对蜂产品质量安全的思考及蜂产品的发展方向

食品质量安全问题是食品行业的难题,蜂产品行业也不例外,在经济利益的驱使下,蜂产品掺假造假、蜂产品原料化学物质污染(兽药、农药、重金属污染)、病原微生物污染、生物毒素污染的问题严重,为了促进蜂产品可持续发展,从经济效益考虑,提出了加快蜂蜜授粉技术推广,大力发展授粉商业化;推进蜂产品原料供应的工业化、规模化;进行蜂产品深加工,丰富蜂产品制品的类型等蜂产品的发展方向.     

我的蜂产品营销策略

在蜂产品营销这块园地里 ,我辛勤耕耘了 9个春秋 ,有过不少的酸甜苦辣 ,但我感觉蜂产品营销在我国应该是大有可为的。随着人们生活水平的逐步提高和保健意识的增强 ,蜂产品市场前景越来越被看好 ,不管是从事蜂产品原料的经营 ,还是从事蜂产品制成品的经营都有很大的市场潜力可挖。由于我居住的湘北是蜂产品资源地 ,这几年一直从事蜂产品原料经营 ,对其他蜂产品制成品经营也有一定的认识。但无论是经营蜂产品原料 ,还是蜂产品制成品 ,关键是看经营者有没有能力利用好商机 ,使自己获得成功 !1　充分利用市场信息是搞好蜂产品营销的关键从事经…     

从美容学观点看蜂产品美容作用及蜂源美容品的开发

(续2005年第5期) 三、蜂产品美容学应用及蜂源美容品开发应注意的问题 1.合理客观地看待蜂产品的美容护肤作用 蜂产品含有多种美容护肤功能因子,是一种新兴的多功能的美容原料,但它并不是一种全能性的护肤品.在蜂产品美容品开发时,应客观地看待蜂产品的美容作用,蜂产品不能包治百病,也不是万能的美容良药,它的美容作用是有限的.     

山东省蜂产品原料风险监测、调研情况及思考

近10年来,山东省加强对蜂产品源头的质量监管,蜂产品原料品质大幅度提高,取得可喜的成绩。本文基于山东省蜂业与蜂产品质量检验所近10年的蜂产品原料监测数据和调查情况,综合分析了山东省蜂业生产面临的困难和问题,提出了几点政策性建议,以期促进山东蜂业健康、稳定、快速发展。     

蜂制化妆品市场前景

<正>蜂制化妆品,即以蜂产品为原料开发的天然蜂产品提取物生物美容系列产品,其文化底蕴深厚,蜂产品原料天然无污染,采用高新技术研制而成,契合现代人"以内养外"的养生养颜美肤理念,具有广阔的市场发展前景。     

2018年蜂产品市场回顾与2019年预测

我国蜂产品市场基本由供求关系决定,但是蜂产品原料收购价是由出口大企业联合出台的,其他小微企业只是附和。蜂农生产蜂产品原料,必须密切关注蜂产品市场信息及时调整蜂产品产业结构,确保养蜂收入。2018年蜂产品市场回顾1.1 蜂蜜蜂蜜是蜂产品大宗产品,也是蜂农主要收入。1.1.1 蜂蜜进出口行情我国是出口蜂蜜第一大国,2018年出口蜂蜜12.35万t,出口金额2.492亿美元,平均单价2.019美元/kg,同比分别下降4.5%、7.94%和3.40%。     

谈蜂产品的开发战略

1　中国蜂产品市场的现状分析1 1　重出口 ,轻内销　中国是世界上最大的养蜂国家 ,有蜂群约 70 0万箱 ,年产蜂蜜 2 0万ｔ,王浆2 0 0 0ｔ ,花粉 180 0ｔ,蜂胶 6 0 0ｔ。如此众多的蜂产品 70 %以上都是供应出口 ,并基本上都以原料形式出口。究其原因 :(1)国外市场消费水平高 ,人们对蜂产品医疗保健的认识较全面 ,因而对蜂产品的需求量大。(2 )国外市场对产品的质量及包装要求极其严格 ,中国生产的蜂产品成品一般达不到出口要求 ,加上原料或半成品出口具有“短、平、快”的经济效益 ,所以只好以原料或半成品形式低价出口。(3)国内的厂家追求眼…     

2008年蜂花粉市场信息及2009年预测

2008年蜂产品价格总体是前高后低,由于2008年农产品价格波动大,再加上2007年全国蜂产品企业原料储备不足,导致2008年蜂产品原料价格波动较大。2008年蜂花粉各品种价格与2007年相比有涨有落。如油菜花粉与蜂农见面价是17～20元／kg,杂花粉是13-15元/kg,价格与2007年基本持平。     

植物药源"健蜂Ⅱ"的药效实验研究

蜂产品抗生素残留问题长期制约我国蜂产品的质量,影响蜂产品安全和外贸出口。因此,研制以植物药源为原料的新型蜂药是当务之急。云南水富县的贺明哲与贺天振,40多年来用祖传秘方(中草药制剂)防治蜂病效果很好,他们与重     

蜂产品可制成美容面膜

能制成美容"面膜"的原料都是天然美容剂,目前公认的天然美容剂有蜂蜜、蜂王浆、蜂花粉、珍珠、人参、果汁等,其中以蜂产品最受青睐.蜂产品无任何毒性,涂于面部无不适感,不会造成"时髦病",即妇女使用含铅、汞、铬、硫的化妆品造成的面部斑疹和色素沉积.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …