七种中药抗鸡新城疫病毒作用的研究

金银花、板蓝根、黄芪、蒲公英、鱼腥草、连翘和黄芩7种中药是临床常用于防治畜禽疾病的药物,其对鸡新城疫病毒的抗病毒效果试验未见系统研究。试验通过鸡胚法研究了7种中药对鸡新城疫病毒的抗病毒效果,为其临床应用和药物组方奠定了理论基础。现将结果报道如下。1试验材料鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)LaSota株,由黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院微生物教研室提供;金银花、板蓝根、黄芪、蒲公英、鱼腥草、连翘、黄芩,均购自哈尔滨市中药材批发市场;9日龄非免疫鸡胚,购自哈尔滨市某种鸡场。2试验方法2.1中药溶液的制备采用水提醇沉法提取中药有效成分…     

壳聚糖絮凝对双黄连口服液制剂中有效成分的影响

选用正交试验筛选壳聚糖絮凝澄清的最佳条件,以主要成分黄芩苷作为含量考察指标,研究了壳聚糖作为澄清剂对双黄连口服液中黄芩苷含量的影响,并与醇沉法进行了对比。结果显示,壳聚糖能使双黄连提取液得到良好的澄清效果,主要成分黄芩苷损失较小,优于醇沉法,表明壳聚糖能作为良好的澄清剂代替醇沉法处理双黄连口服液。     

均匀设计法优化金银花水煎液絮凝提取工艺的研究

用均匀设计法优化金银花水煎液絮凝提取工艺。考察了絮凝剂浓度、絮凝时间、pH、温度4个因素对金银花水煎液提取率的影响，得到金银花水煎液絮凝提取工艺的优化条件为絮凝剂浓度2．0％、絮凝时间20min、pH5．0、温度50℃，并对絮凝后的金银花水煎液进行了絮凝效果检验。此工艺较好地去除了蛋白质、鞣质、淀粉等杂质，保留了有效成分绿原酸。选用絮凝法提取效果好，安全度高，可替代传统水提醇沉法。     

金银花不同器官提取液抗鸡新城疫病毒效果研究

为了研究金银花不同器官(花、叶、茎)提取物的抗鸡新城疫病毒效果,试验制备了金银花不同器官提取液,在给SPF鸡胚接种鸡新城疫病毒前、接种后、接种同时接种金银花不同器官提取液,收取鸡胚尿囊液测定其血凝效价。结果表明:在3种不同的加药方式中,金银花不同器官提取液均能有效降低新城疫病毒感染鸡胚尿囊液的血凝效价,且作用效果与提取液浓度呈正相关。金银花不同器官提取液的抑制效果为:花茎叶。说明金银花不同器官的提取液均能够抑制新城疫病毒在鸡胚尿囊液中的增殖,其抑制效果与金银花的不同器官提取液加药方式和浓度有关。     

金银花提取液在鸡胚内抗新城疫病毒试验

为证明金银花抗新城疫病毒的作用效果,通过接种鸡胚方法,对病毒接种前、接种同时、接种后加药3种方式处理的鸡胚尿囊液血凝效价进行测定。结果显示,在3种不同的加药方式中,不同浓度的金银花提取液均能够降低新城疫病毒感染鸡胚尿囊液的血凝效价,其作用效果与提取液浓度呈正比例相关。结果表明,金银花提取液能够抑制新城疫病毒在鸡胚尿囊液中的增殖;金银花提取液在鸡胚内抗新城疫病毒活性与其加药方式及浓度有关。     

复方中药禽康散对接种新城疫病毒鸡胚的保护效应

为了研究复方中药禽康散提取液对鸡新城疫病毒活性的影响,试验采用鸡胚法以不同浓度中药提取液与新城疫F48E9毒株悬液混合后各接种8枚鸡胚,观察各组鸡胚的存活情况。结果表明:中药浓度为1.0 g/mL、0.5 g/mL、0.25 g/mL时活胚率分别是87.5%、75.0%、50.0%,而不加中药组鸡胚96 h后全部死亡。说明复方中药禽康散具有抗新城疫F48E9毒株的作用,且随着中药浓度的增加抗病毒作用增强,呈现一定的量效关系。     

复方中药禽康散对接种新城疫病毒鸡胚的保护效应

为了研究复方中药禽康散提取液对鸡新城疫病毒活性的影响,试验采用鸡胚法以不同浓度中药提取液与新城疫F48E9毒株悬液混合后各接种8枚鸡胚,观察各组鸡胚的存活情况。结果表明：中药浓度为1．0g/mL、0．5g／mL、0．25g／mL时活胚率分别是87．5％、75．0％、50．0％,而不加中药组鸡胚96h后全部死亡。说明复方中药禽康散具有抗新城疫F48E9毒株的作用,且随着中药浓度的增加抗病毒作用增强,呈现一定的量效关系。     

壳聚糖澄清蜂王胎口服液的工艺研究

为了研究壳聚糖澄清法在复方蜂王胎口服液制备工艺中的除杂效果和有效成分的保留，通过正交回归试验研究了壳聚糖添加量、澄清温度、时间及药液pH等因素对多糖转移率的影响，并确定了最佳澄清条件：壳聚糖添加量为0．05％，澄清温度为47℃，时间为3．4h，药液pH值为4．8，枸杞多糖转移率可达72．43％。同时与醇沉方法进行了比较。结果表明，用壳聚糖澄清法能最大限度地保留有效成分，且成本比醇沉法低，工艺相对简单。     

鱼腥草提取液在鸡胚内抗新城疫病毒试验

为证明鱼腥草抗新城疫病毒的作用效果,通过接种鸡胚方法,对病毒接种前、接种同时、接种后加药三种方式处理的鸡胚尿囊液血凝效价进行测定。结果显示,在三种不同的加药方式中,不同浓度的鱼腥草提取液都能够降低新城疫病毒感染鸡胚尿囊液的血凝效价;鱼腥草提取液和新城疫病毒同时注入鸡胚时,鱼腥草原液抗病毒效果最好;鱼腥草提取液于新城疫病毒接种后注入鸡胚时,2倍稀释液抗病毒效果最好;鱼腥草提取液先于新城疫病毒注入鸡胚时,4倍和8倍稀释液抗病毒效果最好。结果表明,鱼腥草提取液能够抑制新城疫病毒在鸡胚尿囊液中的增殖;鱼腥草提取液在鸡胚内抗新城疫病毒活性与其加药方式及浓度有关。     

黄芩提取液紫外指纹图谱及定量检测的初步研究

结合中药加工的一般工艺,建立了黄芩的紫外指纹图谱。结果表明,黄芩饮片经水提醇沉及壳聚糖凝絮精制后,其紫外吸收光谱没有明显变化,在274nm处有最大吸收峰,可作为黄芩提取物定性鉴别的参考;固定吸收波长为274nm,黄芩提取液中所含生药浓度与光密度有良好的线性关系,可作为黄芩提取物定量检测的方法。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …