Genetic components of pod shattering in soybean

Half diallel crosses among ten pure breeding lines of soybean were made in 1997 and 1998 to study the inheritance of pod shattering in soybean. Evaluation for pod shattering among F₂ segregating populations was carried out in an oven set at 80 ^°C for 12 hours. Diallel analysis was carried out to estimate genetic parameters and detect presence of non allelic interaction of genes affecting pod shattering. Hayman's diallel analysis indicated significant variation of Wr + Vr and Wr – Vr over arrays, suggesting epistatic gene action. Similarly results from a joint regression coefficient over replications were significantly (p < 0.05) different from unity and zero, suggesting presence of non allelic interaction of genes. The intercept was positive, suggesting partial dominance for the shattering trait. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were significant (p < 0.05). This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mapping and use of QTLs controlling pod dehiscence in soybean

While the cultivated soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., is more recalcitrant to pod dehiscence (shattering-resistant) than wild soybean, Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc., there is also significant genetic variation in shattering resistance among cultivated soybean cultivars. To reveal the genetic basis and develop DNA markers for pod dehiscence, several research groups have conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using segregated populations derived from crosses between G. max accessions or between a G. max and G. soja accession. In the populations of G. max, a major QTL was repeatedly identified near SSR marker Sat_366 on linkage group J (chromosome 16). Minor QTLs were also detected in several studies, although less commonality was found for the magnitudes of effect and location. In G. max × G. soja populations, only QTLs with a relatively small effect were detected. The major QTL found in G. max was further fine-mapped, leading to the development of specific markers for the shattering resistance allele at this locus. The markers were used in a breeding program, resulting in the production of near-isogenic lines with shattering resistance and genetic backgrounds of Japanese elite cultivars. The markers and lines developed will hopefully contribute to the rapid production of a variety of shattering-resistant soybean cultivars.     

Variation in pod production and abortion among chickpea cultivars under terminal drought

The effect of terminal drought on the dry matter production, seed yield and its components including pod production and pod abortion was investigated in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Two desi (with small, angular and dark brown seeds) and two kabuli (with large, rounded and light coloured seeds) chickpea cultivars differing in seed size were grown in a controlled-temperature greenhouse, and water stress was applied by withholding irrigation 1 (early podding water stress, ES), 2 (mid-podding water stress, MS) or 3 (late-podding water stress, LS) weeks after the commencement of pod set. In addition, the pod and seed growth of well-watered plants was followed for the first 19 days after pod set. Growth of the pod wall followed a sigmoid pattern and was faster in the desi than in the kabuli cultivars, while no difference was found in early seed growth among genotypes. Time of pod set affected the yield components in all treatments with the late-initiated pods being smaller, having fewer seeds per pod and smaller seeds, but no significant difference between pods initiated on the same day on the primary and secondary branches was observed. Early stress affected biomass and seed yield more severely than the later stresses, and in all stress treatments secondary branches were more affected than primary ones. Pod production was more affected by early stress than by late stress, regardless of cultivar. Pod abortion was more severe in the kabuli than in the desi cultivars, but final seed size per se did not appear to be a determinant of pod abortion under terminal drought conditions. The data indicated that the production and viability of pods was affected as soon as water deficits began to develop. The results show that pod abortion is one of the key traits impacting on seed yield in chickpeas exposed to terminal drought and that irrespective of differences in phenology, kabuli types have greater pod abortion than desi types when water deficits develop shortly after first pod set.     

Simple sequence repeat markers linked to a major QTL controlling pod shattering in soybean

Shattering of soybean pods prior to harvest leads to a reduction in yield. In order to identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conditioning pod shattering, QTL analysis was conducted using an recombinant inbred line (RIL) population segregating for this trait. The degrees of pod‐shattering resistance were evaluated by heat treatment applied to pods harvested from plants in the field and in a growth chamber. Composite interval mapping identified one major QTL between SSR markers Sat_093 and Sat_366 on linkage group J for both environments. The position and the effect of this QTL were confirmed in an F₂ population derived from a cross between the pod shattering‐susceptible parental cultivar and a pod shattering‐resistant RIL. The SSR markers linked to the major QTL will be useful for marker‐assisted selection in soybean‐breeding programmes.     

Selection for pod retention and pod indehiscence in lentils

Summary The genetic variation for seed yield losses and the response to selection for reduction of such losses was studied by a six-week delay in the timing of harvest in various segregating populations from four lentil crosses. The bulk segregating populations had previously been subjected to different numbers of selection by means of a delayed harvest. The loss in seed yield from a delayed harvest in the two seasons 1981/82 and 1982/83 accounted for 551 and 105 kg/ha seed, representing 34 and 11% of the yield from a correctly timed harvest respectively. Pod drop accounted for 65% of this loss, whereas dehiscence gave 35% of the loss in both seasons. The parents of cross 4 differed significantly for pod dehiscence, with genotype 74TA 550 showing relative indehiscence. Selection by means of a delayed harvest of bulk populations decreased pod dehiscence, mean seed weight and bulk mean yield.     

利用Ln位点进行分子设计提高大豆单荚粒数

分子设计育种是将分子遗传学与传统育种相结合,并培育成具有优良性状的新品种的重要方法之一,尽管该方法很大程度上能够缩短育种进程,但在实际育种过程中却应用较少。在大豆的育种过程中,提高产量是主要的育种目标之一,其中,每荚粒数是决定大豆单株产量的关键性状之一。在大豆中,每荚粒数与叶片形状呈正相关,由一对等位基因Ln/ln控制,宽叶的大豆品种一般为Ln,窄叶的大豆品种一般为突变型ln,且ln伴随着更多的四粒荚。尽管Ln对于大豆单产的提高,具有潜在的重要作用,但将该位点应用于分子设计育种中,报道较少。本研究通过分析483份来自不同纬度大豆品种的Ln基因型发现,高纬度地区大豆品种一般为ln,而低纬度地区大豆品种一般为Ln。通过调查来自不同纬度的8个大豆品种的叶型和一粒荚至四粒荚个数发现,低纬度大豆品种均为圆叶品种,且几乎没有四粒荚。为将ln应用于低纬度地区大豆育种中,成功开发了Ln的分子标记,并通过连续回交的方法,将ln代换到圆叶型品种Willams 82和华夏3号中,获得了四粒荚较多的大豆新材料。本研究利用大豆分子设计育种的手段,提高了大豆单株产量,为加快大豆高产育种进程提供了重要的理论及实践基...     

菜用大豆落花落荚率与品种生育阶段的关系

本文采用单因素随机区组设计,研究菜用大豆品种生育阶段遗传差异对花荚脱落率的影响。结果表明：菜用大豆花荚脱落与各生育时期生育日数的遗传差异达极显著;花荚脱落率不仅与品种的开花阶段、结荚阶段日数呈极显著负相关,并均有显著的回归线性效应。     

Identification and validation of number of pod ‐ and seed ‐ related traits QTLs in soybean

Traits related to the number of pods and seeds are important yield factors on soybean. The relationships between phenotype and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of these traits may reveal the mechanisms underlying productivity. Our study objectives were to analyse phenotypic correlations, detect stable QTLs and identify candidate genes useful for marker‐assisted selection. Phenotypic analyses revealed that NThSP (number of three‐seeded pods) was positively correlated with NPPP (number of pods per plant) and SNPP (number of seeds per plant). Seventy‐five QTLs were identified based on the mean phenotypic data for at least 2 years. We detected two to 15 and one to three significant QTLs identified at the same location, respectively. Six consensus QTLs associated with at least two NPS‐related (number of pods and seeds related) traits were identified. Two of these were verified in another population. The QTLs for NPPP, SNPP and NThSP formed a consensus QTL cluster on GM02. Another 27 QTLs also formed clusters in five regions. Fifteen candidate genes were mined and discussed. The results will provide more information to soybean breeding.     

