奥芬达唑干混悬剂对青海牧区藏犬肠道寄生虫的驱虫试验

为评价奥芬达唑干混悬剂对青海牧区藏犬肠道寄生虫的驱虫效果,选择牧户家中饲养的35只藏犬,设奥芬达唑干混悬剂5、10、15mg/kg体重剂量组,进行驱虫效果评价。结果表明:3个试验剂量对藏犬弓首蛔虫、犬钩口线虫、细粒棘球绦虫、泡状带绦虫和多头带绦虫的转阴率和减少率均达100.0%。奥芬达唑干混悬剂3个试验剂量驱除牧区藏犬蛔虫、钩虫、绦虫高效安全,推荐剂量在5mg/kg以上。     

奥芬达唑干混悬剂驱除绵羊裸头科绦虫的药效试验

为了观察奥芬达唑干混悬剂对绵羊裸头科绦虫的驱虫效果,试验采用粪检法和剖检法检测奥芬达唑干混悬剂驱除绵羊自然感染裸头科绦虫的情况,并以10 mg/kg奥芬达唑原料药作为药物对照。结果表明:用药7 d后,5,10,15 mg/kg奥芬达唑干混悬剂对绵羊裸头科3属绦虫的转阴率分别为83.3%、100%和100%;对莫尼茨绦虫的驱虫率分别为85.7%、100%和100%,对无卵黄腺绦虫、曲子宫绦虫的驱虫率均达到100%。说明奥芬达唑干混悬剂对绵羊裸头科3属绦虫均有驱虫效果,其中10 mg/kg的剂量高效安全。     

芬苯达唑干混悬剂对绵羊裸头科绦虫的驱除效力试验

应用芬苯达唑干混悬剂,分别按5,10,20mg/kg体重剂量驱除绵羊裸头科绦虫,并设吡喹酮片剂20mg/kg体重剂量药物对照组和阳性对照组。粪检结果:芬苯达唑干混悬剂5,10,20mg/kg剂量对裸头科绦虫的粪便虫卵(节片)转阴率分别为70.0%、100.0%和100.0%。用药后14d剖检结果:芬苯达唑干混悬剂5mg/kg体重剂量对莫尼茨绦虫、无卵黄腺绦虫的驱虫率分别为70.7%、63.0%;10、20mg/kg体重剂量的驱虫率均达100.0%。结果表明10mg/kg和20mg/kg体重芬苯达唑干混悬剂试验剂量对绵羊裸头科2属绦虫均有效,其中10mg/kg以上剂量驱除绵羊裸头科绦虫高效安全。     

犬复孔绦虫病调查与研究

犬复孔绦虫病是一种人畜共患病 ,与接触犬、猫等动物有关。经过对患有犬复孔绦虫病的患者诊断治疗 ,结果表明 ,用中药驱虫可获得理想的治疗效果     

南海市沙皮犬肠道寄生虫的调查

对广东省南海市的69只沙皮犬进行了肠道寄生虫调查。采用粪便检查法，检出虫卵9种，其中绦虫2种（细粒棘球绦虫和复孔绦虫）；线虫6种（犬弓首蛔虫、犬钩虫、狮蛔虫、巴西钩口线虫、犬鞭虫和犬胃线虫）；吸虫1种（抱茎隙吸虫）。检出优势种为犬复孔绦虫，犬钩虫，犬弓首蛔虫，是驱虫的主要对象。     

梁平县犬肠道寄生虫的调查

2000年2月至10月对重庆市梁平县犬只进行了肠道寄生虫调查。共采集100只犬粪样，检出虫卵8种，其中线虫4种（犬弓首蛔虫、狮蛔虫、犬钩虫、犬鞭虫）；绦虫3种（犬复孔绦虫、泡状带绦虫、细粒棘球绦虫）；吸虫1种（抱茎棘隙吸虫）。检出优势种为犬弓首蛔虫、犬复孔绦虫、大钩虫，是驱虫的主要对象。     

犬复殖孔绦虫病的防治

正犬复殖孔绦虫病是由犬复殖孔绦虫引起的一种常见的人兽共患性寄生虫疾病。该虫常感染犬和猫,偶可感染人体引起复殖孔绦虫病,临床表现为食欲不振、腹部不适、腹泻等。一、病原该病的病原是囊宫科、复殖孔属的犬复殖孔绦虫,其成虫为小型绦虫,长10~15厘米,宽0.3~0.4厘米,约有200个节片。头节小,呈亚梨形,横径约0.4毫米,具有4个吸盘和     

