桑叶低聚糖对大口黑鲈生长性能以及肠道消化酶活性、免疫功能和菌群的影响

本试验旨在探究饲料中添加桑叶低聚糖（MLO）对大口黑鲈生长性能以及肠道消化酶活性、免疫功能和菌群的影响。试验选择平均初始体重为（26.89±1.16） g的大口黑鲈幼鱼450尾,随机分成3组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾。对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲料的基础上添加0.5%和1.0%MLO的试验饲料。试验期80 d。结果表明：1）与对照组相比,试验组大口黑鲈饲料系数（FCR）和脏体比（VSI）显著降低（P<0.05）,1.0%MLO组肝体比（HSI）显著降低（P<0.05）。2）与对照组相比,试验组大口黑鲈肠道α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性显著提高（P<0.05）,试验组肠道绒毛高度、绒毛宽度和肌层厚度均无显著差异（P>0.05）。3）与对照组相比,试验组大口黑鲈肠道菌群Sobs指数、ACE指数和Chao1指数显著降低（P<0.05）;0.5%MLO组Simpson指数显著高于对照组和1.0%MLO组（P<0.05）。在门水平上,与对照组相比,试验组大口黑鲈肠道厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）相对丰度显著降低（P<0.05）,肠道...     

氯化胆碱使用量对大口黑鲈生长、饲料利用及形体指标的影响

以商业配方为基础,研究不同水平的氯化胆碱添加对大口黑鲈生长、饲料利用及形体指标的影响.试验使用不同梯度氯化胆碱(0,0.3％,0.6％)制作膨化饲料在池塘网箱中饲喂大口黑鲈(44.87±0.15g)60天.结果表明对于40-160g大口黑鲈,添加0.3％和0.6％的氯化胆碱组加州鲈增重率和特定生长率显著提高(P＜0.0...     

饲料中添加植酸酶对大口黑鲈生长及鱼体营养成分的影响

用添加不同水平植酸酶(0、500、1000、1500U/kg)的饲料喂养初始体重为23g左右的大口黑鲈56d,研究植酸酶对大口黑鲈生长及体营养成分的影响。试验分4组,1组为对照组(不添加植酸酶),2～4组为试验组(分别添加植酸酶500、1000、1500U/kg)。结果显示,饵料中添加1000U/kg植酸酶能显著促进大口黑鲈的生长,降低饵料系数;肝体指数随植酸酶添加量的增加呈下降趋势,4组的大口黑鲈肝体指数最低,与对照组相比呈显著性差异(P<0.05);添加植酸酶对大口黑鲈肌肉营养成分无显著性影响(P>0.05)。试验证明,植酸酶能有效提高大口黑鲈的生长与降低肝体指数。     

饲料中添加酵母提取物对大口黑鲈生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫力的影响

试验旨在研究饲料中添加酵母提取物（YE）对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫力的影响。选取360尾初重为（14.05±0.28）g的幼鱼,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾。CON组、YE2组、YE4组、YE6组分别配制YE水平为0、2 000、4 000、6 000 mg/kg的4组等氮（约49%）等脂（约11%）饲料。试验期60 d。结果显示,YE6组大口黑鲈的增重率和特定生长率显著高于CON组（P<0.05）,饲料效率和蛋白质效率显著高于CON组和YE2组（P<0.05）。YE4组和YE6组大口黑鲈肠道中蛋白酶和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著高于CON组与YE2组（P<0.05）。YE6组大口黑鲈前肠的肌层厚度和绒毛高度显著高于CON组（P<0.05）。YE4组和YE6组大口黑鲈肠道中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-15(IL-15)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达量显著低于CON组（P<0.05）;所有YE组大口黑鲈肠道中转化生长因子-β (TGF-β)和雷帕霉素靶蛋白（TOR）的表达量显著高于CON组（P<0...     

