桃树土施多效唑时期和方法研究

试验比较了秋季和春季土施多效唑，以及春季不同方式土施多效唑对桃树生长的影响。秋季施用和翌春开始生长前施用我效唑都能显著地抑制新梢生长，处理间差异不显著。前者的抑制作用出现比春季施用早一周。环状沟施效果不如树冠下均匀撒施和环状沟灌。     

桃树土施多效唑时期和方法研究

桃树土施多效唑时期和方法研究方金豹（中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所４５０００４）果树科学。１９９５，１２（４）－２８～２３１在郑州用３年生毛桃砧春蕾桃供试。施用方式试验于３月下旬进行，设４个处理：①在树冠下全面均匀撒施；②在树冠滴水线开环状浅沟，将多效...     

多效唑在樱桃树上的应用

多效唑又叫PP333、对氯丁唑,其作用机理是抑制赤霉素生物合成,使赤霉素和生长素类物质含量降低,细胞分裂素和脱落酸含量提高,营养生长减缓、枝条增粗、节间变短、树体矮化紧凑,使光合作用更多地用于生殖生长,促进花芽形成和果实生长,提高产量。在樱桃树上使用多效唑对果实品质没有大的影响,但可部分抑制枝条生长,控制树冠大小,减小修剪量。1使用方法1)土施法。土施多效唑“呆滞期”较短,有效期长,可促使樱桃树花期提前,成熟期推迟,并促使早落叶,省工、省药、效果好。生产上常采用环状沟灌法和树冠下均匀撒施法。①环状沟灌法。在与树冠外围…     

李树土施多效唑效果显著

李树在我省枝梢生长往往过旺，早期不易形成花芽。施用多效唑可控制枝梢生长，促进分枝，较早形成较多的中、短果枝和花束状短果枝，增加着果数。施用时间以早春3月上旬为佳，沿树冠滴水线外缘开宽30cm、深20cm的环状沟，按每株树冠投影面积计，每m2用0．6g多效唑有效成分（15％粉剂4g／m2），溶解于5～8L水中浇施，施后覆土。笔者1996年在4年~生的三华李和柰李上土施多效唑，产量分别为对照的201％和189％，效果显著。多效唑属植物生长调节剂，使用后要加强肥水管理，才能更好地发挥其效果。李树土施多效唑效果显著@王开龙$江西省永丰县农…     

多效唑对甜樱桃幼树生长的影响

多效唑通过土施、叶面喷施、涂干等能抑制多种果树枝条的生长 ,缩短节间长度 ,促生短枝 ,增加花量。但在甜樱桃上应用报道甚少。　　试验于 1995～ 1997年在湖南农业大学果树示范园进行 ,供试材料为 2年生甜樱桃红灯与红艳品种。于1995年春季萌芽前在植株滴水线下环状沟施 (沟深、宽约为 15ｃｍ× 2 5ｃｍ)多效唑 ,然后覆土灌水 ,以不施多效唑为对照。处理为 :Ａ .每株 6克 ,Ｂ .每平方米树盘 2 .5ｇ ,Ｃ .每平方米树盘 1.2 5克 ,Ｄ .每株 3ｇ。结果表明 ,甜樱桃幼树土施多效唑 ,在处理当年和第 2年均有效地抑制枝条生长 ,缩短 1次枝节间长…     

科技简讯

山东肥城县边院镇古店村有4年生肥城桃树1.3hm~2(1988年春栽植),株行距5m×5m.1991年春,土施多效唑,控制旺长,增产效果明显.一、施用方法 该桃园上部是黄壤土,下部是黑土.3月上旬土施15%可湿性粉剂多效唑150株,在树冠投影下挖8个放射沟,沟深8cm,长80cm 至1m,每株施入多效唑4g.二、施用效果 1.抑制了新梢旺长,施用当年外(?)新梢比对照短63.2%,节间短,减少二次枝的发生数量.叶色深,叶片增厚,百叶重提高10.2g.2.促进     

土施多效唑对樱桃幼树生长结果的影响

土施多效唑对樱桃幼树生长结果的影响￥浙江省淳安县姜家木旺农技站＠唐黎标土施多效唑对樱桃幼树生长结果的影响为探讨多效唑对南方樱桃幼树生长、成花结果的影响，针对樱桃幼树生长旺盛，树冠早期郁闭，花芽形成少且着生部位高的现象，１９９５～１９９６年淳安县姜家镇伊家坞...     