犬复孔绦虫病的治疗与防治

犬复孔绦虫病是由囊宫科的犬复孔绦虫（Dipylidium caninum）寄生于犬、猫的小肠中,而引起的一种常见绦虫病,人偶尔感染。犬复孔绦虫新鲜时为淡红色,固定后为乳白色,最长可达50cm,约由200个节片组成。位于纵排泄管的内侧,生殖孔开口于两侧的中央稍后。复孔绦虫的中间宿主主要是蚤类,犬因舔被毛时吞入含有似囊尾蚴的跳蚤而被感染。由于该病人偶尔会感染,所以饲养宠物时应当对犬创造良好的卫生环境和饮食习惯,及时对健康犬进行药物预防。     

兰州市流浪犬蠕虫感染情况调查及复孔绦虫分子生物学鉴定

为了解兰州市流浪犬蠕虫感染情况及复孔绦虫的遗传变异情况,本实验采集兰州市四个区（城关区、七里河区、安宁区、西固区）541份犬只粪便样本和5株犬复孔绦虫,使用粪检法调查蠕虫感染情况并利用线粒体cox1序列对兰州市犬复孔绦虫进行分子鉴定。结果显示,兰州市流浪犬蠕虫感染率为25.69%(139/541),优势虫种为蛔虫和复孔绦虫,其感染率依次为17.37%(94/541)、5.17%(28/541)。将本次测得的犬复孔绦虫cox1序列与GenBank中收录的中国西南地区和日本的犬复孔绦虫cox1序列进行比对分析,发现兰州市与中国西南地区、日本的样本序列差异分别为4%、5%,同时构建遗传关系树发现三者具有高度同源性,但可能由于地域不同导致气候海拔等因素的变化,致使兰州市犬复孔绦虫的部分cox1碱基发生变异。     

沙皮犬肠道蠕虫感染情况调查

对广东省南海市的68只沙皮犬进行了肠道寄生虫调查，采取粪便检查和对病死犬剖检。结果检出绦虫2种：即细粒棘球绦虫和复孔绦虫；检出线虫6种：即犬弓首线虫、犬钩虫、狮弓首蛔虫、巴西钩口线虫、犬鞭虫和犬胃线虫；吸虫1种：即抱茎棘隙吸虫。其中寄生于沙皮犬肠道优势种为犬复孔绦虫、犬钩虫和犬弓首线虫。     

Taeniacidal efficacy of SQ 21,704 in dogs by various types of oral administration and in comparison with niclosamide and bunamidine hydrochloride

The streptothrinin antibiotics SQ 21,704 was evaluated against naturally occurring Taenia pisiformis and Dipylidium caninum infections in dogs when they were given at a dose level of 37.5 mg/kg of body weight in four different rations: loaf-type canned meat; chunk-type canned meat; dry (gravy-type) meal; and dry (pelleted) meal. The SQ 21,704 was 100% efficacious against both T pisiformis and D caninum infections when given with the chunk, gravy, and pelleted rations. When given with the loaf-type canned meat, it was 100% effective against T pisiformis and 60% efficacious against D caninum. The SQ 21,704 was effective against both tapeworm species when given orally as a liquid at a dose level of 37.5 mg/kg, formulated as an aqueous suspension containing 94 mg of activity per milliter. The SQ 21,704 was also tested in dogs when given orally in gelatin capsules at a dose level of 37.5 mg/kg without fasting, and was 100% efficacious against both tapeworm species. The results of a comparative taeniacidal study demonstrated that SQ 21,704 was 100% effective in removing both T pisiformis and D caninum when administered orally at a dose level of 37.5 mg/kg, whereas niclosamide and bunamidine hydrochloride were only partially effective at their recommended dose levels. One of five dogs treated with niclosamide at a dose level of 157 mg/kg was positive at necropsy, giving an orally efficacy of 80%. Three of five dogs treated with bunamidine hydrochloride at a dose level of 49 mg/kg were positive at necropsy, giving an overall efficacy of 40%.     

Dose titration and confirmation tests for determination of cesticidal efficacy of epsiprantel in dogs

Fifty-five dogs, naturally infected with Taenia sp or Dipylidium caninum or both, were assigned to the following treatment groups for dose titration studies with epsiprantel: nonmedicated control dogs (n = 14), medicated dogs given a dosage of 2.75 mg/kg of body weight (n = 15), medicated dogs given a dosage of 5.5 mg/kg (n = 16), and medicated dogs given a dosage of 8.25 mg/kg (n = 10). Medication was given orally in a tablet formulation. Feces were examined for cestodes passed and the gastrointestinal tract was examined at necropsy for retained cestodes. Efficacy of epsiprantel was 92.9% against Taenia and 44.8% against Dipylidium for a dosage of 2.75 mg/kg, 100% against Taenia and 99.8% against Dipylidium for a dosage of 5.5 mg/kg, and 94.6% against Taenia and 100% against Dipylidium for a dosage of 8.25 mg/kg. For dose confirmation, 36 dogs naturally infected with Taenia sp or D caninum or both were allotted to 2 treatment groups: nonmedicated control dogs (n = 16) and dogs medicated with epsiprantel at a dosage of 5.5 mg/kg (n = 20). Efficacy was 100% for both Taenia sp and D caninum.     