大口黑鲈对FS蛋白饲料的消化率及其饲养生长效果试验

大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides,又名加洲鲈),为肉食性鱼类。该鱼自80年代初引入我国后繁殖、饲养成功,在生产上得到迅速发展。大口黑鲈肉质鲜美、价高,在养殖生产上已获得了可观的经济效益。但目前生产上,均投冻鲜鱼或活鱼饲养,每生产1公斤大口黑鲈,需6～7公斤饲料鱼,饲料鱼的蛋白质(16%计)转换效率很低,仅为14～17%。这对于我们动物蛋白饲料资源缺乏的国家,如何充分利用和开发新饲料蛋白源是极其重要的。因此本试验用 FS蛋白饲料,对大口黑鲈进行了消化率和饲养生长的试验,具有现实意义。材料与方法1.饲料配方测定 FS 蛋白饲料消化率的配方,参考 Cho(1982)方法,消化率及     

不同木薯淀粉水平对全养殖周期大口黑鲈生长性能、饲料利用和形体指标的影响

研究旨在探讨不同木薯淀粉水平对全养殖周期大口黑鲈生长性能、饲料利用和形体指标的影响。使用木薯淀粉8%、11%、15%制作3组饲料,在池塘网箱中将2250尾初始体重46 g的大口黑鲈按照木薯淀粉水平随机分为3组,饲养192 d,期间取样3次,养殖阶段分为63 d(D63)、134 d(D134)、192 d(D192)。结果表明,整个养殖周期,15%木薯淀粉组大口黑鲈增重率、特定生长率最低,其中在D63和D192养殖阶段,显著低于8%木薯淀粉组（P<0.05）;11%木薯淀粉组在D63和D134养殖阶段,生长表现与8%木薯淀粉无显著差异（P>0.05）,在D192养殖阶段,11%木薯淀粉组增重率和特定生长率均显著低于8%木薯淀粉组（P<0.05）。整个养殖周期,随着木薯淀粉水平的提高,大口黑鲈饲料系数升高,大口黑鲈脏体比、肝体比和白肝比例升高。综合大口黑鲈生长、饲料利用等指标,建议350 g以内和350 g以上的大口黑鲈饲料中木薯淀粉的使用量分别不超过11%（饲料淀粉含量11.48%）和8%（饲料淀粉含量9.43%）。     

饲料中猪肉粉部分替代鱼粉或鸡肉粉对全养殖周期大口黑鲈生长性能、饲料利用和形体指标的影响

研究旨在探讨饲料中使用猪肉粉部分替代鱼粉或鸡肉粉对全养殖周期大口黑鲈生长性能、饲料利用和形体指标的影响。以含20%秘鲁日本级鱼粉和22.6%鸡肉粉为对照组（标记为C）,使用猪肉粉8%、16%分别替代鱼粉（分别标记为FM8、FM16）或鸡肉粉（分别标记为PM8、PM16）,按照等氮等能原则制作5组饲料。在池塘网箱中将2500尾初始体重55 g的大口黑鲈随机分为5组,饲养186 d,期间取样3次,养殖阶段分为60 d(D60)、122 d(D122)、186 d(D186)。结果表明,整个养殖周期,各实验组较对照组成活率无显著差异（P>0.05）。增重率和特定生长率方面,FM8在D 60养殖阶段显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。饲料利用方面,各实验组较对照组饲料系数在D60和D122养殖阶段无显著差异（P>0.05）;在D186阶段随猪肉粉使用水平升高,饲料系数提高,FM16和PM16组显著高于C组和FM8组（P<0.05）。替代后,全养殖周期,C组大口黑鲈肥满度均高于其他各组,在D186阶段,FM16组和PM16大口黑鲈肥满度显著低于C组（P<0.05）;各组...     

不同直链淀粉/支链淀粉对大口黑鲈饲料加工特性、营养物质表观消化率和肠道消化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究不同直链淀粉/支链淀粉（AM/AP）对膨化颗粒饲料加工特性的影响以及对大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmonids）营养物质表观消化率和肠道消化酶活性的影响。配制AM/AP分别为0(D1)、0.22(D2)、0.56(D3)、1.18(D4)、2.62(D5)的5种等氮等脂等淀粉的试验饲料,将初始体重为（2.15±0.04） g的600尾鱼平均分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,养殖试验持续56 d。结果表明：D4组饲料硬度、膨化度和淀粉糊化度显著低于D1、D2组（P<0.05）,与D5组没有显著差异（P>0.05）;D4组大口黑鲈增重率、特定生长率和饲料系数显著高于D1组（P<0.05）;D4组干物质表观消化率和粗蛋白质表观消化率显著高于D1组（P<0.05）;D4和D5组粗脂肪表观消化率和淀粉表观消化率显著低于D1和D2组（P<0.05）;D4组肠道总蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性显著高于D1组（P<0.05）,脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性显著低于D1组（P<0.05）。综上所述,饲料中AM/AP升高会降低膨化饲料的淀粉糊化度和膨化...     