金冠苹果土施多效唑的效果

金冠苹果土施多效唑的效果对１５年生干周６０─９０ｃｍ的金冠苹果树，在肥水条件良好，每年秋季株施粗肥３００ｋｇ，并于３、６、９月分别追肥浇水，花期加强人工授粉，搞好疏花疏果的情况下，于１９９１年秋季在树盘内开环状沟，株施多效唑１７ｇ，１９９３年调查结果...     

土施多效唑对杏李树新梢生长的控制试验

2009年在濮阳市职业技术学院生物系实验实训基地,进行了土施多效唑试验以探索多效唑对杏李新梢生长的控制作用,及土施多效唑最佳使用量。结果表明:3 a生杏李树以在发芽前,土施多效唑1.2 g/cm为宜。     

土施多效唑对甜油桃生长和结果的影响

近年来 ,国内外对多效唑在桃树上的应用有不少报导 ,它有效地抑制桃树新梢及副梢的生长 ,对果实增大也有一定效果 ,从而减轻繁重的夏季修剪工作 ,有利于桃树的密植栽培。同时 ,对花芽分化也有明显的促进作用。本试验在甜油桃芽萌动前进行 ,取得了良好的效果。1　材料与方法试验于 1 998年 3月 1 0日在松溪县花桥乡村头村进行。选择生长健壮、树势一致的3年生甜油桃维坊 2号 3行 ,每行 1 5株为一个处理。处理 1为土施多效唑 3ｇ/株 ,处理2为土施多效唑 4ｇ/株 ,处理 3为对照。1 999年 3月 1 2日在旧县乡旧县村再次进行试验 ,选用早熟甜油桃艳…     

The effect of paclobutrazol injected into the soil on vegetative growth and yield of Vitis vinifera L., cv. Thompson Seedless

Summary

Grapevines, cv. Thompson Seedless were treated with the plant growth regulator paclobutrazol in the spring of 1984. The treatments consisted of four soil application rates (including a zero control) of paclobutrazol on two phenological dates (budbreak and bloom). Vegetative growth, as measured by pruning weight, vine yield and fruit maturity characteristics, were determined in 1984 and in the next three growing seasons. There was no significant difference in vine yield between treatments at harvest in 1984; however, the fruit of vines receiving paclobutrazol at budbreak had accumulated less sugar at that time. Paclobutrazol application significantly (P < 0.01 ) reduced pruning weights in 1984 for all vines receiving paclobutrazol. Only the highest rate of paclobutrazol significantly reduced pruning weights in 1985. The number of clusters per vine and yield were significantly less for the treated vines than for the control ones in 1985 and 1986. Pruning weights in 1986 and yield in 1987 showed no significant differences between treatments. The results indicate that a single soil application of paclobutrazol was effective in reducing vegetative growth of Thompson Seedless grapevines for a period of two years if the rate of application was greater than 1.1 kg a. i. ha^-1. However, the adverse effect of this growth regulator on vine yield indicate that it would be of little practical use when applied via the soil to this seedless cultivar.     

多效唑在苹果树体内的残留及其在抑制生长中的作用

通过盆栽试验显示,土施多效唑后植株生长受到强烈的抑制,抑制效果可在当年维持整个生长季节.第二年更换土壤、除去多效唑后,体内贮存的多效唑可以抑制植株生长约半个生长季.土施情况下,多效唑抑制作用的多年持续效果,主要靠植株从土壤中不断吸收新的多效唑.     

