影响吉林省亚洲玉米螟〔Ostrinia furnacalis（Guenee）〕一代发生区发生量长期预测的关键因子──Ⅰ．发生程度与天敌及虫源基数的关系

玉米螟的发生程度与越冬种群的天敌和虫源基数密切相关，对越冬种群影响比较大的天敌有玉米螟厉寄蝇、玉米螟长距茧峰、细菌和白僵菌。其中影响最大的是白僵菌，在５月末至６月下旬发病，寄生率在不同年度间变化很大，变化范围在4.5%～90%以上，对虫源基数有重大影响。玉米螟大发生必须有足够的有效虫源，在吉林省一代为主的发生区，6月份的越冬虫量为有效虫源，在不考虑降雨的情况下，6月中旬的百秆活虫量与7月份性诱蛾量及秋季百株虫量均极显著相关(相关系数分别为0.7023和0.869,构成大发生的有效上源数至少为每百秆有30头以上；7月份的累计单盆诱蛾量在300头以上。     

1992年新乡地区棉铃虫暴发原因及防治对策

一、发生原因分析1.越冬基数高。1991年第四代棉铃虫发生重,使越冬虫源充足,加之9月份气候温暖、湿润(月平均气温21.6℃、相对湿度80%),适宜第四代棉铃虫生长发育和入土化蛹。1991年9月下旬调查四代残虫,平均每     

数量化理论在预测大豆食心虫发生概率上的应用

大豆食心虫的危害程度(虫食率)受食心虫虫卵的越冬基数、气象条件等定量因素的影响,并受品种、防治情况等定性因素的影响。考虑影响危害程度的11个因素,如上年平均脱荚率、大豆品种、防治情况、越冬幼虫成活率等。利用数量化预测方法所具有的对数据精确性要求不高,同时能考虑定量因子和定性因子的特点,以当年的虫食率为基准变量建立数量化预测模型,对大豆食心虫不同危害程度发生的概率进行预测。在对73个样本三级模型的回报中,完全正确的有63个,回报率为86.30%,预报等级误差为1级的有8个,占总样本数的10.96%,回报精度较好,所建立的模型具有实际意义。     

大豆食心虫抗性品种鉴定及抗性性状分析

38份大豆品种（系）大豆食心虫抗性鉴定结果表明，供试品种间在着显著差异。筛选出高抗大豆食心虫品种1份和抗性品种17份。抗虫性状分析表明，虫食粒率与百粒重，荚皮内糖分含量呈极显著正相关，而与荚皮内纤维素含量，荚皮硬度，荚皮颜色呈极显著负相关。     

大豆食心虫的防治时期和方法

大豆食心虫的防治时期和方法黑龙江省泰来县农业技术推广中心，１６２４００王凤华刘义赵秀梅刘辉大豆食心虫是大豆生产上的主要害虫。我县每年都有发生，过去一般年份减产５％～１０％，严重年份减产３０％～５０％，１９８９年我县大豆食心虫危害严重，平均虫食率为３５...     

大麻食心虫的研究

大麻食心虫在安徽六安年发生不完整4代,完成一代需33—50天,以老熟幼虫主要在留种麻杆和葎草茎内结茧越冬。种植感虫品种寒麻,麻地葎草多,麻株生长嫩绿能加重为害。及时处理麻杆,清除麻地葎草,成虫和初孵幼虫盛发期喷洒杀螟松、敌敌畏或乐果是有效的防治措施。     

铁岭市大豆食心虫发生量预测预报及防治

通过对2006年铁岭市大豆食心虫中等偏重发生情况原因的计算分析,预计2007年铁岭市大豆食心虫总体上为中等至中等偏重发生,虫源基数高的县(市)将偏重发生。预计成虫发生盛期略早于常年,约在8月5日~15日。并提出切实可行的防治建议和方法。     

大豆食心虫发生数量预测预报技术的研究

本文是以周期图分析方法研究分析了大豆食心虫数量消长规律,阐明了大豆食心虫数量消长随时间序列呈七年为周期变化,并建立了数量消长的数学模式。 以周期消长规律作大豆食心虫发生量的趋势预报的依据,同时引入当年七月份降水和平均相对湿度作为发生量判别式的主导因子。建立了发生量的预报方程,以预报方程作发生量的预报工具,经实际预报指导大面积防治,检验其预报的效果。实践证明发生量预报方法简单、易行、准确可靠。     

大豆不同品种次生代谢产物及相关酶类含量与抗食心虫的关系

以抗大豆食心虫的6份基因型和3份感虫基因型为材料,分析比较其次生代谢产物及相关酶类的差异。结果表明,抗虫品种籽粒中类黄酮含量、荚皮中多酚氧化酶活性明显高于感虫品种,抗虫和感虫品种间,总酚含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性无明显的趋势。     

茶毛虫的生活习性及其防治

茶毛虫是一种食害茶叶有群居性的毒毛虫，又名茶毒蛾，俗称“毛辣虫”，“摆头虫”。是导致茶叶大规模减产的主要害虫之一。人体肌肤触及幼虫毒毛时会红肿痒疼，常妨碍采茶和茶园管理。近年来各茶区都有发生。1茶毛虫的生活习性茶毛虫在我省一年发生代数，因各地气候而异，在渤海，澜沧地区一年均发生两代。第二代成虫在头年10月中旬产卵越冬，至次年2月下旬开始孵化成幼虫，危害茶叶，长达两个多月。至5月中旬下树化蛹，6月上中旬开始羽化产卵。第二代幼虫子七月上中旬孵化，在7月下旬至9月上旬危害茶叶。9月上中旬下树化蛹，至10月中旬羽…     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

生物质能作物——甘薯开发利用现状及趋势

甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源用块根作物，在我国乃至世界再生能源开发中起到重大作用，其分布地域广，适应性强，沙荒地、岗坡地均可种植。生物产量高，而且种植栽培容易。甘薯含淀粉15％～30％，晒干率20％～35％，世界各国以薯干或淀粉为原料生产乙醇有着悠久的历史。随着全球能源的日趋紧张，乙醇作为一种可再生的环保燃料．将快速步入全球成品油市场，在替代汽油供应方面起到越来越大的作用。各国正在推行或制定燃料乙醇计划，并着眼于生物燃料乙醇应用方案，认为甘薯可能是摆脱将来粮食和能源危机的“最后一张王牌”。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。