植酸酶对肉鸭生长性能和磷利用率的影响

植酸酶(phytases)是一种单磷水解酶.植酸酶具有特殊的空间结构,将植酸(盐)降解为肌醇和无机磷,同时释放出与植酸(盐)结合的其它营养物质,改善饲料中磷的利用率.早期研究表明在植物性饲料原料中,约70％的磷以植酸磷形式存在.在饲料中添加植酸酶不仅可以提高植酸磷的利用率,还能促进饲料中蛋白质的分解和利用,有效提升鸭的...     

低磷低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶和蛋白酶对草鱼生长性能和消化生理的影响

本试验旨在研究低磷低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶和蛋白酶对草鱼生长性能、消化酶活性、营养物质表观消化率和免疫力的影响。试验选取平均体重为9.66 g的健康草鱼630尾,随机分为7个组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。7组草鱼饲喂如下试验饲料:正常磷(磷酸二氢钙添加量2.0%)正常鱼粉(鱼粉添加量3.0%)饲料(对照)、低磷(磷酸二氢钙添加量1.3%)正常鱼粉饲料、低磷正常鱼粉并添加0.03%植酸酶饲料、正常磷低鱼粉(鱼粉添加量1.5%)饲料、正常磷低鱼粉并添加0.05%蛋白酶饲料、低磷和低鱼粉饲料、低磷低鱼粉并添加0.03%植酸酶和0.05%蛋白酶饲料。饲养试验持续56 d。结果显示:与饲喂正常磷正常鱼粉饲料草鱼相比,饲喂低磷低鱼粉饲料草鱼的增重率、特定生长率、营养物质(干物质、蛋白质、钙和磷)表观消化率、肠道消化酶(胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和淀粉酶)活性、血清溶菌酶活性均显著降低(P<0.05),饲料系数和血清丙二醛含量显著升高(P<0.05)。在低磷正常鱼粉饲料、正常磷低鱼粉饲料、低磷低鱼粉饲料中分别添加植酸酶、蛋白酶、植酸酶与蛋白酶后,草鱼的上述指标均得到显著改善(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,在低磷低鱼粉饲料中添加植酸酶和蛋白酶能够提高草鱼的营养物质表观消化率、肠道消化酶活性和免疫力,从而改善其生长性能。     

不同剂型植酸酶对肉仔鸡生长性能和钙、磷利用率的影响

选用160只1日龄肉仔鸡随机分为4组,每组设4个重复,以正常磷日粮为对照,研究在低磷日粮中分别添加相同剂量(100 g/t)不同剂型植酸酶(粉状、液体状、包被颗粒状)对肉仔鸡生长性能及钙、磷利用率的影响。结果表明:(1)低磷日粮中添加不同剂型植酸酶均可提高肉仔鸡的平均日增重和饲料利用率,包被颗粒状植酸酶添加效果最好;(2)各组胫骨的各项指标差异均不显著(P>0.05);(3)各组血清磷、血清钙、血清碱性磷酸酶差异不显著(P>0.05);(4)与对照组比较,各试验组的总磷表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),钙、粗蛋白质、干物质表观消化率也均有提高;(5)与对照组比较,各试验组肉仔鸡磷排出量(g/kg采食日粮)分别降低了28.28%、28.97%和32.41%(P<0.05)。由结果可知:在42 d的试验中,包被颗粒状植酸酶对肉仔鸡生长性能及钙磷利用率的作用效果最好,其次是液体状植酸酶,粉状植酸酶的作用效果要次于前两者。     

植酸酶提高肉鸡生长性能手磷利用率的研究

本研究在不同类型和有效磷水平日粮中添加植酸酶对内卫鸡进行生长性能和磷利用效果评定，结果表明：（１）不同有效磷水平日粮加植酸酶（２００－４００Ｐｕ／ｋｇ）均明显提高体增重、饲料利用率，在玉米－糠麸－菜、后日粮中加植酸酶的反应受日粮有效磷水平的影响，低磷日粮加植酸酶有较大的应答；９）肉生长性能的改善与磷、钙、匀上关，饲喂添加植酸酶日粮的肉鸡血清磷、胫骨在分、磷钙、锌含量提高，植酸磷、总磷、钙的表观利用     

在低磷日粮中添加微生物植酸酶对肉仔鸡生长性能和养分利用率的影响

前言在几乎所有的种子植物中,植酸磷(phytateP)是磷的主要贮藏形式。这种植酸磷的利用率较低(NRC,1994),因而可以使用无机磷源来满足家禽的磷需要量(Yi等,1996)。因此,大量的磷未被吸收,便通过家禽粪便排出。而且,现已知道,植酸磷会降低其他必需矿物质的生物利用率,因为植酸具有粘结剂的作用,可使无机复盐与各种二价阳离子(如钙、镁、锌、铁和钾)结果在一起(Cosgrove,1980;Reddy等,1982)。在常见的玉米-大豆日粮中,没有发现天然的植酸酶活性,摄入体内的总磷只有29%被吸收(Pallauf和Rimbach,1992)。在利用玉米-大豆日粮开展的研究中,一些…     