多效唑对桃树生长和结果的影响

应用多效唑对桃树进行土施和叶面喷布等不同方法,不同剂量的试验。土施0.125～1.0g/m~2,叶面喷布500ppm×2以上的浓度都可有效地抑制植株营养生长。它降低了新梢生长长度,抑制了副梢的发生和生长,以及干周的增长。多效唑在抑制营养生长的同时也促进了生殖生长,有效地促进花芽形成,降低了始花节位,增加了成花节位数和复花芽节位数。对果实大小也有促进作用。成倍地提高了早期产量。施用同等剂量,土施的效果优于叶面喷布。在我国中部地带,陇海沿线沙壤土上以0.25/m~2的剂量为好,第二年以后用量减半。在土施情况下它的“呆滞期”只1.0～1.5个月。土施应在旺盛生长前1.5～2.0个月以前施入。     

The effect of paclobutrazol on the growth of cider apple trees,cv Michelin,when applied to orchard alleyway swards to suppress grass growth

Summary

Paclobutrazol was applied, with or without mefluidide, to the grassed alleyways between the bare soil tree lines in a bush cider orchard cv Michelin. The chemical not only suppressed grass growth but, in the year following application, produced typical paclobutrazol effects on the trees in adjacent rows including a reduction in growth.     

果梅幼树对春施~(15)N-硫铵的吸收与分配

以盆栽3年生细叶青梅/毛桃为试材,研究了早春施用~(15)N-(NH_4)_2SO_4条件下,果梅对~(15)N的吸收分配规律。结果表明:由于春季土温较低,限制了植株对肥料氮的利用率。在新梢旺长期,植株从肥料氮中吸收的氮素营养主要用于新生器官的建造,且新梢成为~(15)N的主要分配中心,其次即为果实,再其次为细根。至花芽分化期,植株的生长中心已发生转移和分散,但春施氮对促进当年生枝的花芽分化和维持叶片正常光合功能仍有重要作用,此期亦是根系生长的关键时期之一,且与贮氮相比,春施氮更有利于当年新根的萌发和根系的扩大。     

Influence of rate and method of application of superphosphate on the growth and nutrient status of newly planted peach trees

A field experiment was carried out with newly planted peach trees to determine the influence of both rate and method of application of superphosphate on tree growth and nutrient status during the first growing season. Superphosphate was applied at planting at rates ranging from ¼ to 9 lb per tree, and applications were made either to the soil surface, in the planting hole, under tree roots, or in a band around the tree at a depth of 6 inches. Trees were grown under straw mulch and were irrigated as required.

Results showed that, in this soil of low initial ? content, trees receiving 9 lb superphosphate on the soil surface or in a ring band grew significantly larger than trees receiving ¼ lb superphosphate per tree (this applied for butt circumference only on surface-treated trees), but high rates of superphosphate in the planting hole or under tree roots resulted in tree death. No significant differences in growth were recorded at harvest between surface and ring-banded treatments at any phosphate rate, but leaf analysis in midsummer and tree analysis at harvest showed that the phosphate status of surface-treated trees was significantly higher than that of ring-banded trees.

At low rates of superphosphate (¼ and 1 lb per tree), surface treatment tended to give larger trees at the end of the growing season than band treatment, but differences were not significant. It is thought that this differential response occurred because the phosphate-fixing potential of the soil increased sharply with depth and hence band applications were inefficient unless very high rates of superphosphate were used.

The tree damage observed when high rates of superphosphate were applied in the planting hole or under tree roots was probably due to a combination of osmotic stress, acidity damage to the roots and possibly toxic nutrient levels in tree tissues. Hence high rates of superphosphate should not be placed close to tree roots at planting.

Leaf analysis in midsummer and tree analysis at harvest showed that the main effect of superphosphate application was on the ? status of the trees, and maximum tree growth in the surface and band treatments corresponded to a value of approximately 0.28% ? (dry weight basis) in the leaves. The efficiency of uptake of applied superphosphate was very low at all rates of application and was especially so at high rates. However, positive growth responses were recorded to 9 lb superphosphate per tree in surface and banding treatments. It is suggested that, although most of the applied superphosphate could not be utilized, tree growth rate was proportional to the concentration of ? in the soil zone which could be exploited by the roots.     

