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为了揭示丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌与甜菜的共生关系,收集甜菜根系及根际土壤,采用湿筛倾析-蔗糖离心法分离甜菜根围土壤AM真菌孢子。利用形态学和分子生物学方法对分离得到的AM真菌孢子进行分类鉴定,并应用Nested-PCR技术检测甜菜根际土壤AM真菌侵染甜菜根系情况。依据AM真菌孢子形态特征及25S rDNA D1/D2区域序列分析,鉴定出甜菜根围土壤中具有摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae),并且应用Nested-PCR技术从甜菜根内检测到了G.mosseae,表明G.mosseae侵染甜菜根系。 相似文献
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黑龙江省呼兰县是我省主要甜菜老产区之一。近几年来,甜菜根病有所蔓延扩大.严重影响甜菜产质量,个别地区已成为甜菜生产发展的严重障碍。一般发病率在15%—20%,个别严重地块高达50%以上,甚至造成绝产、毁种。为了减轻根腐病危害,找到有效的防治措施,我站于1979年开始,连续三年进行了田间大区防治试验。在近几年的生产示范中,初步取得了稳定的防治效果,使甜菜根腐病逐步减轻。 相似文献
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利用温室生长3周龄、4周龄、5周龄、6周龄的甜菜幼苗和自田间分离的甜菜根腐病镰刀菌单孢子培养物,进行土壤接种、蘸根接种、混合接种,两次试验结果表明,发病率由大到小依次是混合接种、蘸根接种、土壤接种。3种方法均能保证发病,完成甜菜根腐病的抗病性鉴定工作。 相似文献
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液肥处理对甜菜根产量和含糖率的影响魏良民,冯建忠,章艳凤,阎德林,范明新,高菊萍(新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所)(新疆昌吉糖厂)甜菜块根产量及含糖率为重要的经济性状,直接影响其种植效益。如何在提高并保持较高含糖率的同时尽可能提高根产量,是甜菜育种及栽... 相似文献
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根系局部供氮对水稻根系形态的影响及其机理 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
通过砂培试验,研究了水稻根系和地上部分(苗)对局部根系供应氮素的适应性变化。局部根系供应氮素对水稻根系形态,生物量及碳、氮分配有明显的影响。无论供氮量高低,供氮一侧均能诱导根系生长发育,表现为供氮一侧侧根长、根表面积、根系体积、根重等明显高于无氮侧,但是根系直径明显变细。供氮侧根系碳水化合物含量高于无氮侧;随供氮量的增加,碳水化合物含量相对减少。根据试验结果,认为局部供应氮素诱导根系生长发育的可能机理是无氮一侧根系的饥饿信号诱导地上部碳水化合物定向运输和分配到供氮侧的根系,从而促进该侧根系的生长发育。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):127-155
SUMMARY This paper examines the nature and importance of the dynamics of crop root growth, particularly root turnover, and the application to different cropping systems. Methods now available to investigate root dynamics are summarized, and information being obtained is presented. Effects of physical, chemical, and biological factors on root dynamics are discussed. Growth of new roots and death of older roots can change the initial distribution in soil, allowing roots to exploit zones that have a more favorable nutrient or water supply. In herbaceous crops, the lifespan of roots appears to range between 16 and 36 per cent of the annual growth cycle. However, there is a paucity of data with which results can be compared. Localized enrichment of the water and nutrient supply enhances root turnover, and plants growing in soil well supplied with nutrients tend to have shorter-lived roots than those from nutrient limiting conditions. Both drought and excess water can induce premature root death, as can the resupply of water after drought. Turnover of roots contributes to carbon deposition in soil through their death and decay, as well as from the release of exudates from those roots during their lifetime. Improved understanding of root turnover is important for the development of more sustainable cropping systems. In particular, it could be used to improve the exploitation of N released from green manure as well as capturing N that has been leached below the rooting zone of staple crops. It is stressed that root turnover has more importance for plants with longer life cycles than in short season annual crops. 相似文献
