Ocular oncology

Neoplasia can affect all ocular tissues. The clinical appearance of ocular neoplasia can vary considerably depending on the specific tissue involved. Intraocular neoplasia may mimic or incite ocular inflammatory disease in addition to causing hyphema or secondary glaucoma. Intraocular neoplasms can be primary tumors or may be secondary to metastatic disease or systemic neoplasia. Primary neoplasms, metastatic tumors, tumors extending from adjacent structures, and systemic neoplasms can also affect the adnexal tissues. Many ophthalmic tumors are histologically benign but are locally invasive and, within the confined space of the eye or orbit, can produce significant tissue distortion. Certain ocular neoplasms, such as many canine eyelid tumors, are amenable to simple excision and can be adequately managed in general practice. The evaluation and treatment of other ophthalmic neoplasms, however, may require the additional equipment available only in larger specialty practices, such as computed tomography and radiation therapy. Early diagnosis of ocular neoplasia is an important aspect of successful management.     

燕麦的繁殖分配与繁殖输出

在不同密度条件下，燕麦的繁殖能力与个体大小等关系行存以下4个方面的表现：1．繁殖分配比例值变化不明显；2．个体大小与密度梯度呈负相关；3．繁殖体数量与密度梯度呈负相关；4．繁殖体重量在密度梯度上的差异不显著     

Amphibian oncology.

Spontaneous neoplasia is rare in all three orders of Amphibia.Tumors are documented in most major organ systems, and some have various underlying etiologies, including viral infection, environmental contaminants, and genetic predisposition. Currently,treatment options are limited to removal of the predisposing condition(s), palliative care, surgical excision, and, when necessary,humane euthanasia may be elected. Neoplasia must be distinguished from common infectious, nonneoplastic conditions that can negatively impact population health. This article is a review of the more common types of neoplasia in amphibians, and includes clinically relevant information, such as biologic behavior,anatomy, associated etiologies, major differential diagnoses, and clinical management.     

Reproductive laparoscopy

Reproductive laparoscopy can be used to examine, photograph, and perform surgery on the internal reproductive organs of both the male and female of many species of animals. The equipment and teaching have been adapted from human medicine. This article discusses laparoscopy's use in this context in small and large animals and non-domestic species both in captivity and in the wild.     

Comparative oncology today.

The value of comparative oncology has been increasingly recognized in the field of cancer research, including the identification of cancer-associated genes; the study of environmental risk factors, tumor biology, and progression; and, perhaps most importantly, the evaluation of novel cancer therapeutics. The fruits of this effort are expected to be the creation of better and more specific drugs to benefit veterinary and human patients who have cancer. The state of the comparative oncology field is outlined in this article, with an emphasis on cancer in dogs.     

Electrochemotherapy in veterinary oncology

Electropermeabilization is a method that uses electric field pulses to induce an electrically mediated reorganization of the plasma membrane of cells. Electrochemotherapy combines local or systemic administration of chemotherapeutic drugs such as bleomycin or cisplatin that have poor membrane permeability with electropermeabilization by direct application of electric pulses to the tumors. Preclinical studies have demonstrated excellent antitumor effectiveness of electrochemotherapy on different animal models and various tumor types, minimal toxicity, and safety of the procedure. Based on results of preclinical studies, clinical studies were conducted in human patients, which demonstrated pronounced antitumor effectiveness of electrochemotherapy with 80-85% objective responses of the treated cutaneous and SC tumors. Clinical studies in veterinary oncology have demonstrated that electrochemotherapy is very effective in the treatment of cutaneous and SC tumors of different histologic types in cats, dogs, and horses. The results of these studies have also demonstrated approximately 80% long-lasting objective responses of tumors treated by electrochemotherapy. Primary tumors of different histologic types were treated. Electrochemotherapy in veterinary oncology has future promise to be highly effective, and could be used to treat primary or recurrent solitary or multiple cutaneous and SC tumors of different histology or as an adjuvant treatment to surgery.     

Reproductive emergencies.

The emergency clinician is frequently called on to manage problems relating to the female reproductive tract. Because owners sel-dom have the medical knowledge needed to differentiate normal from abnormal reproductive behaviors, they frequently look to the emergency veterinarian for guidance and information during and after parturition. For this reason, it is essential that the veterinarian have a good understanding of the normal reproductive cycle as well as the common emergencies that may occur. This article reviews the events surrounding normal parturition in the dog and cat and the reproductive emergencies seen most commonly in practice.     

外源性生殖激素对多浪羊繁殖性能的影响

2009年3～10月,在新疆喀什地区麦盖提县多浪羊繁育基地进行多浪羊繁殖的调控研究。将试验羊按年龄和体重配对分成3组:对照组(自然发情组),不做激素处理;试验1组:于埋栓的第10天开始以3天6次法递减臀部肌肉注射促卵泡素(FSH);试验2组:于撤栓前48h注射孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)500IU。同时于试验开始第10天、配种后第10天,分别从各组随机抽取10只母羊进行空腹采血,采用放射免疫法测定血清中绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)、雌二醇(E2)、促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)、孕激素(P4)的含量。结果表明:(1)对照组的发情率为53.33%低于试验1组和2组;对照组的受胎率为81.25%,高于试验1组和2组;对照组产羔率为87.5%,高于试验1组和2组;对照组产双羔率为15.38%,低于试验1组和2组。(2)在多浪羊的同期发情、诱导双羔的试验中,外源性的激素组合PG+CIDR+FSH+hCG作用效果较好。     

Avian Reproductive Disorders

Avian reproductive disorders are commonly diagnosed in pet birds, backyard flocks, and commercial aviaries. Birds that are diagnosed with reproductive disorders can present with a variety of clinical signs that range from benign disorders to life-threatening emergencies. In many cases there are underlying husbandry and management issues that need to be addressed. This article will address the presenting signs of common reproductive disorders in avian species and the best approaches to determine appropriate diagnostic and treatment plans.     

生殖激素对绵羊繁殖性能影响的研究进展

影响绵羊产业效益的因素中,繁殖性能最为重要。研究发现多种生殖激素可以调控绵羊的繁殖性能。论文综述了促性腺激素释放激素、促卵泡素、促黄体素、孕酮、雌二醇、褪黑激素、促甲状腺素、甲状腺激素这8种激素对绵羊繁殖性能影响的新进展,为生产实践中绵羊繁殖性能的提高提供科学依据和新思路。     

公猪繁殖障碍治疗与生殖保健技术的研究

对性欲正常、精液品质下降和精液品质正常、性欲降低的公猪分别采用3个疗程进行恢复性处理,对由于各种应激造成的公猪生殖能力下降的公猪实施生殖保健。结果表明,经过处理,性欲正常、精液品质下降的公猪于处理后2个疗程后逐渐恢复正常,而性欲降低的公猪采用综合技术方案处理后,在短期内其性欲得到较快的恢复（第1疗程后）。对性欲差的公猪,采用配套的方案处理后,其恢复正常机能的时间比精液品质差的公猪时间要短（P〈0．01）,5月份与9月份处理的公猪,其恢复正常性欲的时间无明显差异（P〉0．05）。并分析了饲养管理因素对公猪性欲与生殖的影响,探讨了公猪生殖障碍克服与生殖保健的技术原理。     

繁殖障碍奶牛生殖系统的超声检查

应用B超诊断法对黑龙江省几个奶牛场的繁殖障碍奶牛进行卵巢和子宫检查,获得了奶牛卵巢和子宫疾病的超声影像图,并分析了引起奶牛不孕的卵巢和子宫疾病的超声影像图特点,以期为B超诊断奶牛繁殖障碍疾病提供参考。     

Communicating with oncology clients.

Empathic, honest, and consistent communications that establish realistic goals and focus on quality of life (during and after therapy) for pets with cancer provide the basis of an excellent client-veterinarian relationship. From this foundation, a client can team up with his or her veterinarian to make the best possible decisions for the pet and for himself or herself regarding care for the companion animal.