饲料中添加植酸酶对大口黑鲈消化率的影响

<正>植酸酶是降解植物性饲料中植酸(肌醇六磷酸酯)及其盐类的一种酯酶[1]。植酸对蛋白质有抗营养作用,是一种抗营养因子,降低了动物对蛋白质的利用率[2]。植酸酶能水解植酸,最终释放出无机磷,同时断裂蛋白     

pH值胁迫下维生素C对大口黑鲈非特异性免疫的影响

用不同维生素C水平(添加量分别为0、500、1000、2000、4000mg/kg)的5种饲料喂养初始体重为19g左右的大口黑鲈45d,每个处理4尾,各处理3个重复,研究24h不同pH值胁迫下维生素C对大口黑鲈非特异性免疫的影响。结果显示:在酸性pH值(pH值为5.5)胁迫下,饲料中添加维生素C能促进大口黑鲈血清中溶菌酶和超氧化物歧化酶活力,与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);在碱性pH值(pH值为10.5)胁迫下,饲料中添加维生素C能显著促进大口黑鲈血清中溶菌酶和超氧化物歧化酶活力,且随着饲料中维生素C添加水平的提高,大口黑鲈溶菌酶和超氧化物歧化酶活力显著上升。试验证明,维生素C作为抗应激增强剂能有效地提高大口黑鲈的非特异性免疫能力,从而提高其抗应激能力。     

糖萜素对鲫鱼消化酶活性的影响

本试验测定了饲养30d鲫鱼的肠道和肝胰脏中蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性。结果表明,在基础饲料中添加1000mg/kg糖萜素能显著提高鲫鱼肠道和肝胰脏中的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性(P<0.05),且效果优于基础饲料中添加4mg/kg的黄霉素组。     

玉米肽对黄鳝生长及肠道消化酶活性的影响

试验旨在研究玉米肽对黄鳝生长及肠道消化酶活性的影响.试验挑选600尾黄鳝随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾.对照组(GYF)黄鳝饲喂42％鱼粉的黄鳝商品饲料,处理组分别饲喂32％鱼粉(YM0)、32％鱼粉+1.5％玉米肽(YM1.5)和32％鱼粉+3.0％玉米肽(YM3.0),试验期8周.结果 显示,与GYF组...     

Effect of probiotic on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of Arbor Acres broilers

The effect of probiotic, Bacillus coagulans NJ0516, on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of Arbor Acres (AA) broilers was investigated. Strains NJ0516 were added to commercial basal diets as probiotic at three final concentrations: T-1, 1 × 10⁶ cfu g⁻¹; T-2, 2 × 10⁶ cfu g⁻¹ and T-3, 4 × 10⁶ cfu g⁻¹, respectively. Twelve groups, of 30 broilers, with three replicates for each treatment group (T-1, T-2 and T-3) and the control group treated without probiotic were used. After 49 days, broilers receiving the diets supplemented with probiotic showed significantly better growth performances including final weight and daily weight gain (DWG) than those fed the basal diet (control). As for feed conversion ratio (FCR), T-2 and T-3 showed lower value (P < 0.05) than the control. However, there was no significant different in final weight, DWG and FCR between T-1, T-2 and T-3 and the survival rate was not affected (P > 0.05) by the dietary treatments. The higher protease activities were observed in T-2 and T-3 (P < 0.05) compared with the control and T-1. However, there was not significantly different (P > 0.05) between T-2 and T-3 in protease activity. Amylase activity in T-1, T-2 and T-3 was remarkably higher (P < 0.05) than that in the control. Significantly higher amylase activity was observed in T-2 compared with that of T-1. There was no remarkable difference (P > 0.05) in amylase activity of T-2 compared with that of T-3, even though there was a tendency for increased activity. As for lipase activity of duodenum in broilers, assays showed no difference in all treatment groups. It showed that probiotic, B. coagulans NJ0516 administration in feed with a certain concentration displayed a growth promoting effect and increased the protease and amylase activities.     

