不同保存条件对绵羊卵巢组织卵泡存活的影响

研究旨在通过组织学方法评估卵巢保存形式、温度、时间、保存液对绵羊卵巢组织短期保存以及培养后卵泡存活的影响。结果表明:碎块或整个卵巢组织39℃保存6 h或12 h后,正常卵泡比例与新鲜组织和其他组比较显著下降(P0.05)。经过6 d的组织培养后,在生理盐水中4、20℃保存6、12 h和39℃保存2 h以及在MEM中39℃保存2 h的组织碎块中正常卵泡比例显著低于整个卵巢保存后组织中正常卵泡比例(P0.05)。在MEM中4℃保存6 h或12 h,培养后卵泡存活率显著高于相同条件保存于生理盐水中的组织(P0.05)。此外保存12 h培养后正常卵泡比例显著低于保存2 h处理组(P0.05)。表明在生理盐水和MEM中整个卵巢4、20℃保存2~6 h,或者卵巢碎块20℃保存在MEM中2~6 h都可以用于卵巢体外培养的研究。     

Oocyte Morphology from Primordial to Early Tertiary Follicles of Yak

The objective of this study was to investigate the developmental morphology of yak oocytes from the primordial follicle to the tertiary follicle. Yak oocytes from resting primordial (n = 6), activated primordial (n = 12), primary (n = 9), secondary (n = 7) and early tertiary (n = 5) follicles were processed and analysed by light and transmission electron microscopy. The resting primordial follicular oocyte was characterized by relatively smooth surface on the oolemma, the accumulation of free and organelle‐related smooth (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), round or oval mitochondria, and polyribosomes on the surface of the RER and throughout the ooplasm. The activated primordial follicular oocyte was dominated by numerous coated pits and coated vesicles on the oolemma, and round mitochondria. Up to the secondary follicular stage the oocyte displayed an increase in the number of microvilli, polyribosome, Golgi complexes and mitochondria with distinct cristae. During the secondary follicular stage, formation of the zona pellucida, development of a desmosome‐like connection between the oocyte and the granulosa cells, formation of the cortical granules in the oocyte and elongated mitochondria in nearly all oocytes were seen. In the early tertiary follicular oocyte, the perivitelline space was present and a decrease in free SER and RER in the ooplasm occurred; finally, the nucleus migrated from an eccentric to a peripheral location. In conclusion, the growth of the yak oocyte is associated with the relocation and modulation of a number of cytoplasmic organelles as well as the development of oocyte‐specific structures such as the zona pellucida, desmosome‐like connection and cortical granules.     

羊卵母细胞冷冻保存研究进展

近年来,绵羊、山羊胚胎工程技术的快速发展致使对卵母细胞的需求量越来越大。此外,作为家畜种质资源保护体系的组成部分,卵母细胞也是保存优秀雌性家畜遗传资源的重要方式之一。然而,作为胚胎生物技术的重要环节,由于其自身特殊的结构功能特点,卵母细胞对低温和冷冻极其敏感,其冷冻保存研究水平远低于胚胎。因此,如何提高冷冻保存卵母细胞质量是低温生物学和胚胎生物技术研究领域的热点和难点。针对目前绵羊、山羊卵母细胞冷冻保存的最新研究进展和存在问题进行综述,同时针对如何进一步提高绵羊、山羊卵母细胞冷冻保存质量提出建议,以期为之后的研究工作提供理论指导。     

绵羊精液冷冻保存研究进展

绵羊精液保存技术目前虽然已进入生产应用阶段,但冷冻精液人工授精受胎率低仍是限制绵羊冷冻精液进行生产推广的重要因素。目前,对于绵羊精液冷冻的研究主要集中在冷冻稀释液组分和冷冻程序等方面。文章针对国内外有关绵羊精液冷冻保存稀释液、冷冻程序、解冻方法和冷冻损伤等研究进展作一综述,旨在对今后精液冷冻保存研究提供一定的参考。     

绵羊冷冻精液研究进展

随着肉羊产业化、工厂化的发展,冷冻精液人工授精技术亟待应用于生产中.绵羊精液冷冻保存技术虽然得到了快速发展,但目前仍处在试验研究或小范围的应用阶段.因此,绵羊精液冷冻技术还需要深入、系统的研究.文章从绵羊精液冷冻保存稀释液中的添加剂、冷冻速率、冷冻-解冻对绵羊冷冻精液品质的影响,精液输精对受胎率的影响等方面进行了综述,为精液冷冻保存研究提供一定参考.     

