Single radial hemolysis test for the detection of rinderpest antibody

Summary The single radial hemolysis [SRH] test was employed for detection of rinderpest antibodies in post-vaccinated serum samples as also in serum samples from animals recovered from rinderpest infection. The results were compared with counterimmunoelectrophoresis [CIE] and serum neutralisation [SN] tests. The CIE test was found to be more sensitive than SRH but because of ease and simplicity SRH can also be used for monitoring antibody development after vaccination.

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Resumen Se utilizó la prueba radial sencilla de hemólisis (RSH) para detectar anticuerpos de rinderpest, en muestras de suero de animales vacunados y recuperados de la enfermedad. Los resultados se compararon con las pruebas de contrainmunoelectroforésis (CIE) y sero neutralización (SN). La prueba CIE fue más sensitiva que la RSH, pero debido a la sencillez de manejo, se recomienda la RSH para medir el nivel de anticuerpos post vacunales.

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Résumé Le test d’hémolyse radiale simple (HRS) a été utilisé pour la détection des anticorps antibovipestiques dans des échantillons de sérums après vaccination et aussi dans des échantillons de sérums d’animaux convalescents. Les résultats ont été comparés avec les tests de contre-immunoélectrophorèse (CIE) et de séroneutralisation (SN). On a trouvé que le test CIE est plus sensible que le HRS mais par suite de son aisance et de sa facilité, le HRS peut aussi être employé pour suivre le développement des anticorps après vaccination.

     

Reverse phase passive haemagglutination test for the detection of rinderpest antigen

Reverse phase passive haemagglutination [RPHA] test was applied for the detection of rinderpest antigen in various organs of rinderpest infected cattle. The results of RPHA were compared with counter immunoelectrophoresis [CIE] and single radial haemolysis [SRH] test. RPHA was as sensitive as CIE and SRH in detecting rinderpest antigen.     

Microelisa test for detecting antibodies to rinderpest virus antigens

Summary A microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed which detected antibodies to a soluble antigen prepared from sonicated rinderpest virus-infected cells. The ELISA detected titres of antibody to the virus in the sera of cattle 3 weeks after immunisation with tissue culture rinderpest virus vaccine which were similar to those detected by the virus neutralisation test. The ELISA test shows potential as a rapid and economic technique for screening large numbers of sera for antibody to rinderpest virus.

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La Prueba Micro-Elisa Para Detectar Anticuerpos Producidos Por Antigenos Del Virus De Rinderpest

Resumen Se utilizó la prueba micro-ELISA para detectar anticuerpos producidos por un antígeno soluble preparado con células sonicadasinfectadas con el virus de rinderpest. La prueba ELISA detectó anticuerpos en el suero de bovinos, 3 semanas después de que éstos fueron inmunizados con la vacuna de rinderpest, preparada ésta en cultivos celulares. Los anticuerpos detectados fueron similares a los estudiados mediante la prueba de neutralización viral. La prueba ELISA se perfila como una técnica rápida y económica para trabajar un número apreciable de muestras de suero con el fin de detectar anticuerpos del virus de rinderpest.

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Un Micro-Test Elisa Pour Deceler Les Anticorps Specifiques Du Vir Us Bovipestique

Résumé Un test immuno-enzymatique (ELISA) a été mis au point déceler les anticorps correspondant à un antigène préparé par traitement aux ultra-sons de cellules infectées. Les titres sériques obtenus par cette méthode dans les sérums de bovins immunisés trois semaines auparavant avec du vaccin de culture cellulaire se sont révélés comparables à ceux obtenus par la méthode classique de séroneutralisation. Le test ELISA apparait comme un moyen rapide et économique pour rechercher les anticorps spécifiques du virus bovipestique dans des sérums en grand nombre.

     

Use of the caprinised strain of rinderpest virus for potency testing an attenuated cell culture rinderpest vaccine

The caprinised strain of rinderpest virus was inoculated into goats to produce a challenge stock. These goats were kept with control animals (goats, sheep, calves). In this trial the caprinised strain was shown to have a mild pathogenicity for goats and it spread to one of two contact goats but not from goats to other species. The caprinised strain was then tested on cattle where a febrile reaction was observed. The caprinised strain also did not spread between cattle. The cattle vaccinated with a freeze-dried vaccine produced from the attenuated Kabete RBKO strain on bovine kidney cells were then challenged with the caprinised strain with good results.     

An epidemiological model of rinderpest. II. Simulations of the behaviour of rinderpest virus in populations

Fixed parameters for different hypothetical strains of rinderpest virus (RV) and different susceptible populations are described together with details of their derivation. Simulations were then carried out in a computer model to determine the effects that varying these parameters would have on the behaviour of RV in the different populations. The results indicated that virulent strains of RV are more likely to behave in epidemic fashion whereas milder strains tend towards persistence and the establishment of endemicity. High herd immunity levels prevent virus transmission and low herd immunity levels encourage epidemic transmission. Intermediate levels of immunity assist the establishment of endemicity. The virus is able to persist in large populations for longer than in small populations. Different vaccination strategies were also investigated. In areas where vaccination is inefficient annual vaccination of all stock may be the best policy for inducing high levels of herd immunity. In endemic areas and in herds recovering from epidemics the prevalence of clinically affected animals may be very low. In these situations veterinary officers are more likely to find clinical cases by examining cattle for mouth lesions rather than by checking for diarrhoea or high mortalities.     

The use of the direct immunoperoxidase test to detect the multiplication of rinderpest virus in bovine kidney cell culture

The direct immunoperoxidase test has been used to detect rinderpest virus antigens in infected bovine kidney cell cultures to study the multiplication of the virus. Infected bovine kidney coverslip cultures were sequentially tested with peroxidase-labelled, anti-rinderpest globulins at 3, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h post-infection. The progressive virus-specific cytopathic changes compared well with the increase in the number of cells showing the presence of viral antigens when tested by the direct immunoperoxidase test. The specificity of the reaction was confirmed by using negative and antiserum-blocked BK cell cultures on coverslips.     

Hyaluronidase test in the diagnosis of staphylococci

Using the Streptococcus equi decapsulation test, 879 strains of S. aureus, 212 strains of S. intermedius and 214 coagulase-negative staphylococci were examined for hyaluronidase production; six of the coagulase-negative staphylococci belonged to S. hyicus subsp. hyicus. Positive hyaluronidase production was recorded in all strains of S. aureus and in the strains of S. hyicus subsp. hyicus. No hyaluronidase was produced by 208 coagulase-negative staphylococci and the strains of S. intermedius. The decapsulation test is recommended as a reliable method of the differentiation of S. aureus and S. intermedius.