共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
土壤有机质对有效磷及水提取磷含量的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为了解土壤有机质对有效磷与总磷、水提取磷与有效磷关系的影响,采用田间调查的方法,对洛阳市郊主要农田4种土壤耕作层土壤进行取样调查,并采用常规土壤测试方法,分别测定土样有机质、金磷、有效磷和水提取磷含量.根据有机质含量(高于或低于16.0 g·kg-1)把土样分成两组,对两组土样的总磷与有效磷、有效磷与水提取磷分别做相关关系分析.结果表明:与低有机质土样组相比,高有机质土样组有效磷与总磷相关方程的斜率较大,水提取磷与有效磷相关方程的斜率较小,这一趋势在以Olsen法和Mehlich-3法测定有效磷时均相同.表明在缺磷环境中,有机质增加条件下,虽然磷的生物有效性降低,但有助于在土壤溶液中维持相对较高的磷酸根浓度,这可能是由于磷的周转加快;随着土壤磷含量增加,有机质增加有助于更快提高磷的生物有效性,但土壤溶液中维持相对较低的磷酸根浓度,这可能有助于减轻农田磷的渗漏流失. 相似文献
2.
施磷水平与冬小麦产量和土壤有效磷含量的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[目的]研究施磷水平对冬小麦分蘖成穗、产量、磷素吸收利用的影响及其与土壤有效磷含量的关系,明确维持冬小麦持续高产的最佳土壤有效磷含量及施磷量,为冬小麦高效磷肥管理提供理论依据。[方法]于2018—2021年在河南科技大学农场进行了连续3年小麦田间试验,试验设P2O5 0、90、180和270 kg/hm2 4个磷水平,分别记为P0、P90、P180、P270处理,研究了施磷水平对冬小麦分蘖成穗率、干物质积累与分配、产量、磷素吸收与分配及利用效率的影响,并分析了施磷水平、土壤有效磷含量与产量之间的关系。[结果](1)随着施磷水平的提高,冬小麦单位面积最大分蘖数、有效分蘖数和干物质积累量处理间均呈P270>P180>P90>P0,而穗粒数、干物质向籽粒中分配率和产量呈先增加后降低的趋势;P180处理的冬小麦产量高... 相似文献
3.
以前,人们一致认为土壤有机质含量(OM)对土壤有效含水量(AWC)无影响或影响不大。本研究经过3种质地土壤OM对其AWC的影响效果进行试验和评价,证实上述观点是错误的。随着OM的增加,土壤田间含水量增加的速度大于永久凋萎点含水量增加的速度;OM与AWC之间存在着重要的正相关关系。 相似文献
4.
刘丽 《水土保持应用技术》2021,(1):20-22
土壤有机质(SOM)含量降低会影响土壤生态系统功能和土壤的健康水平,并影响作物产量.恢复农业生态系统中土壤有机质含量可以扭转土壤退化的趋势,增强土壤生态系统功能,实现联合国提出的土地可持续发展目标.土壤有机质含量的增加可减少化肥的施用量和灌水量,降低面源污染物对生态环境的破坏. 相似文献
5.
施磷对玉米吸磷量、产量和土壤磷含量的影响及其相关性 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
为了给玉米磷高效利用提供理论依据, 在低磷土壤(Olsen-P 4.9 mg·kg-1)上, 通过田间试验, 研究了施磷0(T0)、50 kg(P2O5)·hm-2(T1)、100 kg(P2O5)·hm-2(T2)、200 kg(P2O5)·hm-2(T3)、1 000 kg(P2O5)·hm-2(T4)对两个玉米品种"鲁单9002" (LD9002)、"先玉335"(XY335)的产量、磷素吸收利用及根际磷动态变化的影响。结果表明: 两玉米品种根际土、非根际土速效磷含量在不同生育时期都表现为T12O5)·hm-2的T3处理非根际土转化为根际土土壤磷的量最大, 同时玉米生物量、产量、磷转移量也达到最高, 而施磷1 000 kg(P2O5)·hm-2处理玉米生物量、产量与中磷水平相比没有显著增加, 但植株吸磷量较高。XY335的花后磷转移量小于LD9002。相关分析表明, LD9002根际土、非根际土速效磷含量与茎、叶吸磷量之间显著相关, 以播种后79 d与茎、叶磷浓度、吸磷量、生物量、产量之间的相关系数最高; 而XY335根际土、非根际土速效磷含量与茎、叶磷浓度之间显著相关, 在播种后47 d期间与茎、叶磷浓度、吸磷量、生物量、产量之间的相关性最好。因此, 在低磷土壤上, LD9002和XY335分别在播种后79 d和47 d时是植株对磷的敏感期, 可以通过测试根际土、非根际土速效磷含量来反映土壤的供磷状况; LD9002在79 d时最大吸磷量需要的根际土、非根际土速效磷含量分别为54.95 mg·kg-1、32.99 mg·kg-1, XY335品种在47 d时最大吸磷量需要的根际土、非根际土速效磷含量分别为51.24 mg·kg-1、35.35 mg·kg-1; 施磷量1 000 kg(P2O5)·hm-2处理两品种玉米产量、生物量、磷积累量与施磷量100~200 kg(P2O5)·hm-2处理没有显著差异。 相似文献
6.