植酸酶对仔猪生长性能及磷利用率的影响

植酸酶添加到仔猪饲粮中可提高仔猪生长性能及磷消化利用率,同时减少猪粪尿中磷的排出,减轻对环境的污染。试验选用60日龄杜长大仔猪,研究不同水平的植酸酶替代磷酸氢钙对仔猪生长性能及磷消化利用率的影响。结果表明:仔猪饲粮中添加750FTU/kg和1000 FTU/kg植酸酶替代80%磷酸氢钙日增重分别比对照组提高了4.72%和5.24%,差异显著(P<0.05),饲料利用率分别比对照组提高了3.33%和3.67%(P<0.05)。仔猪饲粮中添加植酸酶可提高磷的表观消化率和利用率,同时磷的排泄量减少。试验结果证实了在仔猪日粮中添加植酸酶,可大部分替代磷酸氢钙,减少无机磷的添加量,从而减少猪粪尿中磷的排出,减轻对环境的污染。从增重效果及饲料成本来看,植酸酶添加量为750 FTU/kg(与对照组相比)较为适宜,可显著减少粪尿中磷的排泄量23.75%(P<0.01)。     

植酸酶预处理饲料对斑点叉尾鮰生长及磷利用率的影响

本试验通过体外预处理方式在饲料中添加植酸酶,旨在探讨其对斑点叉尾鮰生长及磷利用率的影响.试验以初始条件一致、平均体重为(1.74±0.02)g的450尾斑点叉尾鮰(Icralurus punctatus)稚鱼为研究对象,采用单因素完全分组设计,随机分为5个组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼.D0组为对照组,饲喂基础饲料...     

饲喂未添加无机磷的低磷日粮添加植酸酶对肉仔鸡生长性能和磷利…

１．用３个试验测定未添加无机磷的低磷日粮，添加真菌植酸酶（来自黑曲霉）对肉仔鸡生长和磷利用率的影响。２．添加不同水平的植酸酶（１２５，２５０或５００ＰＵ／Ｋｇ日粮）显著提高生长率与采食量，中等程度提高饲料转化率。３．鸡生长性能的改善与日粮磷利用增高相关。饲喂植酸酶处理日粮鸡血浆无机磷浓度和胫骨灰百分比显著提高，磷的表观利用率得到改善，粪便中磷浓度降低（试验１，Ｐ〈０．０５）。４．结论是在肉仔鸡的一     

不同磷水平日粮中添加植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能和磷利用的影响

不同磷水平日粮中添加植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能和磷利用的影响楼洪兴,吴建良,许松,吕玉丽,许尧兴,许少春（浙江省农业科学院,杭州,３１００２１）选用５００羽１日龄上海１０１商品黄鸡,以玉米一糠麸一菜豆粕型日粮中有效磷水平和植酸酶添加与否设５个处理,即０．４...     

Effects of thermostable phytase supplemented in diets on growth performance and nutrient utilization of broilers

Phytase is an enzyme that has the ability to release phosphorous (P) from phytate by hydrolyzing inositol-phosphate linkages. Recently, thermostable phytases have gained great consideration because the reduction in phytase activity was found when exposed to heat during feed pelleting. In this study, the effects of the granular thermostable phytase (Aspergillus niger) on growth performance and nutrient utilization of broilers were investigated. A total of 96 21-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly distributed into six treatments including basal diet (control) and basal diet supplemented with 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 8,000 U of phytase/kg. In general, the metabolizable energy (ME) and the apparent and true availability of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), and amino acids (AA) showed both linearly (p < .01) and quadratically (p < .01) increase with increasing levels of phytase in the diet. Additionally, diet supplementation with phytase could improve (p < .05) body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and feed/gain (F/G) on day 42 compared with the control. The results suggested that diet supplementation of the granular thermostable phytase in the crumbled pellets could improve chicken growth performance and nutrient utilization.     

