The experiments of seed germinating of Dioscorea nippnica Mak

IntroductionDiOscoreaniPpniCaMakisanimportanttraditionalChinesemedicinaImaterialwithsignificanteconomicvalue.Inrecentyears,asimpactofresourcesex-ploitationagainstD.niPpnbe,itspopulationdistribu-tionandamountofgrowingstockhavedecreasedconstantlyAsaresuIt,thisspecieshasbeenlistedatnationaIsecondrankpreservepIants(Xie1995).Itisurgenttosurveytheresourcesandstudyitsendan-geredmechanismofD.'ntoPniCa.Speciessurvivalrelayonreproduction,andeveryspecieshasaspecialreproductivestrategylnad-vancedpl…     

云南甜龙竹和黄竹种子灭菌条件和萌发特性初步研究

目的]筛选云南甜龙竹和黄竹种子最佳表面灭菌条件,研究其萌发特性。[方法]筛选NaClO(2%、3%、4%)与HgCl_2(0.01%、0.1%)最佳消毒浓度组合;采用流水冲洗时间(6、12、18 h)、2%NaClO浸泡时间(5、10、15 min)和0.1%Hg Cl_2浸泡时间(5、10、15 min),设计正交试验实验,探讨2种竹种最佳表面灭菌处理的时间组合,并对竹种分别在滤纸、MS培养基以及经3 mg·L~(-1)GA_3浸泡后在MS培养基上的发芽率进行了探讨。[结果]NaClO、Hg Cl_2最佳消毒浓度组合为2%NaClO+0.1%HgCl_2;2种竹种最佳表面灭菌时间组合均为:流水冲洗6 h、2%Na Cl O浸泡10min、0.1%HgCl_2浸泡15 min,经此处理后云南甜龙竹和黄竹的发芽率分别为84.4%、72.2%,污染率分别为18.7%、29.6%。不同处理种子萌发率差异t检验结果显示:2种竹子种子是否经过3 mg·L~(-1)GA_3浸泡,对其在MS培养基上的发芽率无显著影响,但种子在MS培养基上的发芽率显著高于滤纸上的发芽率。经相同处理黄竹的发芽率均低于云南甜龙竹。[结论]云南甜龙竹、黄竹最佳表面灭菌组合均为:流水冲洗6 h、2%NaClO浸泡10 min、0.1%HgCl_2浸泡15 min;3 mg·L~(-1)GA_3浸泡处理对云南甜龙竹和黄竹种子在MS培养基上的发芽率无显著影响,但MS培养基上种子的发芽率显著高于其在滤纸上的发芽率。     

Study on biological and ecological characteristics ofIps subelongatus Motsch

Ips subelongatus Motschulsky were raised indoors and in the field using fresh baits for study of biological and ecological characteristics during 1992–1994. The life cycle of the pest in Lishu County, Jilin Province was described. The study results indicated that temperature was a main factor affecting the development ofIps subelongatus. The initial temperature for development of egg, larva, pupa and adult was 6.1, 8.0, 10.3 and 9.8°C, respectively. To complete one-generation needs, respectively, 48 d at temperature of 18°C, 39 d at 20°C and 33 d at 22°C. The pest has different number of generations in different area as a result of temperature change. In Jilin Province, it generally has three generations, except that some individuals have 2 generations. The nature enemies for this pest areThanasinus substriatus, Tomimicobia seitneri Ruschk,Coeliodes sp. etc. Foundation item: This paper is part of key subject of the Ministry of Forestry (formerly)—The Systematic Control Technique ofIps subelongatus Motschulsky. Biography: G{upao} Chang-qi (1952-), male, research fellow in Jilin Forestry Academy. Responsibe editor: Chai Ruihai     

Relationship between trophic component of different poplar strains and occurrence ofSaperda poplnea

An experimental area of poplar was established in Songyuan of Jilin Province in 1999 for testing the resistance of different poplar stains toSaperda poplnea. Incidence ofS. poplnea on ten poplar strains were investigated, and the main trophic component of branches of these poplar trees were measured and analyzed in April 2001. The results showed that there existed significant difference in population size ofS. poplnea on different poplar strains, and the branches of these poplar strains have significant difference in nutrient component and content of amino acids. The population size of this pest had a significantly positive correlation with dissolvable total sugar and water content but had no significant correlation with content of total nitrogen and protein nitrogen. Foundation Item: This paper is part of the subject of integrated control of longicorn of poplar for mainly focusing on pest resistance, which was supported by Jilin Provincial Forestry Department (96-010). Biography: Gao Chang-qi (1949-), Research Fellow, Doctorate Tutor, Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Science, Changehun 139931, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

Thermogenetic curves and thermokinetics of seed germination ofRobinia pseudoacaia

Seed germination process has closely relation with material transformation and energy exchange within the seed. Study on its thermal effect is important for understanding the mechanism and the influencing factors of the seed germination. The thermogenetic curves of seed germination ofRobinia pseudoacacia was measured by a new-type conductive microcalorimeter made in Wuhan University. The relationship was analyzed between the germination thermogenetic regulation and seed germination physiology. The thermogentic curves were further analyzed by thermokinetic theory to obtain the dynamic parameters and the thermokinetic model on seed germination ofRobinia pseudoacacia. The relationship of the thermogenetic power (μ w) and the germination time(h) of the germination process of 20 grainsRobinia pseudocacia seeds at 25°C wasP=208.77/[0.1937+0.8063exp(−0.06563t)] Foundation item: This project is supported by National Nature Science Foundation (30070200). Biography: Hu Yun-chu (1960-), male, associated Prof. in Central South Forestry University, Zhuzhou 412006, Hunan, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

林地土壤及其真菌对毛红椿种子发芽及幼苗保存的影响

[目的]通过不同群落毛红椿天然林林地土壤及其真菌对种子萌发和幼苗存活影响的研究,探讨影响毛红椿天然更新的障碍因素。[方法]在江西九连山国家级自然保护区内的3个毛红椿天然优势群落中,分别取距离毛红椿母树3个不同距离(2.5、5.0、7.5 m)处的根区土壤和远离毛红椿母树(25 m以外)的非根区土壤,以非林地土为对照开展室内模拟播种和以根区土壤真菌的水或根系分泌物悬液对毛红椿幼苗进行灌根接种,观察种子萌发、幼苗存活和幼苗感病情况。[结果]各群落土壤中种子发芽均呈先上升后下降规律,且基本在第8 10天达到高峰;林地土与非林地土种子发芽率差异不显著,但林地根区土幼苗的存活率极显著低于非林地土和林地非根区土;距母树3个不同距离根区土的幼苗存活率差异不显著。灌根接种不同处理间幼苗存活率差异极显著,具体表现为接种RS2、RS5根区真菌的幼苗感病率显著高于根系分泌物及无菌水空白对照,且RS2真菌的根系分泌物悬浮液幼苗感病率显著高于其无菌水悬浮液。[结论]毛红椿种子萌发不受土壤环境的影响,但幼苗建成受根区范围内土壤的影响,根系分泌物和致病菌的互作显著降低幼苗保存率。由此推断,毛红椿根区土壤内存在幼苗的潜在致病菌及根系分泌物可增强其致病性。     