通过2年盆栽试验,探讨不同磷水平下玉米–大豆间作根际土壤无机磷组分、土壤有效磷含量及作物磷吸收的差异,明确土壤无机磷组分、土壤有效磷与作物磷吸收之间的相互关系。试验设置玉米单作、大豆单作、玉米–大豆间作3种种植方式以及3个P2O5施用水平(0、50、100 mg/kg,分别记作P0、P50、P100),共9个处理。结果表明:与单作相比,2018年和2019年在P0、P50和P100水平下,间作显著提高玉米和大豆的籽粒产量,并显著提高玉米和大豆植株的磷素吸收量。与常规施磷水平(P100)下的单作处理相比,玉米–大豆间作在磷肥减少50%(P50)的条件下,并未降低玉米和大豆的磷吸收量与籽粒产量。3个磷水平下,间作提高了玉米和大豆根际土壤有效磷含量,而降低了根际土壤总无机磷以及Fe-P、Al-P、Ca-P、O-P的含量;同时适当增施磷肥显著提高了玉米和大豆根际土壤总无机磷及各无机磷组分的含量。本试验条件下,间作促进土壤中Fe-P、Al-P、Ca-P和O-P的活化(尤其是Fe-P),是低磷胁迫下间作土壤有效磷含量与作物磷吸收量增加的重要原因。玉米–大豆间作具有节约磷肥、维持作物产量及根际土壤有... 相似文献
7.
施用常规磷水平的80%可实现玉米高产、磷素高效利用和土壤磷平衡 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
8.
土壤有机质含量与玉米生产力的关系 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
土壤有机质是土壤肥力的重要指标。本文通过空间移位的方法,将东北黑土带由南向北5个点有机质含量为18.1g kg-1、31.1g kg-1、54.6g kg-1、103.9g kg-1、53.6g kg-1的农田黑土,分别移至黑龙江省的海伦市和吉林省的德惠市的两种气候下,通过田间试验的方法,研究了黑土有机质含量与玉米生产力的关系。结果表明,在相同的施肥条件下,土壤有机质含量与玉米产量间不存在显著相关关系,产量差异不显著;施肥对各种有机质含量的黑土均有显著增产作用,增产幅度在12.3%~64.1%,黑土带的南部区域德惠市的施肥增产作用要明显高于北部区域海伦市的增产作用。 相似文献
9.
针对NY/T 148-1990测定方法中,加活性炭目的是降低由于浸出土壤有机质所产生的颜色对有效磷测定结果的影响,但是却限制了土壤有效磷的批量测定,为此进行了不加活性炭条件下测定土壤有效磷的改进试验。试验结果表明,不加活性炭条件下,浸出土壤有机质所产生的颜色对土壤有效磷测定结果在测定误差范围内可以忽略不计;两种有效磷测定方法的平均值均在误差范围之内,但改进方法所测结果更接近于NY/T 148-1990标准值,测值间离散度低,稳定性强,且测定速度快、结果准确度及精密度高、成本低。 相似文献
10.
11.
