小反刍兽疫病毒细胞膜受体的鉴定

【目的】对小反刍兽疫病毒（Peste des petits ruminants virus,PPRV）H蛋白胞外区（tH）细胞膜受体进行鉴定,为PPRV致病机制的研究奠定基础。【方法】克隆PPRV H基因胞外区（tH）,在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中进行真核表达,纯化后免疫家兔,获得兔抗PPRVtH蛋白特异性抗体;提取山羊外周血淋巴细胞膜蛋白,经SDS-PAGE检测后,湿转印法转印至NC膜,分别利用纯化的重组tH蛋白和PPRV进行病毒铺覆蛋白结合试验（VOPBA）,对受体进行鉴定。【结果】成功克隆了1 653 bp的PPRV tH基因,构建其重组酵母表达质粒pPIC9K-tH,诱导表达后获得了60 ku目的蛋白。重组tH蛋白免疫家兔后获得了效价为1∶200的抗血清。Westernblotting分析发现,该重组蛋白可与PPRV多克隆抗体发生特异性反应,山羊外周血淋巴细胞膜蛋白上有2个与PPRV和重组tH蛋白结合的蛋白带,分子质量约为38和100 ku。【结论】从山羊外周血淋巴细胞膜蛋白上鉴定到了2种与PPRV结合的蛋白组分,其特性有待于进一步研究。     

表达MDVgB基因重组痘苗病毒的构建及保护性研究

以脂质体转染技术构建了表达鸡马立克氏病毒(MDV)gB基因的重组痘苗病毒(RVV-gB), 表明该病毒在CV-1(猴肾细胞)细胞系内能稳定传代,经腹腔1×106 PFU·羽 -1 将重组病毒、HVT冻干苗及痘苗病毒分别按试验程序,免疫1日龄SPF鸡,并于15日龄以3×10 2PFU·羽-1MDV强毒株GA株攻毒,重组病毒和HVT冻干苗匀获得较高的保护, 结果证明了gB是MDV的宿主保护性抗原.此研究为CTL应答检测奠定了基础.     

Tolerance to sheep red cells: breakage with thymocytes and horse red cells

Mice rendered tolerant to sheep red cells and then given normal thymocytes, made no antibody when immunized with these cells. When immunized with horse red blood cells, however, they made significant amounts of noncross-reacting antibody to sheep red blood cells. This suggests that antibody-making precursor cells (B cells) which are nontolerant but nonactivatable by specific antigen, may exist in tolerant hosts.     

整合猪瘟病毒囊膜蛋白的假型鼠白血病病毒感染性的研究

通过反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)扩增了猪瘟病毒(CSFV)的E0、E2和E012基因并进行了克隆与鉴定。构建了真核表达载体pcDNA-E0、pcDNA-E2和pcDNA-E012,通过与鼠白血病病毒(MuLV)假型病毒构建体系的两种质粒pHIT60和pHIT111瞬时共转染人胚肾细胞(293T),48h后收集假型病毒上清液,将假型病毒上清液超速离心后用抗CSFV的多抗进行Western-blot检测。结果证明E012蛋白能够在假型病毒颗粒表面表达,说明E012能够整合到此病毒粒子表面;用其感染多种宿主细胞,48h后检测发现在猪肾细胞(SK6,PK15)和猪睾丸细胞(ST)上,标记基因LacZ能有效表达,证实构建的CSFV假型病毒具有感染性。     

牛红细胞源抗菌肽的分离纯化与活性鉴定

【目的】分离纯化牛红细胞中的抗菌肽(Antimicrobial peptides,AMPs),并对其体外抗菌活性进行初步检测。【方法】以中国荷斯坦奶牛血液为材料,通过离子交换层析法和反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)纯化抗菌肽,用琼脂糖平板扩散法测定其抗菌活性,并用质谱法测定其分子质量。【结果】牛血液红细胞粗提物经离子交换层析获得的阳离子峰有抗菌活性;阳离子峰经RP-HPLC纯化后,共得到4个峰(F1、F2、F3和F4),其对大肠杆菌均具有抗菌活性,F1峰和F3峰对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抗菌活性,仅F1峰对白色念珠菌具有抗菌活性;经质谱分析,F1峰纯化肽的分子质量为2 562.40 u。【结论】成功地从牛红细胞中分离纯化到了AMPs;F1峰中AMPs的抗菌谱较广,抗菌活性较强。     

A "D"-like antigen in rhesus red blood cells and in Rh-positive and Rh-negative red cells

A "D"-like antigen has been demonstrated in human and rhesus red cells. These red cells, as well as heat extracts of human blood (Rh-positive or Rh-negative), induce formation of "D"-like antibodies in guinea pigs. These antibodies, when exposed to rhesus red cells or to Rh-positive or Rh-negative red cells, yield eluates of "D"-like specificity.     

Uncoupling of the spectrin-based skeleton from the lipid bilayer in sickled red cells

The distribution of spectrin and band 3 in deoxygenated reversibly sickled cells was visualized by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Antibodies against band 3, the major lipid-associated transmembrane protein, labeled the entire cell body, including the entire length of the long protruding spicule, whereas antibodies against spectrin labeled only the cell body and the base region of the spicules. The results suggest that the formation of long spicules during sickling is associated with a continuous polymerization of hemoglobin S polymers, presumably through gaps in the spectrin-actin meshwork, and a subsequent uncoupling of the lipid bilayer from the submembrane skeleton.     

