实验动物日本大耳白兔高效饲养关键技术

实验动物饲养的环境控制、营养控制都有严格的国家标准，生产单位实行“生产许可证”制度。但在日常饲养管理过程中，由于种种原因。一些细节问题容易被忽视，导致生产效率低下。笔者多年从事实验动物饲养管理工作，现就实验动物日本大耳白兔的高效饲养关键技术作一介绍。     

常用小鼠的饲养与管理要点

小鼠作为实验动物广泛应用于科学实验、教学、检验等各方面，作为宠物饲养在市场上也大受欢迎，有很大的饲养价值。特别是作为实验动物，因为要求严格，现在市场紧缺。省科技厅已把发展实验小鼠作为一个科技项目，列入2005年工作计划。本人在工作中总结出一些饲养管理技术要点。     

实验动物微生物学质量控制及效果观察

以SPF级（无特殊病原体）动物为种源，采取综合防治措施，在屏障设施饲养清洁级实验小鼠和大鼠。经过两年饲养繁育的结果表明：动物微生物学质量符合清洁级动物国家标准，质量控制效果显著。     

SPF级实验动物屏障系统的建立及运营分析

对兰州生物制品研究所实验动物室502SPF级动物的饲养及管理情况进行了初步研究,总结了SPF级动物饲养屏障系统的建立及运营管理经验,尤其在人员物品管理、环境消毒、设备维护等几个方面。结果表明,初步建立了良好的SPF级实验动物饲养的技术平台,为SPF级实验规范化以及规模化生产奠定了基础。     

啮齿类实验动物垫料的选择和消毒

垫料的主要作用是为了使实验动物生活在舒适环境中并维持笼内的清洁。实验动物垫料直接与机体接触，对实验动物的微环境有重大影响，并进而影响实验动物的质量和动物实验的结果。使用标准化的垫料以及垫料的消毒灭菌处理是饲养合格标准实验动物的关键因素之一。     

实验用猫的饲养管理探索初报

本文旨在探索在实验动物普通环境中饲养、繁育实验用猫的可行性,为药品检验提供来源清晰、质量可靠的实验用猫。从广州市郊农村引进7只本地幼年家养猫进行实验动物驯化饲养、繁殖。结果发现,家养猫在实验动物普通环境条件下,经过实验动物化的驯化饲养、管理,不仅能够适应笼养饲养管理方式,且生长发育良好,繁育能力强。另外,还可以适应集体笼养的标准化实验动物的饲养管理方式,传代繁殖顺利,为后继研究,培育标准化实验猫品种打下良好基础。     

提供实验动物适宜的饲养环境

近年来，实验动物饲养发展迅速．养殖品种多，在科学技术领域中广泛应用．畜牧科学方面．疫苗的制备和鉴定、生理试验、胚胎学研究、畜禽传染病研究以及营养饲料的分析等都利用实验动物．在饲养动物时．不仅要了解和掌握一般动物知识，特别要重视动物和饲养环境．1温度温度变动缓慢，在一定范围内．机体可以本能地进行调节与之适应．但变化过大或过急．机体将产生行为和生理等不良影响，影响动物的生长发育．一般哺乳类动物，当温度过低时．常致性周期的推迟．而温度超过30C时，则雄性动物出现睾丸萎缩，产生精子的能力下降；雌性动物出现…     

屏障设施内实验动物感染风险分析与应对措施

近年来,越来越多的科研单位使用屏障设施饲养实验动物,如何降低屏障设施内的实验动物被外来病原感染成为重要话题。本文从病原传播途径分析了实验动物的感染风险,着重讨论了针对病原传播途径的饲养管理以及应对措施。     

吉林省实验动物真菌感染状况调查

吉林省实验动物真菌感染状况调查陈振文，陈秀芬，姜永和，任文陟，母连志，宋德光，崔宗虎（农牧大学实验动物中心，长春１３００６２）真菌病多为人畜共患病。实验动物如感染有皮肤真菌，不仅影响科学实验的准确性，而且对饲养和实验人员的健康也可造成危害。为了了解吉...     

兽医在动物实验工作中的作用

我国医学事业的发展带动了实验动物医学和动物实验的迅速发展。实验动物兽医负责实验动物的饲养管理,疾病的预防、诊断、治疗及动物伦理和福利等工作,重要性突显。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.