磷肥中腐植酸添加比例对玉米产量、磷素吸收及土壤速效磷含量的影响 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
【目的】 腐植酸可提高磷肥的肥效,对于其在磷肥中适宜添加量的研究可为我国磷肥的增效减量提供依据。【方法】 将腐植酸增效剂按1%、5%、10%和20%的比例添加到磷酸一铵中,制成四种腐植酸磷肥试验产品(HP1、HP2、HP3和HP4),利用土柱栽培试验研究在等磷量(施P2O5量0.1g/kg干土)投入及等肥料重量(施磷肥实物量0.16g/kg干土,即施P2O5量分别减少1%、5%、10%、20%)投入情况下,腐植酸磷肥对玉米产量、磷素吸收利用及土壤速效磷含量的影响。【结果】 1)在等磷量施用情况下,与普通磷肥(P)相比,四种腐植酸磷肥处理玉米籽粒产量增加4.5%~13.6%,且腐植酸添加量越大产量越高,均显著高于普通磷肥处理;在等肥料重量施用下,随着腐植酸磷肥施入P2O5量的减少,玉米籽粒产量逐渐降低,当P2O5施用量减少20%时籽粒产量与普通磷肥处理相比仍未显著降低。2)腐植酸磷肥处理在等磷量施用下较普通磷肥处理可显著提高玉米籽粒磷吸收量和地上部吸磷总量,分别增加6.0%~15.4%和6.3%~14.0%,但秸秆磷吸收量无显著变化;当腐植酸磷肥施入P2O5量减少20%时籽粒磷吸收量和地上部磷吸收总量会显著低于普通磷肥处理。3)与普通磷肥处理相比,在等磷量施用下,腐植酸磷肥的表观利用率提高5.9~13.1个百分点,农学利用率、偏生产力分别提高26.5%~79.1%、4.5%~13.5%,且均达到显著水平。4)施入腐植酸后主要影响050cm土层的土壤速效磷含量,其中1530cm土层速效磷含量增加最为显著,与普通磷肥处理相比增加18.1%~36.6%。【结论】 腐植酸增效剂在1%~20%的添加比例范围内对磷肥均具有较好的增效作用,可提高玉米产量、磷素吸收量及磷肥利用效率,并可提高土壤中的速效磷含量,且腐植酸添加量越大效果越好;利用腐植酸的增效作用来减少磷肥施用量是可行的,在当前磷肥施用量的基础上可减少磷肥用量20%左右而保证玉米不减产。 相似文献
12.
Relation between soil organic matter and yield levels of nonlegume crops in organic and conventional farming systems 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Christopher Brock Andreas Fließbach Hans‐Rudolf Oberholzer Franz Schulz Klaus Wiesinger Frank Reinicke Wernfried Koch Bernhard Pallutt Bärbel Dittman Jörg Zimmer Kurt‐Jürgen Hülsbergen Günter Leithold 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2011,174(4):568-575
The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between yield levels of nonleguminous crops and soil organic matter (SOM) under the specific conditions of organic and conventional farming, respectively, and to identify implications for SOM management in arable farming considering the farming system (organic vs. conventional). For that purpose, correlations between yield levels of nonlegume crops and actual SOM level (Corg, Nt, Chwe, Nhwe) as well as SOM‐level development were examined including primary data from selected treatments of seven long‐term field experiments in Germany and Switzerland. Yield levels of nonlegume crops were positively correlated with SOM levels, but the correlation was significant only under conditions of organic farming, and not with conventional farming treatments. While absolute SOM levels had a positive impact on yield levels of nonlegumes, the yield levels of nonlegumes and SOM‐level development over time correlated negatively. Due to an increased demand of N from SOM mineralization, higher yield levels of nonlegumes obviously indicate an increased demand for OM supply to maintain SOM levels. Since this observation is highly significant for farming without mineral‐N fertilization but not for farming with such fertilization, we conclude that the demand of SOM‐level maintenance or enhancement and thus adequate SOM management is highly relevant for crop production in organic farming both from an agronomical and ecological point of view. Under conventional management, the agronomic relevance of SOM with regard to nutrient supply is much lower than under organic management. However, it has to be considered that we excluded other possible benefits of SOM in our survey that may be highly relevant for conventional farming as well. 相似文献
13.
Waqas Ahmad Minhas Noman Mehboob Ahmad Nawaz Sami UL-Allah 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(9):1356-1368
AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the effect of biochar on maize production and nutrient retention with recommended full and half dose of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrition in loamy soil. In the first study, maize was grown in pots with four levels of biochar (0, 2, 4, and 6?t?ha?1) under two levels of NP fertilizer, viz. recommended (200–150?kg?NP?ha?1) and it’s half (100–75?kg?NP?ha?1) dose. The prominent improvement in plant roots traits, leaf area, plant growth, morphological and yield-related parameters were observed with addition of biochar at 2 and 4?t?ha?1; while, plant height, number of grains per cob, grains and biological yield decreased with biochar addition 6?t?ha?1 along with full dose of NP nutrition. In subsequent field studies, two levels of biochar along with control (0, 2, 4?t?ha?1) were investigated. The more improvement in root growth, leaf area and crop growth was observed when biochar was applied at 2?t?ha?1 with full NP nutrition. Biochar application at 2?t?ha?1 with full NP nutrition produced the highest grain yield (6.64?t?ha?1); however, biochar addition (2?t?ha?1) with half NP nutrition resulted in better grain yield than full dose of NP to enhance maize production as compared with full dose of NP without biochar. Therefore, biochar addition (2?t?ha?1) with half-recommended dose of NP prominently improved the maize productivity in loamy soil and serve as better in replacement of full dose of NP fertilizer. 相似文献
14.
复垦土壤贫瘠,磷素含量极低,严重影响作物的生长发育。研究化肥、有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌对玉米产量和复垦土壤磷素形态以及酶活性的影响,为加速培肥矿区复垦土壤提供技术支持和理论依据。该研究在山西省晋中市采煤塌陷区进行了2a的定位培肥试验,共设置7个处理:不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、化肥配施荧光假单胞菌(CFB)、单施有机肥(M)、有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌(MB)、化肥配施有机肥(MCF)、化肥有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌(MCFB)。采集各处理土壤样品测定相关指标,并通过相关性分析和结构方程模型来探究各形态磷与有效磷以及土壤磷酸酶之间的关系。结果表明:1)在整个试验周期(2021—2022年),与CK相比,不同施肥处理均能显著提高玉米产量以及各形态磷素。其中,以MB处理下的玉米产量、有效磷、磷活化系数、不稳定态磷以及部分不稳定态磷含量最高,与CK处理相比,玉米产量显著提高2.4倍,有效磷含量、磷活化系数值、不稳定态磷含量、部分不稳定态磷含量分别显著提高4.5倍、4.67倍、0.98倍、1.16倍。2)与CK处理相比,化肥、有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌能够显著提高土壤微生物量磷以及酸性和碱性磷酸酶活性,配施荧光假单胞菌后,微生物量磷水平和碱性磷酸酶活性均以MB较M处理提升效果最佳,分别显著提高27.08%和9.56%。3)结合相关性分析以及结构方程模型,随着荧光假单胞菌和化肥有机肥的施入,在提高不稳定态磷素含量的同时也提高有效磷的供应能力,促进磷素在农田生态系统中的循环转化,产生积极的正向影响。化肥、有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌能够一定程度上影响复垦土壤玉米产量及产量性状、各形态磷素及有效性和微生物活性,对复垦土壤脆弱的农田生态系统产生积极影响。 相似文献
15.
Ruhollah Naderi Mohsen Edalat Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(4):570-579
Field experiments were conducted in 2010 and 2011 at the Agricultural College of Shiraz University to evaluate the effects of cattle manure and nitrogen (N) fertilizers on soil properties such as soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic nitrogen (SON), soil electrical conductivity, soil pH and corn yield under two tillage systems. Treatments included tillage systems in two levels as conventional tillage and reduced tillage as subplots, cattle manure (0, 25 and 50 tons ha?1) and N fertilizer (0, 125 and 250 kg N ha?1) as sub-subplots. Results showed that SOC and SON were significantly affected by tillage system in both years of the experiment. SOC and SON were higher in reduced tillage compared to conventional tillage. Tillage system had no significant effect on grain yield, plant height and 1000 seed weight. Increased cattle manure rates at 25 and 50 tons ha?1 increased grain yield by 27% and 38%, respectively, in 2010 and 25% and 25% in 2011. The results showed that application of cattle manure combined with N fertilizer might be an efficient management to increase soil productivity in southern Iran, in soils with poor organic content. Additionally, reduced tillage showed to be an efficient method to increase soil organic matter. 相似文献
16.