Anthelmintic efficacy of febantel combined with praziquantel in dogs

Ninety-four dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups (5 treated and 1 untreated control) for evaluation of anthelmintic efficacy. Three anthelmintic formulations were studied: a febantel paste, a praziquantel paste, and a combination paste containing both active ingredients. Treated dogs were dosed once daily for 3 days. The minimal effective dosages in combination were established as 10 mg of febantel and 1 mg of praziquantel/kg of body weight. At those dosages for the combination, 99.5% to 100% of the major nematodes and cestodes identified (ie, Ancylostoma caninum, Trichuris vulpis, Toxocara canis, Dipylidium caninum, and Taenia pisiformis) were eliminated. Febantel paste (10 mg/kg) alone was ineffective against cestodes (14.2% elimination of Dipylidium caninum) and praziquantel paste (1 mg/kg) alone was ineffective (0% to 2.4% elimination) against nematodes.     

Critical evaluation of taeniacidal antibiotic S15-1 (SQ 21, 704) for removal of natural tapeworm infections in dogs and cats

The new taeniacidal antibiotic S15-1 (SQ 21,704) was evaluated against naturally occuring infections of Taenia pisiformis in 53 dogs, Dipylidium caninum in 35 dogs, T taeniaformis in 18 cats, and D caninum in 33 cats. It all instances, the compound was administered in gelatine capsules in a single oral dose. The doses tested were between and 200 mg/kg of body weight in dogs and between 15 and 45 mg/kg in cats. In dogs, doses of 25 mg/kg and greater were 100% effective against T pisiformis, whereas a dose of 50 mg/kg was necessary to clear D caninum. In cats, a single oral dose of 22.5 mg/kg was 100% efficacious against T taeniaeformis, and a single dose of 45 mg/kg (the largest dose tested) clearly seven of eight cats of D caninum. The efficacy was limited to tapeworms only; there was no efficacy against nematodes. The antibiotic was well tolerated by both species with no drug-related vomiting or other side-effects observed.     

Efficacy of nitroscanate against naturally acquired infection with Ancylostoma caninum, Dipylidium caninum, and Trichuris vulpis in dogs

Eighteen dogs with naturally acquired helminth infections were used to evaluate the efficacy of nitroscanate against Ancylostoma caninum, Dipylidium caninum, and Trichuris vulpis. Approximately 15 minutes before treatment, the dogs were given 100 to 200 g of canned dog food. Ten dogs were treated with nitroscanate (50 mg/kg of body weight, PO), and 8 dogs were given placebo tablets PO. The dogs were euthanatized and necropsied 10 days after treatment and helminths were recovered from the small intestine and cecum. On the basis of the number of worms recovered from treated dogs vs the number recovered from control dogs, we determined the efficacy of nitroscanate to be 99.6% against A caninum, 99.8% against D caninum, and 0% against T vulpis.     

Epsiprantel, a new tapeworm remedy. Preliminary efficacy studies in dogs and cats

The anthelmintic potential of epsiprantel, 2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-4-oxo-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,12b-octahydropyrazin [2,1-a] [2]benzapine, was revealed using the tapeworms Dipylidium caninum and Taenia taeniaeformis in the cat, and Taenia pisiformis and T. hydatigena in the dog. Subsequent controlled tests in cats demonstrated oral efficacy of 100% against D. caninum with a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg. Although consistently 100% effective against T. taeniaeformis at 5 mg/kg, a single worm was found in one cat treated at 7.5 mg/kg. In experimental infections of Taenia pisiformis in dogs, 100% activity was achieved from a single oral dose of 1 mg/kg. No adverse reaction or drug-associated toxicity were observed at dose levels used.     

Uredofos: anthelmintic activity against nematodes and cestodes in dogs with naturally occurring infections.