植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能及饲粮养分利用率的影响

饲养试验选用1日龄的良凤花鸡600羽,随机分为4组(每组设3个重复,每个重复50羽),A组为对照组,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,B、C、D组的饲粮为分别以300、500、700 U/kg的植酸酶取代基础饲粮中的30%、50%、70%的磷酸氢钙。结果表明:0～4周龄,与对照组相比,C和D组平均日增重(ADG)分别极显著提高6.29%(P<0.01)和8.27%(P<0.01);平均料重比(F/G),组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。5～8周龄,与对照组相比,B、C和D组的ADG分别有所提高,F/G有所下降,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。B、C、D组鸡血清钙、磷、白蛋白、总蛋白、球蛋白含量随着植酸酶添加量的增加呈上升趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);血清碱性磷酸酶活性随着植酸酶的添加而呈降低趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。消化代谢试验结果表明,添加不同水平的植酸酶替代饲粮不同比例的磷酸氢钙,肉鸡饲粮干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、钙和能量的表观代谢率虽然比对照组有所改善,但差异不显著(P>0.05);而磷的表观吸收率分别比对照组显著提高了25.39%～32.48%(P<0.01)。     

一种光合细菌复合制剂对草鱼的生长及非特异性免疫功能的影响

在基础饲料中添加一种光合细菌复合制剂持续饲喂草鱼30 d和60 d,探讨草鱼的生长及非特异性免疫指标的变化。结果表明,饲喂30 d时,添加光合细菌复合制剂的处理组草鱼白细胞吞噬百分比、血清总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、血清和肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力极显著高于饲喂基础饲料的对照组草鱼(P<0.01);饲喂60 d时,处理组草鱼血清抗菌活力、血清和肝脏总SOD活力较对照组极显著升高(P<0.01),血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。结论为所选光合细菌复合制剂持续饲喂草鱼30 d或60 d,对草鱼生长量有促进作用,能提高草鱼的非特异性免疫功能。     

Water-soluble phosphorus excretion in pigs fed diets supplemented with microbial phytase

Three experiments were conducted to compare the excretion of water-soluble phosphorus (P) of starter, grower, and finisher pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based P-deficient basal diet containing no added inorganic P (B), P-adequate diet (the basal diet with added dicalcium phosphate; B + P), the basal diet plus 500 units of microbial phytase/kg (B + 500), or the basal diet plus 1000 units of microbial phytase/kg (B + 1000). There were 6 barrows per diet, in a randomized complete block design, with an average initial body weight of 10.4, 20.0, or 51.1 kg for each of starter, grower, and finisher pigs in the three phosphorus balance experiments, respectively. In the experiments, the addition of dicalcium phosphate or phytase to the basal diet increased ( P  < 0.05) the digestibility and retention of P, and there were linear reductions ( P  < 0.05) in water-soluble P excretion as a result of supplementing the basal diet with phytase. In the starter pig experiment, phytase addition at 500 or 1000 units/kg reduced ( P  < 0.05) water-soluble P excretion by 28 or 42%, respectively when compared with the B + P diet. In the grower pig experiment, adding phytase at 500 or 1000 units/kg reduced ( P  < 0.05) water-soluble P excretion by 24 or 34%, respectively when compared with the B + P diet. The use of phytase at 500 or 1000 units/kg reduced ( P  < 0.05) water-soluble P excretion by 11 or 30%, respectively in the finisher pig experiment. The proportion of water-soluble phosphorus in total phosphorus was not affected by dietary treatment in any of the three experiments. In conclusion, adding phytase at 1000 units/kg to a corn-soybean meal-based P-deficient diet basal diet containing no added inorganic P compared with B + P diet reduced the daily excretion of water-soluble P in starter, grower, and finisher pigs by 42, 34, and 30%, respectively.     

Nutrient utilization and manure P excretion in growing pigs fed corn-barley-soybean based diets supplemented with microbial phytase

The effect of high levels of microbial phytase supplementation in diets for growing pigs was studied in a 2‐week performance and nutrient digestibility trial involving 28 growing pigs weighing 16.4 ± 1.06 (mean ± SD) kg. Seven corn‐barley‐soybean meal‐based diets consisting of a positive control (PC) formulated to meet or exceed NRC nutrient requirements; a negative control (NC) with non‐phytate P reduced by 0.1% unit from NRC requirement and fed without or with 500 or 1000 U/kg; a doubled negative control (DNC) with no added inorganic P and fed without or with 2000 or 4000 U/kg. Chromic oxide was added as an indigestible marker and all diets were fed as mash. Pigs fed the PC diet had a higher P digestibility compared with those fed the NC (P < 0.02) and the DNC (P < 0.001) diets. Supplementing the NC diet with pyhtase tended to improve P digestibility (P < 0.10). However, addition of phytase to the DNC diet resulted in linear (P < 0.001) and quadratic (P < 0.03) increases in P digestibility with an overall improvement of 8% and 121% at 4000 phytase U/kg of diet, respectively, compared with the PC and DNC diets. Apparent total tract digestibility of N, OM and DM were higher (P < 0.05) in the PC diet compared with the DNC diet, but not the NC diet (P < 0.10). No effect of phytase addition to NC was observed on Ca, N, DM and OM digestibility. Phytase addition to the DNC diet resulted in a linear increase (P < 0.05) in N, DM and OM digestibility but not Ca. Increasing the levels of phytase supplementation in the NC and the DNC diets linearly decreased fecal P (P < 0.05) content by 45 and 42%, respectively. Adding phytase at 1000 or 4000 U/kg increased P retention (P < 0.05) by 14.3 or 15.6% units, respectively, compared with the PC diet. Urinary P excretion was higher in the group fed the PC diet compared with those fed the NC and DNC diets (P < 0.05). The results of this study show that complete removal of inorganic P from growing pig diets coupled with phytase supplementation improves digestibility and retention of P and N, thus reducing manure P excretion without any negative effect on pig performance.     