河南省大豆生产存在问题及发展建议

<正>河南省位于黄淮夏大豆产区的腹地,种植大豆历史悠久。《小雅·小宛》有:"中原有菽,庶民采之。"就是最好的明证。大豆生产主要集中在豫中东平原区,南阳盆地,包括周口、商丘、许昌、漯河、南阳等地市,豫北     

Photosynthetic characteristics of subtending leaves and their relationships with soybean pod development under heat,drought and combined stresses

Soybean is usually grown under rain-fed conditions, and long-term drought stress often occurs with short-term heat stress. This study aimed to investigate changes in the photosynthetic characteristics of subtending leaves and their relationships with pod development under short-term heat, long-term drought and their combined stresses. Short-term heat stress lasted for 5 days began at R5 stage, and long-term drought stress lasted from R5 stage until maturity, respectively. No significant effect was observed on pod development under short-term heat stress alone due to unaffected net photosynthetic rate after treatment and PSII recovery after the heat stress release. Except that the reduction of sucrose content had been brought forward from 12 to 5 days after treatment under combined stresses, application of combined stresses caused similar responses to long-term drought stress alone on the photosynthetic characteristics of subtending leaves and pod development, but more pronounced under combined stresses. Reduced pod weight and seed weight per pod under long-term drought stress alone or combined stress due to a decrease in the net photosynthetic rate and production of sucrose and starch, especially after 19 days of treatment. Findings from this study demonstrate that under combined stress, long-term drought stress had a dominant effect on the photosynthetic performance of subtending leaves and pod development over short-term heat stress; moreover, even short-term heat stress also exacerbates the negative effects of long-term drought stress.     

关于发展黄淮海地区大豆生产和育种问题

大豆的重要性：据FAO统计：大豆粉占世界８种主要作物蛋白粉的６５．４８％，居各作物的首位。大豆油占世界１４种作物生产的食用油的２５．１０％，最近报道，大豆油已占食用油的３０％，居植物油首位。大豆在大宗农产品国际贸易的地位，居前列，近年来，我国大豆总产量达１４     

Molecular loci associated with seed isoflavone content may underlie resistance to soybean pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella)

Soybean pod borer (SPB) (Leguminivora glycinivorella (Mats.) Obraztsov) causes severe loss of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) seed yield and quality in some regions of the world, especially in north‐eastern China, Japan and Russia. Isoflavones in soybean seed play a crucial role in plant resistance to diseases and pests. The aim of this study was to find whether SPB resistance QTL are associated with soybean seed isoflavone content. A cross was made between ‘Zhongdou 27’ (higher isoflavone content) and ‘Jiunong 20’ (lower isoflavone content). One hundred and twelve F_5:10 recombinant inbred lines were derived through single‐seed descent. A plastic‐net cabinet was used to cover the plants in early August, and thirty SPB moths per square metre were put in to infest the soybean green pods. The results indicated that the percentage of seeds damaged by SPB was positively correlated with glycitein content (GC), whereas it was negatively correlated with genistein (GT), daidzein (DZ) and total isoflavone content (TI). Four QTL underlying SPB damage to seeds were identified and the phenotypic variation for SPB resistance explained by the four QTL ranged from 2% to 14% on chromosomes Gm7, 10, 13 and 17. Moreover, eleven QTL underlying isoflavone content were identified, and ten of them were encompassed within the same four marker intervals as the SPB QTL (BARC‐Satt208‐Sat292, Satt144‐Sat074, Satt540‐Sat244 and Satt345‐Satt592). These QTL could be useful in marker‐assisted selection for breeding soybean cultivars with both SPB resistance and high seed isoflavone content.     

延安市大豆生产现状及发展对策研究

通过对延安市2007-2009年大豆产业情况调研,全面分析了生产过程中存在问题及技术需求,提出了大豆产业发展的思路与对策。     

Inheritance of pigmentation and pod shape in winged bean

Summary The inheritance of five qualitative character differences in winged bean was studied in two crosses. All five character pairs were based on a single gene difference with complete dominance of purple over green stem colour, purple over green calyx colour, purple over green pod wing colour, purple specks over green pod and rectangular over flat pod shape. Linkage was observed between stem and calyx colour and also pod wing colour and pod specks.     