A new broad-spectrum anthelmintic, uredofos, was tested in 146 dogs by single and multiple oral dosing. Single doses of 100 and 50 (but not 25) mg/kg were totally effective in removing Dipylidium caninum and Taenia spp from 46 dogs with infections of tapeworms. Among groups of 15 to 20 dogs, the average percentage efficacies against Toxocara canis for single soese of 100, 50, and 25 mg/kg were 98, 96, and 81%, respectively. The average percentage of efficacies against hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum) were greater than 96% in dogs treated with single doses of 100, 50, or 25 mg/kg and were 100% in the 35 dogs given 2 or 3 treatments (24-hour intervals) at dose levels of either 25 or 50 mg/kg. The whipworm, Trichuris vulpis, was not efficaciously eliminated by single doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg (av percentage of efficacies of 30, 35, and 71%, respectively). Efficacy against T vulpis markedly improved when 2 doses were given at a 24-hour interval (av percentage of efficacies were 89% at dose level of 25 mg/kg and 99% at dose level of 50 mg/kg). At either dose (25 or 50 mg/kg), 3 daily treatments were no more efficacious against whipworms than were 2 doses. There was no evidence of drug toxicosis in any dogs tested. It was concluded that uredofos is highly effective against canine tapeworms, ascarids, and hookworms when given as a single dose of 50 mg/kg and against whipworm when given at dose level of 50 mg/kg/day for 2 days.     

Activity of ivermectin against canine intestinal helminths

The anthelmintic activity of ivermectin was tested in 98 dogs against adult ascarids (Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina), hookworms (Ancylostoma caninum, A braziliense), and whipworms (Trichuris vulpis), and against experimentally induced infections (4th-stage larvae) of T canis and A caninum. Dosage levels tested were single subcutaneous injections of 50, 100, 200, or 400 micrograms/kg of body weight with appropriate vehicle-treated controls. A minimum of 4 (usually 5) dogs were tested with each parasite and dosage level. The lowest dosage level, 50 micrograms/kg, and all higher dosage levels expelled greater than 99% of the adult forms of both species of hookworms and intestinal larval forms of A caninum, as determined by worm counts at necropsy. A dosage level of 100 micrograms/kg was required to expel greater than 99% of whipworms and 200 micrograms/kg was necessary to expel adult (91%) and larval (97%) stages of T canis. Ivermectin was only marginally effective (34.2%, 46.2%, 69.2%, and 53.8%) against Toxascaris leonina at 50, 100, 200, and 400 micrograms/kg, respectively, and had no effect against occasional infections with the tapeworms, Dipylidium caninum (14 dogs) and Taenia spp (3 dogs).     

硝唑尼特治疗犬贾第虫病的研究

选择试验犬8只,将其随机分为4个小组,每组2只.连续6 d对8只试验犬分剐进行粪检,确定无贾第虫感染后,用体外纯培养的犬贾第虫滋养体接种试验犬,然后每天采集试验犬新鲜粪便40 g,用硫酸锌漂浮法进行粪检,当检测犬贾第虫感染呈阳性时,分别用1、2、4 mg/kg体质量剂量的硝唑尼特时1、2、3组试验犬进行灌服治疗,第4组试验犬不用药作为对照.用药后,每天以同样的方法检测贾第虫包囊,并计数.结果表明,以2、4 mg/kg体质量给药的试验犬1 d后粪检结果转为阴性,以1 mg/kg体质量给药的试验犬4 d后粪检结果转为阴性.结果表明以2、4 mg/kg体质量剂量的硝唑尼特对犬贾第虫痛有很好的疗效.     

Effect of milbemycin oxime against Ancylostoma caninum in dogs with naturally acquired infection

Twenty-six mixed-breed (14 males, 12 females) dogs were used in a double-blind study to evaluate the effect of milbemycin oxime against naturally acquired infection with Ancylostoma caninum. Dogs were ranked and paired, on the basis of number of hookworm eggs/g of feces, and treatment was randomly assigned. Each dog was given either the study drug or placebo (1 tablet/11.4 kg [0.5 mg/kg] of body weight). Eggs per gram of feces enumeration was done on days 3 and 7 after treatment, and dogs were euthanatized on day 7. On day 3, 5 of the 13 dogs in the milbemycin-treated group had hookworm eggs in the feces (results of the McMaster test). In these dogs, mean number of eggs per gram of feces had decreased markedly (from 5,289 to 452) and, by day 7, was 114. At necropsy, 16 A caninum adults were recovered from 2 of the milbemycin-treated dogs. On day 3, 12 of the 13 dogs in the placebo-treated group had hookworm eggs in the feces. Mean number of eggs per gram of feces in these dogs decreased slightly (from 5,243 to 2,646), but did not decrease further by day 7. A mean number of 54.4 A caninum adults was recovered from 12 of the 13 placebo-treated dogs at necropsy. Milbemycin oxime had 97.8% efficacy against A caninum. Results also indicated that milbemycin oxime may be effective against Trichuris vulpis, but not against Dipylidium caninum.