液体饲料防霉剂对饲料防霉效果的研究

正我国是一个饲料生产消耗大国,然而在饲料的生产、加工、运输及贮存过程中,饲料霉变的现象屡见不鲜,霉菌毒素对饲料不同程度的污染,造成了巨大的经济损失,已成为饲料业和畜牧业生产中不可忽视的问题。随着饲料工业的快速发展,饲料防霉剂的应用日益广泛,对饲料行业的贡献越来越大,品种也日益增多,因此对饲料防霉剂防霉效果的检验成为关键。饲料防霉剂防霉效果的检测方法有杯碟法、最低抑菌浓度(MIC)法、饲料强化防霉(破坏性试验)、饲料常规试验、二氧化碳稀释法、温度测定法、平皿记数法等。本试验将某公司生产的防霉剂添加到饲料中使     

饲料防霉剂防霉效果检测与天然防霉剂开发

本文在分析饲料霉菌危害原因、现状和饲料防霉剂使用、饲料防霉技术基础上介绍杯碟法、最低抑菌浓度法、饲料强化防霉、平皿记数法等防霉剂防霉效果的检测方法和溶菌酶、鱼精蛋白、聚赖氨酸、纳他霉素、大蒜素、杜仲提取物等天然防霉剂开发应用情况。     

饲料防霉剂效果检测与天然防霉剂开发

介绍了杯碟法、最低抑菌浓度法、饲料强化防霉、平皿记数法等防霉剂防霉效果的检测方法和溶菌酶、鱼精蛋白、聚赖氨酸、纳他霉素、大蒜素、杜仲提取物等天然防霉剂的开发应用情况。     

判定饲料防霉剂防霉效果的三种便捷方法

本文介绍了平皿抑菌计数法、最低抑菌浓度法、杯碟法三种检测防霉剂防霉效果的方法,并选择丙酸钙和双丙酸铵作为实验材料,通过将其添加到培养基中来抑制米曲霉的生长。通过最低抑菌浓度法的实验,我们测定了丙酸钙和双丙酸铵对米曲霉的最低抑菌浓度,此外,通过将最低抑菌浓度法与平皿抑菌计数法、杯碟法的实验结果相比较,结果我们发现这三种方法在测定丙酸钙和双丙酸铵对米曲霉的抑制效果上,结果是一致的。本文中介绍的三种方法,实验周期短,可用于防霉剂样品的初步筛选。     

饲料防霉剂防霉效果的检测方法——平皿计数法

盲目挑选和使用饲料防霉剂，往往不仅事与愿违，更会危害饲料企业的经济利益及品牌声誉。所以，掌握并采用科学、正确、有效的检测方法，自我判别防霉剂产品之优劣是各饲料企业维护自身利益的当务之急。 　　目前用于饲料防霉剂防霉效果的检测对比之方法有：杯碟法、最低抑菌浓度法、二氧化碳释放法、温度测定法、饲料常规试验、高温高湿法等。杯碟法测定最大抑菌圈直径，用其大小来定量测定其防霉效果，试验要求选配一种理想溶剂，要求较高、操作复杂；最低抑菌浓度法需将各种防霉剂配成浓度梯度液，工作量大，与杯碟法一样仅适于作初选、…     

两种防霉剂抑制黄曲霉菌及禾谷镰刀菌的生长和饲料防霉效果研究

研究的主要目的是评估并比较丙酸钙复合型和高效复合型防霉剂抑制黄曲霉菌及禾谷镰刀菌的生长和饲料防霉效果。研究采用体外抑菌(禾谷镰刀菌F.0705和黄曲霉菌)试验和饲料破坏性试验两种方法进行。结果表明:两种防霉剂对禾谷镰刀菌(F.0705)和黄曲霉菌均有抑制作用,而且,随着防霉剂浓度的增大,其抑菌效果增强;从饲料破坏性试验来看:在第9 d和13 d采样时,两种防霉剂处理过的饲料霉菌总数极显著低于空白对照组(P<0.01),而且添加的防霉剂浓度越大,饲料中霉菌总数越少。总体来看,高效复合型防霉剂的抑制效果优于丙酸钙复合型。     

饲料防霉剂效果检测方法

饲料霉变及霉菌毒素污染严重影响着饲料工业和畜牧业生产，因此，国内外的饲料生产厂商和科研人员，十分重视防霉技术的研究和应用。近年来，采用的饲料防霉技术主要有以下几种：辐射灭菌；添加防霉剂；使用防霉包装袋；化学消毒和辐射结合防霉；控制真菌遗传密码。目前，主要在饲料中添加防霉剂，市场上防霉剂种类繁多，适用范围及防霉效果不尽相同，如使用不当还会引起中毒现象，如何选用合适的防霉剂是在实际生产中值得重视的问题。人们在使用防霉剂时往往注重防霉剂的价格，而忽视防霉剂防霉效果。为了解防霉剂防霉效果，更好地合理使用防霉剂。本文介绍影响防霉剂作用效果的因素和防霉剂防霉效果的检测方法，供同行参考。     

饲料防霉剂的遴选

为有效延长饲料的保存期,保持饲料品质,选择合适的防霉剂至关重要。我们用市售的防霉剂进行了微生物防霉抑菌、饲料防霉、防霉剂饲养肉鸡等系列试验,其结果可供选择防霉剂时参考。     

饲料中常用的防霉剂及其使用方法

防霉剂能杀灭或抑制微生物代谢及生长,其对微生物的作用主要表现在两个方面:一是破坏霉菌的细胞壁和细胞膜;二是破坏或抑制细胞内酶的作用,降低酶的活性。其作用效果主要取决于防霉剂添加的浓度和饲料pH值。一般在低剂量条件下,防霉剂只作用于微生物细胞,当剂量太大时,也会破坏动物体细胞,应用时应加以注意。防霉剂的效力以抑制时间表示,即物料添加防霉剂前后,真菌产生超过1%的二氧化碳的时间之差。常用于饲料的防霉剂主要有:1丙酸及其盐类丙酸及其盐类是饲料中应用最为普遍的防霉剂,属酸性防霉剂。丙酸及其盐类的作用效果与丙酸(有效成分)…     

复配型饲料防霉剂的试验研究

对冰醋酸、富马酸二甲酯、丙酸及其盐等防霉剂进行了研究，经过科学的配伍，采用特殊的载体吸附技术，研制出性能优异、使用方便、成本低、无毒性、高效广谱抑菌、防霉力强的复配型饲料防霉剂。１实验部分１．１原料及规格冰醋酸，食用级；富马酸二甲酯，饲料级；丙酸，一级品；丙酸钙，饲料级；载体；鱼粉；花生麸；酵母粉；虾皮；豆粕；培养皿；密封袋；湿度计等。１．２试验步骤１．２．１复配型防霉剂的配制将适量的液体有机酸防霉剂加入载体中进行混合，放置３０min，让其充吸附，加入富马酸二甲酯和丙酸钙充分混合均匀，制成复配型防…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.