在不同有效磷日粮中添加植酸酶对仔猪生产性能的影响

将体重相近的60头15kg左右的杜长大仔猪分为5个处理（对照组、AP降低0．1％、AP降低0．12％、AP降低0．1％＋酶、AP降低0．12％＋酶），每个处理3个重复，每重复4头仔猪。研究结果表明：曰粮有效磷水平和植酸酶对仔猪生长、料重比都有显著的影响（P〈0．05），与对照组相比，当日粮有效磷水平降低0．1％，仔猪体重、日增重会显著降低，而料重比显著上升；当有效磷降低0．1％添加植酸酶时，仔猪体重、日增重会显著增加，而料重比显著下降；当日粮有效磷降低0．12％时，不论加酶与否，其体重、日增重都会显著下降，而料重比会显著增加。     

低水平钙磷日粮添加植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能和养分消化的影响

文章旨在探讨植酸酶对饲喂低水平钙磷日粮肉鸡生长性能和养分表观消化率的影响.试验将平均初始体重为(61.56±0.66)g的1日龄肉鸡随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复38只.对照组饲喂正常钙磷水平的玉米豆粕型日粮,T1～T3组饲喂低钙磷水平的玉米豆粕型日粮+0、1000和1500?FIU/kg植酸酶,试验分为1～21...     

高剂量植酸酶对肉鸡生长性能和消化率的影响

文章旨在研究植酸酶对1~42日龄肉鸡生长发育的影响。采用完全随机试验设计,试验共分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复24只鸡,各组分别为阳性对照组、负对照、负对照日粮+1000、2000和3000IU/kg植酸酶,试验结束后测定各组对骨功能、骨质量和血液矿物质的影响。随着日粮植酸酶添加水平的升高,显著改善了1~21d肉鸡日增重、采食量和料比(P<0.05),而1~42d肉鸡生长性能表现为显著二次曲线效应(P<0.05),其中负对照组肉鸡日增重和采食量最低(P<0.05),料比最高(P<0.05)。对照组较负对照组显著提高了42d肉鸡胫骨干物质含量(P<0.05)。随着植酸酶添加水平的升高,21d肉鸡血钙浓度表现为显著线性降低(P<0.05),而血磷浓度先升高后降低,负对照日粮+1000IU/kg植酸酶组最高(P<0.05)。42d肉鸡血磷浓度随日粮植酸酶水平的升高表现为二次曲线效应。对照组和负对照组较处理组显著提高了42d肉鸡血钙浓度(P<0.05)。与对照和负对照组相比,负对照添加植酸酶组显著降低了矿物质回肠表观消化系数(P<0.05),而负对照组+3000IU/kg植酸酶较对照组显著降低了能量回肠表观消化系数(P<0.05)。植酸酶在回归分析的基础上提高了肉鸡生长性能,添加高剂量植酸酶3000IU/kg显著提高21d肉鸡日增重。试验为期42d,日粮添加2000IU/kg植酸酶对肉鸡的增重和饲料转化率效果较好。     

Effects of a new recombinant phytase on performance and mineral utilization of laying ducks fed phosphorus-deficient diets

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of a new phytase supplementation in Jinding laying ducks fed different concentrations of non-phytate P (NPP) on production performance, mineral retention, and bone and plasma minerals. A 14-wk experiment was conducted using 200-d-old female laying ducks. A total of 1,000 laying ducks were randomly allocated to 5 treatments and fed 5 diets: a control diet that contained an adequate concentration of NPP (0.45%) and 4 diets that were deficient in NPP (0.38, 0.32, 0.25, and 0.18%, respectively) but supplemented with phytase at 500 U/kg. Decreasing the NPP content from 0.45 to 0.18% in the diets with phytase supplementation had no detrimental effects on performance. However, Cu and Zn retention was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for laying ducks consuming the 0.18% NPP diet with phytase supplementation. Likewise, laying ducks fed the 0.18% NPP diet had a significant reduction in bone ash, Ca, P, and Cu contents, and in serum P and Cu (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the decrease in NPP content in the diet with phytase supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) P retention. Therefore, with the supplementation of this novel phytase at 500 U, it is possible to reduce dietary concentrations of NPP to 0.25% and maintain the normal performance of laying ducks.