日光温室番茄畦上覆膜沟灌增产和节水效果分析

以番茄品种东圣1号为试材,以传统沟灌为对照,研究了畦上覆膜沟灌(膜上沟灌和膜下沟灌)对番茄生长、产量及水分生产效率的影响。结果表明:在灌水量减少的情况下,膜上沟灌保持根区0～40cm土层墒情的能力高于其他灌溉方式;膜下沟灌更有利于番茄的生长发育,植株长势较好,并且较传统沟灌显著增产11.34%;相对于传统沟灌,膜上沟灌和膜下沟灌分别节约灌溉用水31.33%和27.00%,水分生产效率提高50%以上。     

复合植物生长调节剂延迟李树和桃树花期试验

以桃树、李树为试材,研究乙烯利、矮壮素、多效唑、赤霉素、6-BA、防落素、水杨酸、黄腐酸、抗坏血酸、金利丰、高施美等植物生长调节剂或提高植物抗逆性的药剂不同配比混合液对李树、桃树生长特性和抗逆性的影响。结果表明:配方1号为最佳配方,可以延迟李树、桃树花期10d以上,能够有效防止果树花期春霜危害。     

吐鲁番市日光温室蔬菜不同种植模式水分利用效率调查

为明确吐鲁番市设施蔬菜水分高效利用的合理灌溉方式，调查了沟灌和滴灌对吐鲁番市日光温室早春茬哈密瓜、黄瓜、辣椒和番茄产量、效益和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：在吐鲁番市，滴灌哈密瓜每667 m² 产量比沟灌高100 kg，每667 m²纯收入多1 017.6 元；滴灌黄瓜、辣椒和番茄每667 m²产量和经济效益均稍低于沟灌；但滴灌哈密瓜、黄瓜、辣椒和番茄的水分利用效率和水分经济利用效率比沟灌高1～3 倍。综合考虑，滴灌是吐鲁番市日光温室蔬菜生产中应重点推广的灌溉方式。     

Influence of pre-planting applications of nitro-chalk,superphosphate, sheep manure and a fertilizer mixture,in factorial combination,on the growth of one-year-old peach trees

A field experiment was carried out with one-year-old peach trees to determine the influence of applications of nitro-chalk (N), superphosphate (P), sheep manure (SM), and a fertilizer mixture (X), in factorial combination, on tree growth during the first growing season. Fertilizers were mixed into the soil at planting sites about two weeks before tree planting.

Maximum tree growth was achieved when 3 lb. P and 36 lb. SM were applied per tree. However, all fertilizers depressed leaf bud development and early shoot growth and, in a few cases, application of 3 lb. N per tree resulted in tree death. It is concluded that heavy rates of these fertilizers should not be applied to planting sites prior to planting young peach trees. Rather, it appears from seasonal growth measurements that fertilizers should not be applied to newly planted trees until late spring (November).

The only consistent and significant interaction occurred between N and SM. Application of SM increased tree growth more in the absence of N than in its presence; i.e. the SM acted as a nitrogen source. SM depressed tree growth early in the growing season, probably because some of its components are readily soluble. However, later in the season it promoted growth and partly alleviated the detrimental effect on tree growth induced by 3 lb. N per tree. It is evident from calculated concentrations of elements per planting site that the SM treatment supplied larger quantities and a wider range of elements than the inorganic fertilizers.

In the absence of an N × SM interaction trees grew better if given nil or 1 lb. N than if they were given 3 lb. N. For some growth parameters, trees also grew significantly better if given 1 lb. N rather than nil.

Application of a fertilizer mixture containing potassium sulphate, magnesium carbonate, lime, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulphate, borax, Chel-138 iron chelate, and manganese sulphate to planting sites significantly depressed tree growth throughout the growing season, but this may have been due to molybdenum toxicity, although no visual symptoms were present.