Effect of age, weaning and diet on digestive enzyme levels in the piglet

Thirty-seven pigs were used to evaluate the effects of age and weaning on the level of protease in the gastric mucosa and trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in the pancreas. There was a positive allometry of the pancreas and gastric mucosa associated with age and with weaning to a solid diet. Increases with age in total activity of chymotrypsin, trypsin, amylase and gastric proteases were due to increases in both tissue weight and enzyme activity per gram of tissue. A general depression in pancreatic enzymatic activities, but not in gastric proteolytic activity, was found during the first week following weaning. Forty pigs were used in a second trial to evaluate the effects of age and weaning diet on the same digestive enzymes. Total activity of all enzymes assayed increased with time postweaning. Increases in total activity of lipase and chymotrypsin were due primarily to increased pancreatic weight postweaning. Amylase, trypsin and gastric protease increases were due both to increased tissue weight and increased activity per gram of tissue. There were no effects of diet on the weight of gastric mucosa or the level of activity of the gastric proteases. Pigs fed a diet containing 20% whey had larger pancreases (P less than .10) at slaughter and a greater, but nonsignificant, mean activity per gram of pancreas for all pancreatic enzymes. It appears that the pig has sufficient pancreatic and gastric enzyme activity so that performance should not be limited, with the possible exception of the period shortly after weaning. However diet digestibility and subsequent pig performance may be more directly related to the extent of release of these enzymes into the intestine and the conditions that exist therein.     

植酸酶对奥尼罗非鱼生长、表观消化率与消化酶活性的影响

将600尾奥尼罗非鱼随机分成5组,第1组为对照组,投喂基础日粮,另外4组为试验组,投喂基础日粮中分别添加0、500、1000、1500、2000 U/kg的植酸酶.连续投喂70 d,测定了鱼的体重及消化酶活性.结果表明:与对照组相比,添加1000～1500 U/kg植酸酶均显著提高了鱼体增重率、干物质及磷表观消化率;与对照组相比,添加1000 U/kg植酸酶显著提高了肠道蛋白酶与淀粉酶活性.     

半胱胺对罗非鱼生长和肝胰脏消化酶活性的影响

研究了饲料中添加不同水平的半胱胺（Cysteamine,CS）对尼罗罗非鱼生长和肝胰脏消化酶活性的影响。试验分别设添加爱渔灵（含半胱胺盐酸盐30%）0（对照组）、300（300组）、600（600组）和900mg/kg（900组）饲料4个组,每一饲料组设3个水族箱,每箱放鱼30尾,日投喂率为体质量的3%,饲养45d。结果表明,半胱胺添加组鱼的体增质量均高于对照组,且300组相对于对照组差异显著;半胱胺添加组的饵料系数均低于对照组,且300组相对于对照组差异显著。胰蛋白酶活性随半胱胺添加量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,300组最高,但组间差异不显著;肝胰脏淀粉酶活性900组最高,组间差异不显著;脂肪酶活性300组最高,组间差异不显著。以上结果显示,饲料中适量添加半胱胺,能提高罗非鱼肝胰脏胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性,由此提高罗非鱼对饲料营养物质的消化能力,以适应机体快速生长的营养需求。     

加州鲈对15种饲料原料体外消化率的测定

采用"胃-肠"两步法测定了加州鲈(Micropterus salmoides)对15种饲料原料的体外消化率,并与银鲈(Bidyanus bidyanus)体内消化率数据进行了比较。结果表明:加州鲈对秘鲁鱼粉、喷干血粉、豆粕、花生麸、玉米蛋白粉、酵母膏、破壁酵母7种原料的体外消化率较高(干物质>45%,蛋白质>71%),对玉米、DDGS消化率较低(干物质<17%,蛋白质<61%),且大部分原料的体内、外消化率结果具有极显著的相关性(P<0.01)。体外消化率的结果可为加州鲈饲料原料的选择提供参考依据。     

Pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of enrofloxacin in the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) after oral administration

The study was carried out to evaluate the pharmacokinetic disposition of enrofloxacin (ENF) with a single dose of 20 mg/kg after oral administration in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) at 28°C. The concentrations of ENF and of its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CIP) in plasma, liver, and muscle plus skin in natural proportions were determined using HPLC. The concentration–time data for ENF in plasma were best described by a two-compartment open model. After oral administration, the maximum ENF concentration (C_max) of 10.99 μg/ml was obtained at 0.60 hr. The absorption half-life (T_1/2Ka) of ENF was calculated to be 0.07 hr whereas the elimination half-life (T_1/2β) of the drug was 90.79 hr. The estimates of area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F) were 1,185.73 μg hr/ml and 2.21 L/kg, respectively. ENF residues were slowly depleted from the liver and muscle plus skin of largemouth bass with the T_1/2β of 124.73 and 115.14 hr, respectively. Very low levels of ciprofloxacin were detected in the plasma and tissues. A withdrawal time of 24 days was necessary to ensure that the residues of ENF + CIP in muscle plus skin were less than the maximal residue limit (MRL) of 100 μg/kg established by the European Union.