河北省太行山区大豆生产现状与发展建议

2019-2020年河北省大豆产业技术体系创新团队太行山区试验站在河北省保定、石家庄、邢台、邯郸等太行山区就本区域大豆产业现状与生产种植情况进行调研,调查、收集和整理本区域技术需求、产业发展需求信息和发展动态。对河北省太行山区大豆产业基本情况、大豆分布及种植、存在问题及发展方向进行介绍,为提升河北省太行山区大豆生产水平提出建议,以供参考。     

Identification of QTL underlying the resistance of soybean to pod borer, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leguminivora glycinivorella</Emphasis> (Mats.) obraztsov,and correlations with plant,pod and seed traits

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella (Mats.) Obraztsov) (SPB) results in severe loss in soybean yield and quality in certain regions of the world, especially in Northeastern China, Japan and Russia. The aim here was to evaluate the inheritance of pod borer resistance and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying SPB resistance for the acceleration of the control of this pest. Used were the 129 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the F_5:6 derived population from ‘Dong Nong 1068’ × ‘Dong Nong 8004’ and 131 SSR markers. Correlations between the percentage of damaged seeds (PDS) by pod borer and plant, pod and seed traits that were potentially related to SPB resistance were analyzed. The results showed highly significant correlations between PDS by pod borer and plant height (PH), maturity date (MA), pod color (PC), pubescence density (PB), 100-seed weight (SW) and protein content existed. Soybeans with dwarf stem, light color of pod coat, small seeds, lower density of pubescence, early maturity and low content of protein seemed to have higher resistance to SPB. The correlated traits had potential to inhibit egg deposition and thereby to decrease the damage by SPB. Three QTL directly associated with the resistance to SPB judged by PDS at harvest were identified. qRspb-1 (Satt541–Satt253) and qRspb-2 (Satt253–Satt314) were both on linkage group (LG) H and qRspb-3 (Satt288–Satt199) on LG G. The three QTL explained 10.96, 9.73 and 11.59% of the phenotypic variation for PDS, respectively. In addition, 12 QTL that underlay 10 of 13 traits potentially related with SPB resistance were found. These QTL detected jointly provide potential for marker assisted selection to improve cultivar resistance to SPB. Guiyun Zhao, Jian Wang, and Yingpeng Han have equal contribution to the paper.     

Temporal and lateral fluctuations in production and biomass of bacterioplankton in the western Dutch Wadden Sea

To contribute to the validation of a recently developed ecosystem model of the western Wadden Sea (EON, 1988), data on bacterial biomass and production were acquired. Seven field stations, spread over the two main basins of the estuarine system, were sampled monthly in 1986. Between these basins significant differences were found in counts, biovolume, biomass and production of bacteria (measured by the ³H-thymidine method) with consistently higher mean values of bacterial variables in the Vlie basin. Bacterial production rates of 2 to 175 mg C· m⁻³· d⁻¹ were obtained for the Vlie basin, with an annual production of 10 to 11 g C· m⁻³, while the production in the Marsdiep basin did not exceed 45 mg C·m⁻³ ·d⁻¹, with an annual production of g C·m⁻³. Bacterial biomass varied over the year from 2 to 140 mg C·m⁻³ in the study area, with a mean biomass of 39 mg C·m⁻³ in the Vlie basin and 23 mg C·m⁻³ in the Marsdiep basin. Blooms of bacteria occurred in May and July–August. Spatial and temporal fluctuations in bacterial variables are discussed, taking into account different environmental factors and the availability of food for bacteria in relation to transport and exchange of water masses between the two basins and the North Sea. Results are compared with the results as simulated by the ecosystem model.     

双高杂交大豆新品种吉育633

吉吉育633为黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院与吉林省农业科学院联合以不育系JLCMS204A为母本、恢复系JLR230为父本育成的杂交大豆新品种,2020年通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种具有如下优点：一是蛋脂双高,蛋白质含量42.78%,脂肪含量20.44%,蛋脂总和63.22%;二是高产稳产,区域试验在所有试验点均表现为增产,平均产量达到3167.4kg/hm2,较对照品种合丰50平均增产12.9%;三是适应性广,较适宜黑龙江省第二积温带种植,该区大豆适宜种植面积大,推广应用前景广阔。     

广西毛豆生产现状、问题及产业化发展对策

针对目前广西毛豆生产存在的品种退化、布局分散、栽培技术落后、加工销售不畅等问题,结合国内外市场需求,提出要把广西毛豆产业做大做强,应采取如下5个方面对策：加快优良品种的繁育推广;建立规范化、规模化生产基地;发展一批科技型精深加工企业;培植市场流通服务体系;加强产业宣传和政策引导。