PEG模拟干旱对毛竹种子萌发及生长生理特性的影响

[目的]通过比较不同程度干旱胁迫对毛竹种子萌发及生长生理的影响,探究毛竹种子萌发期对水分胁迫的耐受机理,为毛竹的水分管理提供科学依据。[方法]以毛竹种子为试验材料,采用培养皿滤纸萌发的方法研究不同浓度(0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%) PEG-6000溶液对其种子萌发、生长、渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶活性的影响。并对种子萌发率、胚根和胚芽的生长量与PEG胁迫浓度间进行回归分析。[结果](1)对照组(CK)和5%处理组在第4天开始发芽,其余各处理组的发芽起始时间随处理浓度的升高逐渐延迟,25%处理组不发芽。(2)最终发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根长度、胚芽长度随PEG浓度的升高呈现先增大后减小的趋势,且均在5%浓度达到最大值。干旱胁迫下毛竹种子发芽率日变化曲线中对照组和5%处理组间存在唯一交叉点。毛竹种子在PEG胁迫下发芽率的临界值和极限值分别为14. 49%和19. 27%。(3)胚根和胚芽最终长度均在5%浓度时达到最大值,其后随着浓度的升高而减小,处理间差异显著(P 0. 05)。对照组和5%处理组的胚根平均长度日变化曲线存在交叉点。PEG胁迫下胚根生长的临界值和极限值分别为20. 43和23. 01%。(4)胚根中SOD、POD、CAT的活性均随PEG浓度的升高呈先上升后下降的趋势,且分别在5%、10%、10%浓度时达到最大值。(5) MDA和可溶性蛋白含量随PEG浓度的升高而持续升高,但低浓度(0%10%)时MDA含量差异不显著。[结论]低浓度干旱胁迫抑制发芽前期毛竹种子萌发以及胚根的形成,但显著提高毛竹种子的最终发芽率并且促进胚根后期的生长;而高浓度PEG干旱胁迫延迟毛竹发芽,抑制整个发芽时期的发芽率以及胚根、胚芽的生长; PEG浓度高于15%的干旱胁迫使毛竹的抗氧化酶系统发生紊乱,并对组织膜系统造成显著伤害。     

Characteristics of reproductive biology forLarix originating in Japan

The paper summarized the life cycle, environmental features and distributions ofLarix origination in Japan. The time of blooming and fruiting and the ways of cone collection and seeds storage were introduced. The treating methods of seeds germination and the sowing time for both Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Carr) and Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii var.japonica Pilger) were discussed. Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong     

岭南槭不同种源家系种子形态和幼苗生长变异

[目的]探讨不同种源家系岭南槭种子形态、种子萌发与幼苗生长的特性,分析它们与种源地地理气候因子之间的关系。[方法]对广东省岭南槭天然分布区的3个种源18个家系的种子表型性状、发芽特征、幼苗生长性状和叶色表现进行方差分析和相关性分析。[结果]表明:肇庆黑石顶(HSD)种源的种子最厚、最宽,深圳七娘山(QNS)种源的种子最薄、最窄,惠州南昆山(NKS)种源的种子最长,种子千粒质量最高;翅长与翅宽呈极显著正相关(P0.01),种子千粒质量与发芽率显著正相关(P0.05);岭南槭1年生幼苗地径与苗高成正比,幼苗生长受种源地的地理气候因子影响;在色彩表现方面,QNS3、QNS13家系的明度L*值较大,QNS13色相b*值显著高于其他家系,NKS14家系幼苗的色相a*值最大。[结论]种子千粒质量越高,发芽率越高;幼苗的地径苗高生长受种源地的地理气候因子影响。NKS14家系幼苗红叶特征最明显,色彩表现较好。     

Seedling culture ofKalopanax septemlobus

Experiments on temperature-accelerated germination, seeding quantity, and optimum density of seedling were made forKalopanax septemlobus. The experimental results indicated that the seeds ofkalopananx septemlobus had physiological dormancy because of unmature embryo and existence of inhibitory matter in the seed. Temperature-accelerated germination was a preferable and essential way to assure the germination. Seed dormancy could be overcome through accelerating germination. Firstly, warm treatment should be done, morphological maturity occurred, then, followed by lower temperature treatment, reaching physiological maturity. Seeding quantity, optimum density and the relations between density of seedlings and yield were studied. Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai     

Imbibitions, energy test and accelerated ageing in primed and non-primed seeds of Peltophorum dubium

Peltophorum dubium seeds were set to imbibe with four treatments, soaked with solution Captan 0.2% under 10and 27℃,PEG 6000 -1.0 MPa under 10 and 27℃. For each treatment there were four replicates with 40 seeds incubated in 9-cm Petri dishes with double filter paper moistened with testing solution. The imbibition curves showed that the final weight increase were from 70% to 150% in the treatments when imbibition entered a lag phase. Seeds were tested for effects on germination of five treatments: control group (nonprimed), primed with PEG6000 -1.0 MPa at 10 and 27℃, primed with Captan 0.2% at 10 and 27℃. For each treatment, there were three sub-treatments: seeds were soaked in distilled water for 12, 24 and 36h before the energy test. Germination percentages of nonprimed seeds and primed in PEG 27℃ soaked in distilled water during 12 h were the highest, reaching 100%. The lowest germination percentage occurred primed seeds with PEG6000 27℃ and soaked in distilled water during 36 h, which was only 52%. Germination mean time of primed seeds in PEG at 10℃, soaked 24 h was 1.08 days, mean time of primed seeds in PEG at 27℃ soaked 12 h was 2.42 days. Accelerated ageing results showed low or no germination after ageing 72 h. Control group had a higher germination percentage and seeds were more resistant to deterioration than those in primed groups, both in Petri dish (27℃) and vermiculate (room temperature).     

濒危植物无距虾脊兰种子无菌萌发与幼苗形成

[目的]揭示无距虾脊兰种子无菌萌发过程的形态特征和组织结构特点,为无距虾脊兰保育和离体快速繁殖提供参考依据。[方法]以浙江天目山无距虾脊兰野生居群为材料,采收其果实进行无菌萌发实验。通过形态观察和石蜡切片法,对种子萌发到幼苗初步形成过程进行细胞组织学研究,并对发育阶段进行划分。[结果]无距虾脊兰种子萌发的适宜基本培养基为VW培养基,椰子水对萌发具有促进作用,而香蕉泥对萌发具有抑制作用,在授粉后胚龄为4个月左右采收进行播种,萌发率最高。依据对其萌发过程中种胚膨胀、顶端分生组织的出现和发育、叶和根的分化等突出性状的观察,将无距虾脊兰种子萌发过程分为4个阶段。[结论]无距虾脊兰的种子无菌萌发过程主要由种胚吸水膨胀,原球茎的形成和分化2个生物学过程组成,其中,顶端分生组织、叶绿体和维管束为原球茎生长和发育过程中的重要结构。     

干旱胁迫下沙地赤松等松科植物种子萌发特性

[目的]以北方干旱区常用的3种松科植物沙地赤松、樟子松和青海云杉为研究对象,分析其种子萌发特性及对干旱胁迫的响应。沙地赤松为辽宁省固沙研究所于2014年筛选审定的新品种,目前在辽宁省生长状况良好,尚未有过其抗旱能力的相关研究。青海共和是高寒沙区,将沙地赤松与青海省常见的两种松科植物青海云杉和樟子松进行对比,以期为沙地赤松在青海引种试种提供参考。[方法]采用不同浓度PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫的方法进行种子萌发试验,利用模糊隶属函数对干旱胁迫下3种松科植物的种子相对发芽率、相对胚根长、相对胚芽长、萌发胁迫指数、萌发抗旱指数和萌发活力指数等6项指标进行综合评价。[结果]低浓度的PEG-6000溶液对3种松科植物种子萌发和胚根生长发育均有促进作用;随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,3种松科植物的发芽率、幼苗鲜质量、活力指数、萌发胁迫指数、萌发抗旱指数均呈先上升后下降的趋势;种子萌发期耐水分胁迫能力为沙地赤松樟子松青海云杉。[结论]沙地赤松比樟子松和青海云杉的抗旱性强,适宜在青海引种试种。     

