amino acids, oil, fatty acids, and minerals. Significant variation existed among 12 lupin genotypes for various traits when composition of seed produced in Virginia was evaluated. The results indicated that site-specific evaluation of adapted lupin genotypes for chemical composition should be included in efforts to evaluate lupin's overall potential as a food or feed crop.     

茶叶籽油的加工工艺及其保健功效研究进展

茶叶籽油是一种纯天然高级木本可食用油脂,具有很高的营养价值和保健作用,其不饱和脂肪酸含量超过80%,维E含量丰富,具有降血脂、抗氧化及调节免疫功能、抗癌、美容护肤等保健功效。经初加工的茶叶籽油色泽深,带有苦涩味,需精加工。本文就茶叶籽油的理化特性、成分组成、加工工艺及其保健功能作一综述,以期为茶叶籽油的综合开发利用提供参考和依据。     

种子处理剂不同用量拌种对油菜毯状苗生长的影响

为培育出高质量油菜毯状苗,以适宜机械化移栽,探究种子处理剂(每升含5%的烯效唑5 g,七水硫酸亚铁142 mg,硫酸镁294 mg、硼酸0.6 mg、硫酸锌0.6 mg、硫酸锰0.6 mg,余量为水)不同用量拌种对油菜毯状苗生长的影响。本文以甘蓝型双低杂交油菜宁杂1818和常规油菜扬油9号为材料,设置种子处理剂用量分别为每100 g油菜种子0 mL、0.5 mL、1 mL、1.5 mL、2 mL、2.5 mL、3 mL和4 mL 8个处理,分析其对出苗率、存苗率、苗高、子叶大小、第一叶大小、根颈长度、根颈直径以及干物重等指标的影响。结果表明,适宜用量的种子处理剂能提高出苗率和存苗率,用量过高则显著降低出苗率和存苗率,不同种子处理剂用量均能显著降低苗高,缩短根颈长度增加根颈直径,干物质重随用量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,综合各项指标,每100 g种子用2~2.5 mL种子处理剂拌种最优,是适合油菜毯状苗培育种子处理的最佳用量。     

种衣剂对纤维亚麻生长的效应

目前麻田保苗不足已成为限制亚麻生产的瓶颈问题,究其原因除因播种质量外,苗期的立枯病、炭疽病和萎蔫病是造成缺苗的主要因素。针对此问题,开展了亚麻种衣剂的试验研究和筛选工作,试验利用东北农业大学提供的种衣剂1、2、3号与福美霜进行比较,通过苗期调查和收获后测定原茎产量和品质,初步证明所用的亚麻种衣剂对亚麻种苗安全,具有提高苗期抗病力,增加收获株数的效应,并能够增加原茎产量和纤维产量,同时对改善亚麻品质有一定的作用。     

水氮互作对工业大麻生长、光合特性及产量的影响

针对籽用工业大麻种植区存在的灌水施氮不合理问题,在大田条件下设置不同水平灌水量和施氮量,探讨作物生长、SPAD值(叶绿素含量)、叶片光合性能、产量及其构成因素等的变化,揭示麻籽产量对水氮互作的响应机制等,为确定适宜的水氮施用量提供理论依据.采用2因素4水平随机区组试验设计,灌溉水平设0(W0)、60(W1)、120(W...