Structure and receptor specificity of the hemagglutinin from an H5N1 influenza virus

The hemagglutinin (HA) structure at 2.9 angstrom resolution, from a highly pathogenic Vietnamese H5N1 influenza virus, is more related to the 1918 and other human H1 HAs than to a 1997 duck H5 HA. Glycan microarray analysis of this Viet04 HA reveals an avian alpha2-3 sialic acid receptor binding preference. Introduction of mutations that can convert H1 serotype HAs to human alpha2-6 receptor specificity only enhanced or reduced affinity for avian-type receptors. However, mutations that can convert avian H2 and H3 HAs to human receptor specificity, when inserted onto the Viet04 H5 HA framework, permitted binding to a natural human alpha2-6 glycan, which suggests a path for this H5N1 virus to gain a foothold in the human population.     

Deformation of red blood cells in capillaries

The shapes of red blood cells in capillary blood vessels are reinterpreted from observations of human red cells. The parachute or umbrella shape often observed is not an axisymmetric shape as formerly assumed, but is the basic biconcave disk shape of the red cell with the upstream end flattened by the pressure gradient.     

Detergent-solubilized RNA polymerase from cells infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus

The foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA polymerase complex was dissociated from cellular membranes with deoxycholate in the presence of dextran sulfate. The soluble polymerase complex was active in the cell-free synthesis of virus-specific RNA; solubilization of the complex permitted direct analysis of the cell-free reaction mixtures without recourse to RNA extraction. A major RNA-containing component found early during cell-free incubation ranged from approximately 140 to 300S. The final major products of the cell-free system were 37S virus RNA, 20S ribonuclease-resistant RNA, and a 50S component containing RNA.     

Inflammation and herpes simplex virus: release of a chemotaxis-generating factor from infected cells

Infection of primary rabbit kidney cells with herpes simplex virus leads to the release of a cell factor or factors that upon incubation with serum results in the cleavage of the fifth component, C5, of complement. The product of this cleavage, C5a, is chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes and could be responsible for the accumulation of these cells at the site of herpetic lesions.     

两个西南马种GHR基因第10外显子SSCP分析

通过PCR-SSCP检测10匹宁强矮马和12匹贵州马GHR基因第10外显子的多态性分析,结果表明,宁强矮马和贵州马GHR基因外显子10的第2和第4区域的保守性较高,基因多样性相对较低,第1和第3区的遗传变异较大,基因多样性水平较高。分析比较发现宁强矮马GHR基因外显子10的多态性比贵州马稍高,首次表明宁强矮马在GHR10上存在较大的遗传多态性。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒新流行株主要糖蛋白的分子特征分析

【目的】进一步了解猪伪狂犬病毒新流行株的遗传特征。【方法】对从安徽某猪场分离的1株猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)AH株进行遗传进化分析及主要糖蛋白gB、gC、gD、gE的序列分析。【结果】PRV AH株与国内2011年以来的流行毒株非常相似,但与Bartha株及其他国外毒株遗传关系较远;国内流行毒株与Bartha株及其他国外毒株相比,其主要糖蛋白均存在明显的连续氨基酸的缺失和插入,且部分突变位点位于这些糖蛋白的重要功能区。【结论】从分子水平上解析了PRV新流行株与疫苗株Bartha株的遗传差异,为进一步深入研究Bartha株疫苗免疫失败的原因提供了理论依据。     

EDEM as an acceptor of terminally misfolded glycoproteins released from calnexin

Terminally misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are retrotranslocated to the cytoplasm and degraded by proteasomes through a mechanism known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD). EDEM, a postulated Man8B-binding protein, accelerates the degradation of misfolded proteins in the ER. Here, EDEM was shown to interact with calnexin, but not with calreticulin, through its transmembrane region. Both binding of substrates to calnexin and their release from calnexin were required for ERAD to occur. Overexpression of EDEM accelerated ERAD by promoting the release of terminally misfolded proteins from calnexin. Thus, EDEM appeared to function in the ERAD pathway by accepting substrates from calnexin.     

槲皮素对过氧化氢诱导的人红细胞过氧化损伤的抑制作用

目的 :观察槲皮素对H2 O2 诱导的人红细胞过氧化损伤的抑制作用。方法 :用健康成人静脉血制成 1%红细胞 (RBC)悬液 ,分为损伤组、槲皮素组 (槲皮素 +H2 O2 )、丹参组 (丹参注射液 +H2 O2 ,作为阳性对照 ) ,孵育后测定RBC溶血度和RBC悬液中丙二醛 (MDA)浓度。结果 :槲皮素组和丹参组的溶血度及MDA的含量均低于损伤组 (P <0 .0 1) ,且与药物浓度有一定的量效关系。同样浓度的槲皮素、丹参对溶血度的影响差异无显著性 (P均 >0 .0 5 ) ,而在降低MDA含量的效果上 ,槲皮素优于丹参 (P均 <0 .0 1)。结论 :槲皮素能抑制H2 O2 引起的人红细胞溶血和红细胞脂质过氧化作用。     

桔梗总皂苷与其总次皂苷溶血效应的比较研究

采用分光光度法测定桔梗总皂苷、桔梗总次皂苷对兔血的体外溶血反应。结果表明:溶血作用明显,总皂苷与总次皂苷的溶血率-时间曲线均呈S形,其溶血不是匀速的;总皂苷的溶血作用小于总次皂苷。