哺乳动物原始卵泡形成与发育的研究进展

在大多数雌性哺乳动物中,早期原始卵泡的形成主要包括3个过程：原始生殖细胞的迁移、生殖细胞减数分裂和生殖细胞巢破裂。原始卵泡形成与发育过程涉及到诸多因子和信号通路的调节作用,且原始卵泡库的大小及储备能力将决定雌性动物终生生殖能力。本文就参与原始卵泡形成和发育过程中的因子和信号通路作一综述,旨在深入了解参与原始卵泡形成与发育的细胞和分子机制,为维持原始卵泡库及促进原始卵泡激活提供研究思路。     

褪黑素对羊精液低温保存效果的影响

为研究精液低温保存稀释液中添加不同浓度褪黑素对羊精液低温保存效果的影响,本试验将不同浓度褪黑素(0、10、20、40、80mg/L)添加到羊精液低温保存稀释液中,通过分析5d内各组之间的精子活率、顶体完整性、质膜完整性、线粒体活性等精子质量评定指标的差异。结果表明:经过5d的保存,20mg/L试验组对山羊精液的精子活率、顶体完整率、质膜完整率以及线粒体活性均显著高于其他试验组(P0.05)。说明适度浓度(20mg/L)的褪黑素有利于提高精子保存品质;但随着添加褪黑素浓度的升高(至80mg/L),精子低温保存效果下降明显。     

鸡胚原始生殖细胞的冷冻保存和体外培养

采用Ficoll密度梯度离心,提取第19期(孵化72h)鸡受精蛋性腺中的原始生殖细胞(primordialgermcells,PGCs),用不同的冷冻保护液对PGCs采用提纯后直接冷冻保存和在培养体系中培养24h后再进行冷冻保存,7d后复苏,用台盼蓝染色检测其存活率,并用PAS染色对冷冻后的PGCs进行特异性鉴定。复苏后的PGCs在培养体系中培养5d后,更换为培养体系继续培养,进行体外分化试验。结果如下分离后直接进行冷冻保存的PGCs复苏后存活率最高为(85.93±1.24)%;复苏后的PGCs在培养体系中培养48h后进行了PAS染色鉴定,结果PGCs呈PAS阳性(细胞核不着色,细胞质呈红色),表明PGCs的染色特性没有因冷冻保存和体外培养而发生改变;复苏后的PGCs在培养体系中培养可形成细胞克隆,当把PGCs更换到培养体系培养5d后,PGCs克隆有的仍保持克隆状态,但体积缩小,克隆中细胞排列紧密,颜色较深,有的克隆由鸟巢状变为不规则形,且在克隆周围形成类神经细胞样细胞。而经体外培养后再进行冷冻保存的PGCs,复苏后存活率最高为(42.26±1.36)%。     

哺乳动物原始卵泡体外培养与激活调控研究进展

随着体外受精、克隆与转基因动物等基础研究快速发展,对卵母细胞的需求越来越多,科学家们不得不寻求能够获得大量优质卵母细胞的新途径。原始卵泡作为生长卵泡的来源,其初始容量影响哺乳动物的繁殖性能,是整个雌性生殖期中各阶段卵泡及卵子发育的源头。哺乳动物的卵巢在出生时由一定数量的卵泡组成,大多数原始卵泡处于休眠状态,只有极少数的原始卵泡被激活并进入生长卵泡池中。因此合理开发卵巢里尚未激活的原始卵泡对提高动物繁殖率、加速优良牛种的遗传改良、阐明动物卵泡发生的分子机理具有重要意义。本文将目前哺乳动物原始卵泡体外激活的国内外进展做一综述,为研究动物和人类卵泡激活的生物学过程提供理论基础。     

Morphological and Apoptotic Comparison of Primordial and Primary Follicles in Cryopreserved Human Ovarian Tissue

There are few reports which were designed to compare the survival rate of human primary follicles with primordial follicles after cryopreservation. This study was designed to evaluate whether such a difference occurs. Human ovarian biopsies were cryopreserved using dimethylsulphoxide/sucrose as the cryoprotectants. Fresh and cryopreserved ovarian samples were evaluated for viability differences between the two types of follicles using the endpoints of histology, ultrastructure and DNA fragmentation. In comparison with fresh ovarian tissue (83.9% ± 10.0%), the percentage of morphologically normal primordial follicles was not significantly different in cryopreserved tissue (73.9% ± 17.2%). However, a lower percentage of primary follicles with normal morphology was seen in the cryopreserved group (43.3% ± 25.7% vs 74.8% ± 19.4% for the fresh group). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cryopreservation did not appear to affect the structural integrity of primordial follicles; however, varying ultrastructural damage to the cytoplasm was observed in the majority of the cryopreserved primary follicles. Using a DNA fragmentation assay, the percentage of apoptotic primordial and primary follicles in the unfrozen (26.3% and 20%) and frozen (23.3% and 25%) ovarian tissue was similar. A higher proportion of primary follicles, compared to primordial follicles, suffer histological damage after slow freezing.     