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以杂交籼稻宜香优2115和F优498为材料,手栽为对照,采用二因素裂区设计,使用新设计加工的取样工具,研究机直播和机插对杂交籼稻根系性状的影响。结果表明:1) 创新设计的水稻根系取土器能够便捷而准确地进行根系取样甚至根系的分层取样;2)移栽前及返青后总根长、根体积、根尖数均表现为直播>手栽>机插,返青期间,机插和手栽秧苗的根系生长快速,根冠比呈增大趋势,同期的直播稻地上部的生长快于根系,根冠比减小。3)直播稻根系早期生长迅速,抽穗期根多而细,根尖数大于机插和手栽,根冠比最大;机插根系具有后发优势,分蘖盛期后快速生长,抽穗期总根长、根体积最大;手栽根系少而粗,根冠比最小。4)与手插相比,抽穗期直播和机插根系分布浅,0~10 cm土层直播、机插、手栽根干质量分别占植株根系总干质量的76.9%、76.5%、67.9%,10~20 cm及20 cm以上土层直播和机插根干质量所占比例均低于手栽;横向分布上,直播在植株正下方0~12 cm直径范围内根干质量所占比例较机插和手栽分别高3.5%和3.3%,根系更加集中分布在植株正下方。5)移栽前,根活性表现为直播>机插>手栽,差异极显著;移栽后,机插和手栽根活性快速提高,返青后无显著差异;至抽穗后35 d,直播、机插和手栽方式下,宜香优2115根系伤流强度较抽穗0d分别降低84.7%、75.4%和74.3%,F优498分别降低79.3%、75.9%和74.3%,直播的根系衰老快于机插和手栽。总的来看,机械化播栽对杂交籼稻根系性状有显著影响,抽穗期机插根系分布浅,根粗而多;直播根系分布浅,根直径最小,根尖数最多,抽穗后衰老快;手栽根系分布深,根粗而少。 相似文献
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灌浆期断根对小麦产量及相关生理性状的影响 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
为给小麦生长发育进程中的根系调控提供依据,以小麦品种山农9-1为试验材料,研究了不同土层断根对小麦生育后期生理性状及产量的影响.结果表明,断根处理使小麦根系活力降低,叶片光合能力下降,膜脂过氧化加剧,加速了小麦的衰老,明显降低了产量,表现为断根越浅,影响越大.断根后浇水对产量有弥补作用;地表向下20 cm处断根,产量降低35.9%~43.4%,即该层根系对后期产量形成的相对作用为56.6%~64.1%,而20~40、 40~80、80~100 cm以及100 cm以下根系对产量的相对作用为10.0%~12.8%、3.3%~7.9%、5.5%~6.5%和14.3%~19.0%,即100 cm以下深层根和20 cm以上的表层根共同构成两头大中间低的根效分布.100 cm以下的根系对产量的相对作用则表现为不浇水相对较大,说明1 m以下的种子根群,在小麦生育后期遭遇干旱情况下对籽粒形成更为重要. 相似文献
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以超级杂交稻F优498为材料,采用旱育秧方式育苗,设置不同秧龄(25d和40d)和幼苗伤根处理(整株根系剪去1/3、2/3、全部,以不剪根为对照),进行水培试验,研究根系损伤后(0~48h和1~29d)的生理响应、物质积累、根系形态及氮素吸收特性。结果表明,剪根后不同秧龄秧苗受影响的程度及反应速度不同,秧苗地上部脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量均出现了明显峰值,伤根程度越大,峰值越高,到达峰值的时间越早;25d秧龄的幼苗在剪根后的生理抗性及恢复能力均明显强于40d秧龄的幼苗。从剪根程度来看,不同秧龄下,剪根1/3处理对幼苗生长有一定促进作用,25d秧龄,剪根1/3处理在处理后22d,根系长度、根系表面积、地上部、根系干质量以及根冠比均大于对照,同时该处理氮素积累显著高于对照;40d秧龄,整个生育期根系表面积均随剪根程度的增大而减小,剪根1/3处理在处理后22d,根冠比显著大于对照,处理后29d,地上部、根系干质量、根系长度、氮素积累量以及含氮率均大于对照,而伤根程度较大不仅会导致水稻幼苗根系生长受阻,同时会严重抑制根系对养分的吸收,从而影响水稻幼苗的生长发育。 相似文献
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Xi Liang John E. Erickson Wilfred Vermerris Diane L. Rowland Lynn E. Sollenberger Maria L. Silveira 《Journal of Crop Improvement》2017,31(1):39-55
Plant root architecture offers the potential for increasing soil water accessibility, particularly under water-limited conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the root architecture in two genotypes of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) differing in root angles and to assess the influence of different deficit irrigation regimes on root architecture. The response of two sorghum genotypes, ‘Early Hegari-Sart’ (EH; steep root angle) and ‘Bk7’ (shallow root angle) to four irrigation treatments was investigated in two replicated outdoor studies