基于OPGD模型的昆明市植被NPP时空演变及驱动机制

[目的]厘清植被净初级生产力（NPP）演变规律及驱动因素对测算植被的固碳能力和支撑碳交易等具有重要的意义。[方法]基于MODIS-NPP数据,运用Theil-Sen Median趋势法和Mann-Kendall检验法分析2001—2020年昆明市植被NPP的时空动态特征,并采用参数最优地理检测器（OPGD）模型揭示气候、地形和人为因素对植被NPP的影响机制。[结果] 1)昆明市植被NPP在空间上呈“西高-东低”的分布格局,并以7.08 g/（m²·a）(以C计)的速度显著增加。2)植被景观破碎化程度加剧,在空间上破碎度与植被NPP错位分布,其对植被NPP时空分布有显著负向作用。3)植被NPP变化是气候、人为活动和地形因素共同作用的结果。其中,核归一化植被指数（kNDVI）、地表温度、植被景观破碎度解释力强于气温、降水和坡度等因子,因子间交互作用能更好地解释植被NPP的时空变化。[结论]昆明市2001—2020年植被NPP总体呈增加态势,但主城区少部分地区形势不容乐观,未来应综合统筹,科学推进生态保护与社会经济的协调发展。     

Relationship between Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Response Index in Winter Wheat

Although nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of small grains is well documented at 33% worldwide, there has been little research relating NUE to yield factors. This study examined the relationship between NUE and the response index at harvest (RI_HARVEST) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Yield data from a long-term fertility study established at Lahoma, Oklahoma in 1971 was used to explore the relationship. In this report, six nitrogen (N) rates at non-limiting levels of P and K were evaluated. Regression analysis showed a positive relationship between NUE and RI_HARVEST for all years across all N rates (r² = 0.37). But this relationship was improved (r² = 0.45) when both RI_NDVI and RI_HARVEST were included in the model. The linear relationship between NUE and RI_HARVEST was significantly improved, when yield data and corresponding NUE were separated according to the annually applied fixed N rate. As the N rate increased the resulting slope of the relationship between NUE and RI was reduced. These analyses also demonstrate that temporal variability in NUE exists and that NUE can be predicted.     

陕西省丹江流域NDVI分布及其与土地利用的关系

植被覆盖是陆地生态系统的主体,研究植被空间分布格局与土地利用之间的关系,对于生态环境保护和水土流失防治具有积极意义.以南水北调中线工程水源地,丹江流域为研究对象,利用MODIS 250 m NDVI数据,结合地理信息系统技术,对丹江流域NDVI等级分布图和DEM图叠加,得到NDVI在不同海拔、坡度和坡向等地形因子的分布情况,并且与土地利用进行相关分析.结果表明:1)丹江流域NDVI平均值为0.84,表明流域植被覆盖较好.高植被覆盖分布于流域边缘高山区,东北和东南较集中;中植被覆盖分布于丹江流域河道两侧川塬区和低山区,西北和南部较集中;低植被覆盖位于丹江流域川道区,呈点和线状分布.2)不同海拔和坡度,植被覆盖面积呈单峰分布,平地的植被覆盖面积接近0;不同坡向植被覆盖面积差异不明显.3)除坡向外,不同海拔和坡度,高、中植被覆盖与耕地、林地和草地显著相关;不同地形因子下,低植被覆盖与建设用地和水域显著相关.丹江流域植被覆盖度与人类活动范围呈逆向分布,说明人类活动对植被分布影响较大;优化土地利用,适当增加林地覆盖面积,有利于提高丹江流域的水土保持功能.     

基于NDVI的汶川大地震前后北川县次生地质灾害区植被破坏评估

选取北川县"5.12"大地震前后2个时相的遥感数据,利用归一化植被指数(NDVI)提取2期影像的植被信息,以此为基础,反演植被覆盖度,采用破坏指数DDI(the damage degree index)表示3种灾害类型区域震后植被破坏情况。结果表明:1)研究区内共解译滑坡103处,崩塌122处,泥石流10处,灾害面积共计17.5 km2,震前85%以上区域处于中植被覆盖度以上级别,震后中植被覆盖度以上级别土地面积减少8.01 km2,占灾害区域总面积的45.77%;2)滑坡区域植被破坏程度相对较低,中度及重度破坏的面积占总灾害面积的68.66%,崩塌区域植被破坏程度次之,中度及重度破坏的面积占总灾害面积的88.15%,泥石流区域的植被破坏最彻底,中度及重度破坏的面积占总灾害面积的99.74%;3)植被破坏与海拔、坡度有一定关系,破坏较严重的地区主要集中在海拔611～1 543 m、坡度25°～45°范围内,植被破坏主要集中在重度破坏这一级别,并随海拔、坡度增加而增加,植被破坏与坡向关系不大。     

Monitoring land degradation using remote sensing and GIS techniques in an area of the middle Nile Delta,Egypt

Detecting soil degradation and recognizing its various types is a necessity to take the practical measures for combating it as well as conserving and keeping the agricultural soil healthy.