鸡脾转移因子对鸡新城疫、传染性法氏囊病活疫苗免疫效果的影响

鸡脾转移因子（TF）与鸡新城疫活疫苗和法氏囊活疫苗配合使用，免疫雏鸡。结果显示，在ND-HI抗体较低时，TF对新城疫活疫苗有免疫增强作用，而在母源抗体水平较高时，免疫增强作用不明显。本次试验中，TF对法氏囊活疫苗未显示明显的免疫增强作用。     

转移因子对猪流行性腹泻疫苗免疫效果的影响

为了验证转移因子(transfer factor,TF)对猪流行性腹泻疫苗的免疫增强效果,试验用猪转移因子与猪流行性腹泻和猪传染性胃肠炎二联活疫苗对猪只进行联合免疫,采用ELISA方法检测免疫后不同时间血清中猪流行性腹泻病毒(Pporcine epidemic diarrhea virus, PEDV)特异性IgG变化情况,并测定不同阶段血液内淋巴细胞比率。结果表明:转移因子与活疫苗联合免疫时抗体水平极显著高于单纯疫苗免疫(P0.01),且高水平表达时间持续较长。另外,经联合免疫的猪只淋巴细胞比率明显增加(P0.05)。说明转移因子可以作为猪流行性腹泻活苗的免疫增强剂。     

猪脾转移因子增强几种重要禽疫苗免疫效果的测试研究

为研究猪脾转移因子(TF)对禽疫苗的免疫增强作用,采用血凝抑制(HI)试验和琼脂凝胶扩散沉淀(AGP)试验方法测试了TF分别与鸡新城疫(ND)病毒活疫苗、禽流感(AI)病毒灭活疫苗、鸡传染性支气管炎(IB)病毒灭活疫苗、鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)病毒活疫苗联合接种SPF鸡后抗体效价(log2x)动态变化(共4个试验组),同时运用ELISA法评估了所采用免疫程序(上述前3种疫苗与TF同时接种后第7天,进行上述第4种疫苗与TF的联合接种)对SPF鸡外周血IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-10的影响(试验组5),于接种上述第4种疫苗后的7,14,21,28,35,42d检测细胞因子,均设立对照组(上述禽疫苗单独接种)和空白组(非疫苗接种)。结果显示,接种后7,14,21,28,35,42d,试验组的ND血凝抑制(HI)、AI HI、IB HI和IBD琼脂扩散沉淀(AGP)抗体效价均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),分别提高了1.1~1.4,1.0~1.3,0.7~1.4,0.9~1.6;试验组的IL-2、IFN-γ和IL-4浓度分别于接种后7,14,21d显著高于对照组和空白组(P<0.05),各组的IL-10浓度差异不显著。研究结果表明,TF可增强NDV活疫苗、AIV灭活疫苗、IBV灭活疫苗和IBDV活疫苗的免疫效果。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗对SPF雏鸡的免疫效果

用鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗和活疫苗分别免疫1日龄SPF雏鸡,免疫后9d观察法氏囊病变,免疫后14、21、28d对各组鸡采血测定IBDV中和抗体,21d及28d时用强毒攻击,计算各组疫苗保护率。结果表明,免疫后9d免疫复合物疫苗组鸡法囊正常,活疫苗组鸡法氏囊全部明显萎缩;免疫后14、21、28d,免疫复合物疫苗组鸡IBDV中和抗体分别为2.9±0.99、8.1±0.88和10.6±1.78,活疫苗组IBDV中和抗体分别为3.3±1.14、8.3±1.16和9.2±1.23,免疫后21d及28d疫苗免疫组均100%保护。试验证明免疫复合物疫苗比活疫苗更为安全,免疫复合物疫苗免疫SPF雏鸡产生比活苗更高的IBDV中和抗体,保护率达100%。     

雏鸡免疫法氏囊疫苗对禽流感疫苗免疫抗体的影响试验

雏鸡免疫法氏囊病毒活疫苗的同时免疫禽流感疫苗,可能会影响后者血清中HI的产生。对两组雏鸡分别免疫两种法氏囊疫苗,在免疫后不同间隔期免疫同批号禽流感疫苗并测其HI,结果证明免疫法氏囊病毒活疫苗B87株后,间隔至少1周再免疫禽流感疫苗,其HI才能达到合格标准(≥26.0)。而免疫法氏囊病基因工程疫苗对免疫禽流感疫苗抗体的产生无明显影响。     