LDL对绵羊精子冷冻保存效果的研究

绵羊冷冻精液的受精率低于自然交配,其原因之一可能是在冷冻过程中精子质膜损伤严重造成的.该研究以内蒙古细毛羊为试验动物.在稀释液中以低密度脂蛋白(LDL)代替卵黄.分析了冷冻过程中对精子活率、顶体完整率和质膜完整率的影响.筛选出了最优的LDL稀释液配方,以提高绵羊精液质量,减少精子的损伤,为提高绵羊精子冷冻保存后的受精率提供理论依据.     

藏绵羊卵巢组织学及卵泡超微形态的观察

旨在通过观察藏绵羊卵泡、黄体的组织学特征及卵泡的超微形态,探讨其与生理功能的关系.本研究运用大体解剖、常规组织切片和H.E染色及透射电镜技术对藏绵羊卵巢卵泡和黄体的组织结构特点以及卵泡的超微形态进行观察和分析.结果发现,藏绵羊黄体期和卵泡期卵巢的宽度和厚度存在显著差异(P＜0.05),而重量和长度无显著差异(P＞0.0...     

绵羊卵泡发育过程中关键信号通路研究进展

卵泡从原始卵泡发育为成熟卵泡,直至排卵、黄体发育等过程都受到精密的调控,产生大量的优势卵泡是绵羊产多羔及实现快速扩繁的关键因素。研究发现,相关信号通路和转录因子通过影响绵羊卵泡中卵母细胞、颗粒细胞的生长,进而调控卵泡的发育成熟,对这些信号通路进行深入了解,有助于探索卵泡发育的调控机制,早日实现绵羊高效繁育。Notch是卵泡发育过程中发挥重要作用的高度保守信号通路,PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路各成员都是广泛存在于细胞内的信号转导分子,在卵泡发育早期发挥了主要作用,还有间隙连接（gap junction,GJ）和跨带突触（transzonal projections,TZPs）等物理连接方式,在细胞间的交流通讯起到重要作用。作者详细介绍了Notch信号通路、PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路、间隙连接及跨带突触的结构功能在绵羊卵泡发育中的调控作用,为进一步探明绵羊卵泡发育的调控机制提供参考。     

Effect of Cryoprotectant Agents on the Potential Development of Sheep Preantral Follicles

Veterinary Research Communications -     

RT-PCR技术检测绵羊卵巢内Ghrelin的表达

为了明确Ghrelin在绵羊卵巢有腔卵泡上是否存在表达,本研究利用实时定量RT-PCR技术检测了绵羊卵巢有腔卵泡内的卵母细胞、卵丘细胞和壁层颗粒细胞的Ghrelin蛋白的表达量情况。结果揭示绵羊卵巢有腔卵泡内各类型细胞Ghrelin mRNA的相对表达量大致相同。绵羊卵巢有腔卵泡内各类型细胞Ghrelin蛋白的表达及Ghrelin mRNA的表达模式,尤其是卵母细胞中的表达,揭示这一新型分子在绵羊卵巢上具有潜在的调控作用。     

湖羊胚胎和精液超低温保存效果的评价

【目的】 检验长期保存在国家家畜基因库的湖羊冷冻胚胎和冷冻精液的质量,评价超低温冷冻保存技术保种的效果。【方法】 对保存于国家家畜基因库的冷冻胚胎（保存20年）和冷冻精液（保存20和30年）进行复苏,进行相应鉴定后分别进行胚胎移植和人工授精,同时以0年冷冻精液和新鲜精液为对照,测定其受胎率和后代的羔皮性能、生长性能及繁殖性能,检验保存效果。【结果】 本试验共解冻胚胎36枚,其中,A级胚胎22枚,B级胚胎7枚,C级胚胎5枚,D级胚胎2枚,冷冻胚胎复苏利用率达到94.44%（34/36）,A级胚胎率达到61.11%（22/36）,移植34枚,产羔17只,冷冻胚胎复苏移植产羔率达50.00%;保存30年的冷冻精液复苏后平均精子活力达35%,受胎率为58.57%,平均产羔1.90只;保存20年冷冻精液复苏后平均精子活力达31%,受胎率为53.66%,平均产羔1.95只;胚胎复苏移植羊、30和20年冷冻精液后代体型外貌鉴定均符合纯种湖羊特征,没有畸形个体;羔羊一级羔皮率分别是31.25%、42.03%和23.81%,保持了当年湖羊的羔皮特性;生长发育及繁殖性能与现有湖羊群体性能基本保持一致。【结论】 利用超低温冷冻技术长期保存湖羊冷冻胚胎和冷冻精液的方法是可行的,对地方品种保种具有重要意义。     