using large pots. The results indicated that EH possessed steeper brace and crown root angles, fewer brace roots, greater root biomass, and root length density than Bk7 at deeper soil depths (i.e., 15–30 and 30–45 cm) compared with a shallower depth (i.e., 0–15 cm). Across the soil profile, EH had greater root length density and length of roots of small diameter (<1 mm) than Bk7. Accordingly, EH showed more rapid soil-water capture than Bk7. Different levels of irrigation input greatly affected root architecture. Severe deficit irrigation (25% of full crop transpiration throughout the season) increased the angle and number of crown roots, root biomass, and root length density compared with 75 and 100% of full crop transpiration treatments. Consequently, root system architecture can be effectively manipulated through both genotypic selection and irrigation management to ensure optimal performance under different levels of soil available water. 相似文献
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利用大型容器对甘蔗品种ROC22和云蔗06-407进行桶栽种植,探讨微生物土壤活化剂对甘蔗根系及地上部分的作用效果。结果表明:(1)施用微生物土壤活化剂对ROC22、云蔗06-407的根系和地上部分的提高均有一定效果,其中对云蔗06-407效果更显著,云蔗06-407的株高和茎径分别增加12.37%和28.81%;地上鲜重和根系鲜重分别增长32.61%和37.10%,白根根长增长92.57%,白根表面积增长66.08%,以上指标除株高外差异均达显著水平。(2)侧根数量越多,根系平均直径越小。(3)甘蔗地上部分的茎径、株高和地上鲜重均与根系鲜重呈极显著正相关,相关性系数均在0.797 9以上。表明微生物土壤活化剂可促进甘蔗根系的生长,有利于提高株高和茎径,从而提高甘蔗产量。 相似文献
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To explore the effects of IAA on negative phototropism of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) root, agar block containing IAA was unilaterally applied on root tip to examine the phototropic response of root to exogenous IAA, and microstructure of the bending part was observed with an optical microscope. The growth of seminal roots could be regulated by exogenous IAA as well as light,as a result the root bent towards the site treated, causing asymmetric growth of the root cells at the elongation zone and consequently bending growth. IAA concentration in the shaded side of adventitious root increased much greater at 1.5 h after the start of irradiation. The unequal lateral IAA distribution can be concluded to be the main cause for negative phototropism of rice root. 相似文献
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不同供氮模式对水稻根系形态及生理特征的影响 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
【目的】为明确氮素优化管理模式(OPTs)下水稻根系形态和生理特征及其与氮素吸收和产量形成的关系。【方法】以镇稻11为材料,采用营养液培养,通过三种氮素供应模式分别模拟农民习惯施肥(FFP)、高效施肥(HE)及高产高效施肥(HEHY),研究了不同供氮模式对水稻主要生育期生物量和氮素累积、根系形态和生理特征以及产量形成的影响。【结果】与FFP相比,HE和HEHY(OPTs)通过提高每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重而使水稻籽粒产量分别增加5.7%和16.0%。与FFP相比,OPTs增加了生育期内水稻根系生物量、根系长度、根系总表面积、根系体积以及单个分蘖不定根数目,并提高了灌浆期根系活力、根系氮素同化能力以及叶片光合速率。相关分析表明,开花期根系生物量、总表面积、根体积、单个分蘖平均不定根数目、伤流液流速和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性均与总氮素累积量及产量显著正相关。【结论】因此,OPTs通过养分调控,可促进水稻根系的生长、优化根系形态结构,并能维持水稻生育后期较高的根系活力,从而促进了水稻对氮素的累积以及产量的形成。 相似文献