法氏囊提取液对新城疫活疫苗免疫效力的影响

本文对鸡法氏囊提取液与ND活疫苗的使用方法进行了分析。通过血凝抑制抗体滴度的测定结果表明,预先接种鸡法氏囊提取液时,经肌肉注射、口服和点眼滴鼻接种方式均能提高ND疫苗免疫鸡的抗体产生能力,且经肌肉注射法最佳。但是,在整个试验期间,法氏囊提取液只能增强鸡群对ND活疫苗的早期免疫应答,而法氏囊提取液与ND活疫苗同时使用时更能刺激免疫鸡群的早期抗体产生水平。     

免疫增强剂对IBD疫苗免疫雏鸡局部黏膜免疫功能的影响

分别将免疫增强剂“禽福”和“Inmunair”与鸡传染性法氏囊病（IBD）中等毒力活疫苗配合使用,检测免疫雏鸡哈德尔氏腺和盲肠扁桃体T细胞及IgA、IgM和IgG抗体生成细胞数量。泪液、气管液、胆汁、肠液中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA含量的动态变化,结果发现,应用免疫增强剂IBD疫苗免疫雏鸡上述局部免疫组织及四种局部体液的相应各项免疫检测指标均较IBD疫苗单独免疫雏鸡不同程度地增高,表明免疫增强剂与疫苗联合应用,能显著提高疫苗免疫雏鸡眼部、呼吸道和消化道局部黏膜免疫功能;而IBD强毒攻击后,疫苗单独免疫雏鸡上述指标明显低于应用免疫增强剂的疫苗免疫雏鸡,同时。后者对IBD强毒攻击的有效抵抗力明显高于前者。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病活疫苗(NF8株)生产工艺的参数优化

鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)是由传染性法氏囊病病毒引起的、主要侵害幼龄鸡的一种急性、高度接触性传染病。用于防治IBD的疫苗有活疫苗、灭活疫苗和其他疫苗。我国已经批准新兽药注册和进口注册的IBD活疫苗很多,包括低毒力株活疫苗、中等毒力株活疫苗和中等偏强毒力株活疫苗。中等毒力株活疫苗NF8株既具有一定毒力,可突破一定水平的母源抗体,又不引起法氏囊不可逆的损伤。在制苗用毒液的制备工艺环节中,由于毒种不同的稀释倍数、鸡胚不同的培养时间,对鸡胚死亡的高峰时间、收获单产结果都不同。为了得到更稳定的产品质量,适应大规模生产还需要进一步优化疫苗的生产工艺参数。     

不同来源鸡传染性法氏囊病疫苗的免疫效果观察

为了研究商品蛋雏鸡传染性法氏囊病疫苗的免疫程序,对MB株活疫苗、G606株活疫苗和B38株活疫苗3株传染性法氏囊病活疫苗进行了疫苗毒力、免疫效果及对新城疫疫苗免疫影响的观察。结果表明,MB株活疫苗毒力最强,G606株活疫苗次之,B38株活疫苗毒力最弱;突破母源抗体能力强弱依次为MB株活疫苗、G606株活疫苗、B38株活疫苗,其中B38株活疫苗产生的抗体滴度最高,MB株活疫苗次之,G606株活疫苗最低;MB株活疫苗可降低新城疫疫苗产生的血凝抑制抗体滴度,G606株活疫苗和B38株活疫苗对此无影响。     

雏用IBD活疫苗的使用方法和经济效益

鸡的传染性法氏囊炎(IBD)是侵害与体液免疫有关的法氏囊,引起免疫抑制,因而导致鸡的抗病性降低或引起对各种疫苗的抗体产生能力下降的一种疾病。IBD病毒在日本分布很广,并且对多种疾病有重大影响,因此,必须考虑防疫对策,开发疫苗。现正在研究直接免疫雏鸡的活疫苗以及免疫种鸡利用其转移抗体预防雏鸡IBD的灭活疫苗和活苗。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …