紫苏油的特点及其应用

本文介绍了n—3、n—6系列脂肪酸的差异,生理功能和存在;紫苏油的研究和应用前景令人鼓舞。     

大麻籽油不皂化物的分离与分析

采用薄板层析、气相色谱对大麻籽油中甾醇、4－甲基甾醇及三萜醇等不皂化物的成分进行了分离和分析。并用气相色谱－质谱联用确定了甾醇中的6种化合物。     

GC法测定紫苏油中α—亚麻酸的含量

本文报道了气相色谱法测定紫苏油中α—亚麻酸的含量.采用皂化及三氟化硼一甲醇试剂将紫苏油中的脂肪酸甲酯化,以丁二酸二乙二醇聚酯(DEGS)为固定相进行气相色谱分析,用峰面积归一化法定量.结果表明该法快速准确,重现性好,精密度0.08%,平均加样回收率101.31%.     

不同旱稻品种产量与性状的主成分分析

为了明确旱稻品种的生长发育规律,以及与产量形成的主要因素,为旱稻育种与栽培研究提供理论依据。本试验以10个参试旱稻品种(系)为试材,采用随机区组设计,通过对旱稻品种的主要农艺性状进行主成分分析,研究结果表明:参试品种在不同性状间差异较大,尤其在有效穗数、穗实粒数等高产育种性状上存在较大差异。吉林省旱稻主栽品种粒数因子较为重要,贡献率为40.428%,并以穗粒数、每穗实粒数的分量值较高,而产量的提高应进一步提高株高,同时提高有效穗。因此,在旱稻高产育种中,应适度增加材料的株高和选择多穗的材料,可增加选育材料的单株产量。     

莲都区发展茶叶籽油生产可行性分析

在茶叶生产中,每年产生的大量茶叶籽没有很好地得到开发利用而白白地浪费掉,而茶叶籽油是可与山茶油、橄榄油媲美的高档食用油。有目的有计划地对茶叶籽进行开发利用,不仅可以增加茶农收入,促进茶产业稳步发展,而且为高端食用油的开发开劈了新的途径。本文结合生产实际分析了莲都区发展茶叶籽油生产的可行性。     

基于主成分分析法评价不同产地香牙蕉的营养品质

通过主成分分析和聚类分析2种方法对采自5个产地的香牙蕉（广西、云南、福建、海南和广东）功能性营养成分与品质指标进行比较和分析,首先对5个产地香牙蕉样品的各营养和感官指标进行相关系数矩阵分析,得到5个产地香牙蕉样品分别在F1风味和矿物质元素指标（甜度、可溶性固形物、总酸、水分、钾、磷、镁、铜）、F2维生素类指标（维生素B₆、烟酸、β-胡萝卜素和多糖）、F3外观指标（长度和围径）、F4感官指标（香味、可食率）、F5功能性指标（槲皮素、总抗性淀粉）五大主成分上的累计方差贡献率达78.89%,因此这5个因子能够用作分析香牙蕉品质的主要指标。通过三维散点图和计算综合得分,云南、广东、海南省3地香牙蕉样品总体得分居高,结果表明香牙蕉营养品质较高,而福建省香牙蕉营养品质较低。进一步结合聚类分析的层次聚类和K-均值聚类2种分析方法,与主成分分析的结果一致,云南省香牙蕉品质最高,其余产地品质分属一类与二类。这可能与各指标差异性分析中的云南省香牙蕉样品在β-胡萝卜素、香蕉多糖和矿物质元素等指标上显著高于其他4个产区（P<0.05）相关。通过以上不同方法综合分析,可以得出来自五大产区的香牙蕉样品综合营养品质水平,研究结果为我国香牙蕉的品种培育、产地选择提供理论依据及参考。     

玉米杂交种的主成分分析

本文对45个玉米杂交种的23个性状进行了主成分分析,并对23个性状分别与第一、二、三主成分值之间的相关关系进行了研究,发现第一主成分主要凝聚着粒重正因子到叶层负因子信息,第二主成分凝聚叶形正因子到经济性状负因子信息,第三主成分主要凝聚着株高、叶片数正因子到灌浆负因子信息,从而认为第一主成分较大,第二主成分较小到第三主成分适中的玉米杂交种综合性状较好.     

