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我国鲍养殖病害研究进展 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:19
本文综述了我国鲍养殖病害的现状,流行病学、病原学、诊断和防治等方面的最新研究进展。近来在病毒和细菌性病原研究方面取得一些进展,一些常见暴发性传染病的致病原得到了确认,但有关这些病原的分子生物学特性、快速诊断方法以及有效的防治方法等方面尚等深入研究。 相似文献
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鲍遗传育种研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Abalones are important farming species with a high economic value. They have already been farmed for more than 50 years. As problems and new requirements rose continuously in culture industry of abalone, studies on genetic and breeding techniques are needed to improve characteristics and to gain new traits. This review concentrates on advances in genetics and breeding techniques in abalone. As for genetic studies, karyological analyses, allozyme, DNA markers and genetic diversity were reviewed. So far, karyological analyses in abalone have been performed in 12 species that can be divided into three groups according to the chromosome number. In some economically important species, loci of allozymes and. microsatellites have been isolated and applied to investigate the genetic structure of natural and hatchery populations and to identify the result of chromosome set manipulation, but the related reports are only a few yet. The resultsof investigation with DNA markers and allozymes showed that the genetic structure of natural populations presents two characteristics: excessive homozygosity and subdivision. Advances of various breeding techniques, including introduction, selection,hybridization, polyploidy, gynogenesis and gene manipulation, were reviewed in the other part. Although Haliotis discus discus, introduced from Japan, has become one of the most important culture species in China, the economic, social and environmental effects of introduction have been rarely studied. Selection is one of the most important and basic breeding techniques, but the studies on selection are only a few and preliminary, referring to the relations between genetic characteristics and the traits of growth and resistance, genetic diversity and heritability of quantitative traits, and the effect of selection. Interspecific hybridization was the first breeding program carded out in abalone. Experimental hybridization have been carded out for about 20 crosses. Heterosis,such as faster growth and high survival rate, has been observed in some crosses. Triploids have been successfully induced in many species of abalone with physical or chemical shock, e.g.H, discus hannai, H. rufescens, H.diversicolor diversicolor and H. rnidae. Field experiments were conducted in some species of triploid abalone. In comparison with triploid, the research on tetraploid is still in quest stage. The progress of induction of gynogenesis in abalone is quite slow. Conditions of sperm inactivation, diploid restoration and nuclear behavior of gynogenetically activated eggs have been researched on in H. discus han nai. Notwithstanding the gene transfer technology in abalone is in the quest stage, the research have already involved preparation of exogenic DNA,means of gene transfer, identification integration and expression of target gene, etc. Three research directions in these topics were proposed : to investigate the germplasm resources of abalone deeply and widely, to make use of traditional breeding methods and modem biotechnique synthetically, and to combine the science research with production practice. 相似文献