渭北台塬区耕地土壤速效养分时空变异特征 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
为充分了解渭北台塬区耕地土壤养分的时空变异特征,以渭北台塬典型农业县——蒲城县为例,基于该区1980年和2011年两个时期的实测样点速效养分数据,采用传统统计学、地统计学结合GIS技术,研究其耕地土壤碱解氮和有效磷的时空变异性、变化规律及其影响因素。结果表明,1980—2011年,该区土壤碱解氮、有效磷的块金系数增大,空间相关距缩短,标准化Z值降低,空间结构性特征减弱,随机因素作用增强。二者的平均含量分别提高84.32%、179.30%,呈现出原低值区增速快、高值区增速慢或略有降低的趋势;碱解氮/有效磷平均比值由7.22降至5.67,高、低值区发生逆转,氮磷失调问题得到改善,但仍高于农作物适宜水平。人为活动如施肥、灌溉等是土壤速效养分时空变化的重要影响因素。 相似文献
17.
Peter Asbon Opala John Robert Okalebo Caleb Othieno 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(3):327-339
The effects of farmyard manure (FYM), Tithonia diversifolia (tithonia) and urea when applied alone or in combination with Minjingu phosphate rock (MPR), Busumbu phosphate rock (BPR) or triple superphosphate (TSP) on soil acidity, P availability, maize yields and financial benefits were evaluated at Bukura and Kakamega in western Kenya. A reduction in exchangeable acidity and Al was observed in most tithonia- and FYM-treated soils, but not with inorganic P sources when applied in combination with urea. The effectiveness in increasing available soil P followed the order; TSP > MPR > BPR among inorganic P sources, and FYM > tithonia among organic materials at both sites. At Bukura, a site higher in both available P and Al saturation compared with Kakamega, maize did not respond to inorganic P sources applied in combination with urea. Maize, however, responded when inorganic P sources were applied in combination with FYM or tithonia at this site. At Kakamega, maize responded to TSP but not to MPR or BPR when applied with urea. Application of TSP in combination with tithonia gave the highest maize yields at both sites. Of the tested technologies, only FYM when applied alone at Bukura was economically attractive. 相似文献
18.
有机酸对合成磷源施入石灰性潮土后速效磷动态变化的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以郑州市石灰性潮土为材料,加入不同磷源和不同有机酸进行培养,培养周期内测定速效磷含量,研究草酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、腐殖酸5种有机酸对合成磷源施入石灰性潮土后速效磷动态变化的影响。结果表明,不同合成磷源施入土壤中都会使土壤中速效磷含量增加,而后随时间的推移,速效磷含量迅速下降,大约30~45d后趋于稳定;供试有机酸能明显减弱速效磷含量随时间而降低的趋势,使得土壤速效磷含量在较长的一段时间内保持较高的水平;有机酸对石灰性潮土速效磷动态变化影响能力因有机酸种类和性质的不同而不同,其作用能力大小顺序为草酸,腐殖酸〉柠檬酸,苹果酸〉酒石酸。 相似文献
19.
不同形态氮肥对玉米产量和土壤浸提性有机质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
田间条件下,研究了不同形态氮肥(尿素、NH4+-N和NO3--N)对玉米产量、根际和非根际土壤氮和浸提性有机质的影响.结果表明,施氮处理的产量和吸氮量明显高于不施肥处理;施氮处理中,NO3--N和尿素处理开花前吸氮量显著高于NH4+-N处理,产量也略高于NH4+-N处理,但未达到显著水平;不同氮形态处理之间的土壤NH4+-N、NO3--N和浸提性有机碳(EOC)、氮(EON)没有差异;抽雄期EOC最高,与根系生长发育一致,而EON苗期相对最高.可见,在基础肥力较高的黑土上,不同形态氮肥对玉米产量、土壤养分影响不明显. 相似文献