两种兰科植物CaM及CML基因家族全基因组分析

[目的]探讨Ca M和CML基因家族在兰科植物不同组织和与菌根真菌建立共生关系过程中的潜在功能。[方法]依据已发表的拟南芥Ca M和CML基因家族蛋白序列,利用生物信息学方法对小兰屿蝴蝶兰和铁皮石斛全基因组进行搜索,通过多种生物软件或在线工具对Ca M和CML基因家族蛋白序列进行筛选及确定、蛋白结构分析、系统进化分析及结构域预测;利用转录组数据绘制heatmap图,对小兰屿蝴蝶兰不同组织(花、叶、茎、根)及石斛种子与美胞胶膜菌共生条件下Ca M和CML基因家族的表达情况进行分析。[结果]在小兰屿蝴蝶兰和铁皮石斛全基因组中均预测到4个Ca M蛋白和54个CML蛋白;小兰屿蝴蝶兰Ca M及CML家族基因中39个基因没有内含子,19个基因具有内含子;铁皮石斛Ca M及CML基因家族中有41个基因没有内含子,17个基因具有内含子;系统进化分析将小兰屿蝴蝶兰和铁皮石斛Ca M和CML蛋白家族各分为10个亚家族;小兰屿蝴蝶兰中9个基因在叶中的表达相对于花、茎、根为上调表达,2个基因在叶中的表达相对于花、茎、根却为下调表达; 3个基因在花中的表达相对于叶、茎、根为上调表达; 3个基因在花和叶中的表达相对于茎和根为上调表达;铁皮石斛中4个基因在与美胞胶膜菌共生萌发文库中的表达相对于非共生文库为上调表达; 4个基因在共生萌发文库中的表达相对于非共生文库为下调表达。[结论]Ca M及CML家族基因在兰科植物不同组织具有重要作用,且参与铁皮石斛种子与美孢胶膜菌共生萌发的生物学调控过程。     

miR396在落叶松体细胞胚胎中的功能研究

[目的]探讨miR396在落叶松体细胞胚胎发生中的功能.以期该研究能为解决体胚发育中子叶畸形胚与生根率低的问题提供新的视角,同时也为进一步揭示体胚发育的分子调控网络做基础铺垫.[方法]构建pre-miR396超表达载体,通过农杆菌介导侵染,将pre-miR396转入落叶松胚性细胞中,筛选稳定抗性细胞系.在DNA与RNA水平上,对抗性细胞系进行的鉴定、检测,同时统计比对其与野生细胞系间发芽率、叶片数目以及生根率的差异.[结果]在抗性细胞系基因组中,扩增出HTP与miR396的特异性片段,且无农杆菌Virg基因片段.RNA表达水平上,抗性系pre-miR396与miR396表达皆增加,而靶基因LaGRFs的表达量下调.统计表明抗性系胚的发芽率、生根率、叶片数目畸形率分别为70.60%、0.60%、37%,而野生型分别为92.50%、10.55%、4%,抗性系胚的发芽率、生根率显著降低(Sig.=0.000),叶片数目畸形率显著增加(Sig.=0.000).[结论]miR396在落叶松体细胞胚胎发生过程中,可能通过负调节靶基因LaGRFs的表达或者通过LaGRFs影响与它相互作用的基因,参与体胚子叶原基细胞代谢,从而影响了子叶与叶片的发育;通过负调节LaGRFs或者其它与根部发育相关的靶基因,影响了根端分生区细胞的活动,参与调控根的发育.     