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我国鲍养殖研究现状及展望 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
本文对我国鲍养殖的主要种类、常见的养殖模式、人工育苗以及育种技术的研究现状进行了概述,就当前鲍增养殖面临的病害和种质等问题进行了探讨,并对今后我国鲍增养殖研究工作进行了展望. 相似文献
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皱纹盘鲍的养殖生物学研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文主要就温度对皱纹盘鲍摄食,生长及代谢的影响,皱纹筋鲍在各生长阶段的消化生理变化,皱纹盘鲍的营养需要与人工饵料的配制,以及皱纹盘鲍的主要细菌性,病毒性,寄生性病害的研究与防治等4个方面进行了综述。 相似文献
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本文通过对我省鲍养殖生产中存在的病害问题进行分析,认为:细菌感染,长期近亲繁殖导致种质退化、抗病力下降,换水量不足、投饵方法不正确、养殖技术、管理不规范,盲目追求产量、放养密度过大,滥用药物以及养殖布局不合理、选址不当,水温不适,自然灾害等是养殖生产中普遍存在的问题,也是造成我省近年来鲍养殖生产频繁发生病害的主要原因。或上述若干种原因的综合影响,也会导致鲍病害的发生。面对鲍养殖环境恶化,发生病害日益频繁,且愈演愈烈,导致人工养殖鲍大量死亡,造成巨大经济损失的状况,经过分析,针对养殖鲍发病的原因,建议积极开展防范工作,为养鲍业者提供参考,以促进我省鲍养殖生产健康发展,养鲍业者增产增收。 相似文献
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不同温度对九孔鲍能量收支影响的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在摸拟自然条件下,设定5个温度梯度(15、19、23、27、3lac)进行了室内水族箱养殖,结果表明,九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor superrtesxa)的生长能和代谢能随温度的增加而增加,高于此温度时则相反,呈负相关关系。在温度为27℃时,九孔鲍的生长能占摄食能的比例达到最大值。九孔鲍在各温度下的能量收支方程为:15℃:100(C)=18.05(F)+8.00(U)+7.91(M)+39.60(R)+7.14(Psh)+9.36(Pg)+9.94 19℃:100(C)=19.89(F)+12.24(U)+7.97(M)+33.74(R)+6.62(Psh)+9.54(Pg)+10.01 23℃:100(C)=17.43(F)+12.93(U)+7.04(M)+33.79(R)+6.20(Psh)+10.25(Pg)+12.37 27℃:100(C)=15.56(F)+11.03(U)+7.05(M)+28.53(R)+13.67(Psh)+16.12(Pg)+8.03 31℃:100(C)=18.82(F)+13.87(U)+12.52(M)+38.44(R)+12.35(Psh)+13.62(Pg)-9.62从能量收支方程中看出,只有小部分能量用于生长壳,一部分能量用于生长软体肉能,绝大部分能量用于代谢,还有一小部分能量用于排泄、排粪和分泌粘液。 相似文献
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1工厂化养殖的优势1.1生长快,生长周期短我国山东、辽宁沿海每年有5个月水温较低,鲍基本不生长,所以海上养鲍,一年只有7个月的生长期。工厂化养鲍可以通过冬季升温使养鲍水温周年在生长温度线以上,可适当延长最适生长温度的时间,达到鲍全年生长并有较长的适温期,从而缩短养成周期。 相似文献
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从汕尾健生鲍鱼场养殖水体和九孔鲍肠道中共分离筛选到25株弧菌,其中14株来自成鲍肠道,11株来自养殖水体,并对它们产多种胞外酶的能力进行了比较分析。试验结果表明:78.6%的肠道弧菌能分泌蛋白酶,21.4%能分泌脂肪酶,64.3%能分泌卵磷脂酶或淀粉酶,92.9%能分泌明胶酶;水体中的弧菌63.6%能分泌蛋白酶,54.5%能分泌脂肪酶或明胶酶,72.7%能分泌卵磷脂酶,100%能分泌淀粉酶。同时筛选出5株胞外酶分泌能力超强的菌株,除分泌蛋白酶能力最强的弧菌(Bh14)来自鲍鱼肠道外,其余分泌其它4种胞外酶能力最强者(Sh05、Sh03、Sh11、Sh08)均来自养殖水体。研究还发现来自水体的弧菌分泌多种胞外酶能力强于来自肠道的弧菌。由此提示,应用有益微生物以改善鲍鱼肠道中的菌群结构,可能会提高鲍鱼饲料利用率。 相似文献
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福建大连1号杂交鲍肠道及养殖水体中细菌产酶能力的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从大连1号杂交鲍养殖水体及肠道中分离出18株弧菌和32株异养型细菌,对其进行革兰氏染色及产胞外酶能力的分析。结果表明,养殖水体中分离出的14株弧菌和22株异养细菌,共有22株(61.1%)具有分泌脂肪酶、卵磷脂酶、明胶酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶或溶血毒素的能力;鲍肠道分离出的4株弧菌和10株异养细菌,共有9株(64.3%)具有此产酶能力。但总体上,从水体中分离出的菌株的产酶能力要强于从鲍肠道中分离出的菌株,且数量更多,尤其是水体中异养细菌。在所有的50株菌株中,有2株(4%)具有产3种酶(脂肪酶、卵磷脂酶和溶血素)的能力;有9(18%)株具有产2种酶的能力。产酶菌株大部分为革兰氏阴性。本次试验对鲍肠道及养殖水体中菌株产酶能力进行了分析,为大连1号杂交鲍在南方的健康养殖提供科学依据。 相似文献
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