绵羊卵巢卵泡FoxO1表达模式的研究

本研究旨在探究Fox O1在绵羊卵巢卵泡的表达模式。屠宰场取卵巢获得卵泡,分为小卵泡(直径≤3 mm)、中卵泡(3 mm<直径<5 mm)、大卵泡(直径≥5 mm)3组。利用免疫组化技术对不同直径卵泡的FoxO1进行定位分析,通过机械分离法分离卵泡颗粒细胞,qRT-PCR和Western blotting技术检测FoxO1在小、中、大卵泡颗粒细胞的表达量。结果显示:在绵羊卵泡中,FoxO1表达于颗粒细胞层;中卵泡的FoxO1 mRNA表达量高于小卵泡和大卵泡(P<0.01),小卵泡FoxO1mRNA表达量高于大卵泡(P<0.01);FoxO1蛋白在大卵泡的表达量低于小卵泡和中卵泡(P<0.01),但小卵泡和中卵泡表达量差异不显著。综上表明,FoxO1在绵羊卵泡颗粒细胞层表达,且在大卵泡中的表达量极显著低于小卵泡和中卵泡。     

湖羊不同发育阶段卵泡内代谢产物和激素含量的比较研究

本试验旨在研究代谢产物、代谢激素和生殖激素在湖羊黄体期不同发育卵泡内的变化。选用体质量40kg左右的湖羊11头,同期发情结束后第12天屠宰,按不同大小卵泡分离卵泡液。试验结果表明,与≤2.5mm卵泡相比,>2.5mm卵泡内的葡萄糖浓度显著提高(P<0.05),胰高血糖素浓度显著降低(P<0.05),乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性和睾酮浓度极显著降低(P<0.01),雌二醇浓度极显著提高(P<0.01),而血氨、游离脂肪酸、尿素、胰岛素和孕酮浓度差异不显著。雌二醇浓度与LDH活性呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与葡萄糖浓度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与胰高血糖素浓度呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与睾酮浓度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与孕酮浓度接近正相关(P=0.051)。试验结果表明代谢产物和激素共同参与调节卵泡发育。     

Vitreous Cryopreservation of Human Preantral Follicles Encapsulated in Alginate Beads with Mini Mesh Cups

To completely avoid ice crystal formation and thus get a higher survival rate,vitrification methods have been commonly used for cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos.However, currently used vitrification methods for oocytes and embryos are not suitable forthe cryopreservation of preantral follicles (PFs). In the present study, stainless steelmesh was fabricated into mini mesh cups to vitrify isolated PFs. Moreover, isolatedfollicles were encapsulated and then subjected to vitreous cryopreservation to facilitatein vitro culture/maturation of follicles after warming. The resultsshowed that the percentages of viable follicles did not differ significantly between thevitrification group and fresh group soon after warming (81.25% vs.85.29%, P>0.05) and after a 7-day culture period (77.78% vs. 83.33%,P>0.05). No difference in mean follicular diameter was observed between cryopreservedand fresh follicles when cultured in vitro. Transmission electronmicroscopic analysis revealed that vitreous cryopreservation could maintain theultrastructure of follicles in alginate beads. In conclusion, the present vitrificationmethod could efficiently cryopreserve isolated human ovarian follicles encapsulated bycalcium alginate, which could be put into immediate use (in vitroculture/ maturation) after warming. However, more follicles and some detailed biochemicalanalyses are required to further investigate the effects of vitrification on the long-termgrowth of human encapsulated PFs.     

The Nuclear Morphology and Cortical Granule Distribution of Oocytes from Different Diameter Follicles of Sheep

This experiment was conducted to discuss the nuclear morphology and cortical granule distribution of sheep oocyte in vivo.In this study, the sheep antral follicles were divide into early period antral follicles group (1 mm≤diameter≤2.5 mm) and middle period antral follicles group(2.5 mm相似文献