Propagation techniques on root turion sprout browse ofPopulus davidiana Dode

The root segments selected from dominant trees ofPopulus davidiana Dode were taken as reproductive material and were buried in different depths to carry out the reproduction of root turion sprout. The affecting factors of gemination rate, survival rate, and height growth for cutting wood of root sprout were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the best suitable substrate for burying root is pearlite, with a germination rate of 15.16%. 3–4-cm root segments has the highest rate of germination (12.4%). The mixture of sand and soil (2∶1) is the best cutting substrate, with a survival rate of 81.3%, while as to height growth of cutting wood, the mixture of turfy and soil (1∶1) is the best. The cutting woods selected from different positions of stem show difference in height growth. The cutting wood from top stem is higher obviously than those from middle or low stem. Biography: XING Ya-juan (1969-), female, assistant researcher in Forest Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150040, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

Embryo culture and rapid propagation of Syringa

Embryo of lilacs (Syringa L) culture in vitro and the rapid propagation were studied. The orthogonal experiments, including the selection of basal medium, embryo age and other factors such as sugar, benzyladenine (BA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and glutamine (Gln), were carried out. The results indicated that the optimal medium for embryo culture was Monnier medium supplemented with NAA (0.001 mg.L^-1), BA (0.1 mg.L^-1), sugar (50 g.L^-1), and Gin (400 mg.L^-1), with a germination rate of 91.7% at least; the optimal embryo age was 50 d; and Gln had significant effects on the germination rate of embryo.Moreover, the optimal medium for subculture was MS BA (2 mg.L^-1) NAA (0.001 mg.L^-1) Gln (0.5 mg.L^-1), with the propagation coefficient of 3.6 at least.     

滇重楼种子内源激素含量与种胚长度和萌发的关系

[目的]通过研究滇重楼种子层积过程中不同阶段内源激素含量与种胚长度的动态变化情况来探讨种子休眠机理.[方法]应用酶联免疫吸附法测定不同阶段种子内激素含量.[结果]种子萌发过程中,脱落酸(ABA)含量由54.34 ng·g^-1·FW降至32.16 ng·g^-1·FW,赤霉素(GA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)显著升高,吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量波动较大,但整体呈逐渐升高趋势,随层积时间延长,未萌发种子中ABA含量持续降低,GA含量与GA/ABA值持续升高,仍显著低于已萌动种子中激素含量(p<0.05);种子在层积42天后,种胚开始膨胀,胚率快速增加;相关性分析结果,内源激素含量及比值与种胚生长呈显著相关(p<0.05),其中,GA/ABA值对种胚生长的影响最大.[结论]种子萌发过程中仅ABA含量降低不足以解除滇重楼种子休眠,同期GA含量升高和GA/ABA值达到某一阈值时能有效的解除滇重楼种子的休眠和促进胚的发育;种子在层积40天左右后,由于各项激素的综合作用,滇重楼种子由休眠状态逐步转变为破除休眠状态和萌发状态.     

Promotion of germination of coniferous seeds by snow stratification combined with dehydration-rehydration treatment

Five chemical and four non-chemical presowing treatments were tested on seeds of three conifers (Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr, Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv, and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.). By itself, cold stratification with snow for 60 days did not significantly improve the germination percentage over that of soaking the seed in warm water (45 °C) for 12 hours. However, including either one or two dehydration-rehydration cycles after the cold stratification did improve both the percentage and speed of germination of seed from all three species. Soaking seed for 12 hours in various chemicals (KNO₃, CaCl₂, CuSO₄, KMnO₄ and GA₃) before germination was less effective than the snow stratification followed by double dehydration-rehydration treatments (Chang and Lin, 1989).     

Study on the germination ofPaulownia tomentosa seeds in different provenances and its cluster

This paper dealt with the studying the germination percentage, germination potential and analyzing the germination of the seeds with different treatments by systematic statistics method. Seeds were collected from 14 provenances in September 1994. The results indicated that the germination percentage and germination potential of the seeds in various provenances were different. Both indexes in Nanchang, area was much lower than those in the rest provenances. The germination percentage and germination potential of the seeds in different provenance declined after the seeds were treated with aging for one year. The light treatment might promotes the germination percentage more effectively than the germination potential. In addition, fuzzy cluster may reflect the relationship among germination in different provenances. (Responsible Editor: Dai Fangtian)