黑龙江省不同积温带水稻产量构成因素主成分分析

对2007年黑龙江省三大积温带水稻产量构成因素和产量进行相关分析。结果表明,在第一、二积温带单位面积穗数、每穗粒数与产量相关性表现为极显著正相关,第一积温带千粒重与产量表现显著正相关、空秕率与产量表现显著负相关,第二集温带千粒重与产量表现正相关、空秕率与产量表现负相关;第三积温带单位面积穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重与产量表现正相关,空秕率与产量表现负相关,但相关性未达显著水平。主成分分析表明,水稻产量构成因素对产量的影响表现为:第一积温带产量构成因素对产量的影响表现为每穗粒数空秕率单位面积穗数千粒重;第二积温带表现为每穗粒数空秕率千粒重单位面积穗数;第三积温带表现为单位面积穗数空秕率每穗粒数千粒重。     

火麻籽油中酚类化合物的检测及抗氧化活性研究

本文建立了采用高效液相色谱法同时检测火麻籽油中10种酚类物质的方法,10种单体酚检出限为0.05～0.12μg/mL,线性相关系数为0.9970～0.9998,回收率为85%～108%。检测了8份不同产地火麻籽油的总酚、总黄酮含量及体外抗氧化活性指标（DPPH、FRAP、ABTS+·）。总酚含量为1.20～17.35mg对香豆酸/100g,总黄酮含量为7.61～51.72mg柚皮苷/100g。DPPH清除能力为9.03～19.71mmol TE/100g,FRAP还原能力为13.12～30.09mmol TE/100g,ABTS+•清除能力为29.40～358.37mmol TE/100g。相关性分析表明,总酚含量与DPPH、ABTS+•清除能力和FRAP还原能力呈显著正相关;总黄酮含量与DPPH清除能力、FRAP的还原能力呈显著正相关。     

不同辐射剂量下秀珍菇营养价值效应的主成分分析

应用多元统计成分分析法,对不同辐射剂量下秀珍菇蛋白质营养价值的6个主要营养指标进行相关及主成分分析。结果表明：化学评分与氨基酸评分呈极显著正相关,与必需氨基酸指数、生物价和氨基酸比值系数分呈显著正相关。氨基酸评分与必需氨基酸指数和生物价呈极显著正相关,与氨基酸比值系数分呈显著正相关。必需氨基酸指数与生物价呈极显著正相关。主成分分析显示,可将原6个营养指标综合为2个主成分,其累积贡献率可达98.28％。根据主成分对原性状的综合能力进行营养价值分析,2个主成分可分别解释为氨基酸评分和化学评分效应因子及营养指数     

紫苏子油不皂化物的分离与分析

采用快速硅胶柱层析和气相色谱对紫苏子油中甾醇、4 - 甲基甾醇及三萜醇等不皂化物的成分进行了分 离和分析。并用气相色谱- 质谱联用技术确定了甾醇中的7种化合物,它们分别为胆甾醇(Cholesterol) 、菜油甾醇 (Campesterol) 、豆甾醇( Stigmasterol) 、β - 谷甾醇(β - Sitosterol) 、α - 菠菜甾醇(α - Sp inasterol) 、Δ5 - 燕麦甾醇(Δ5 - Avenasterol)和Δ7 - 豆甾烯(Δ7 - Stigmastenol) 。     

用主成分分析法选择金柑果实品质的评价因素

用主成分分析法分析了28份金柑果实样品品质构成的10个指标因子。结果表明,前6个主成分反映了果实品质94.02%的信息,根据6个主成分对10个品质因子的特征向量进行系统聚类分析,得到6个指标类别,在此基础上依主成分特征向量（权重系数）大小选择可溶性固形物、单果重、种子数、着色度、维生素C、可滴定酸共6个指标为金柑果实品质的评价因素。     

Identification of different potential production areas for corn in Italy through multitemporal yield map analysis

In order to optimize production factors, farmer has to know production variability and its origin at both the farm level and the field level. Improving Nitrogen management for cereal crops, which need high amounts of the element during the whole production cycle requires, as precision agriculture states, that within-field variability is accurately identified and interpreted. This is particularly difficult in those situations where agronomically significant variability is detected and even in small fields, as is generally the situation in some European countries.     

Development of standard fingerprints of naked oats using chromatography combined with principal component analysis and cluster analysis

Oat samples of different varieties were collected from various habitats for the determination of avenacoside, β-glucan and fatty contents. The variation coefficients of the three components were 12.13%, 20.79% and 22.46%, respectively. Thus, those three indicators cannot represent the information of all samples, and are not suitable for evaluating the quality of oat raw materials and products. Fatty acid profiles were analyzed using gas chromatography combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. Fourteen leather oat varieties were distinguished through a PCA scores scatterplot. Forty-six naked oat varieties were selected by cluster analysis and eleven characteristic peaks in these naked oats were identified. Finally, accurate fatty acid standard fingerprints of naked oats were constructed. The results of methodological indicated high precision, reproducibility and stability, in line with fingerprint testing requirements. This study fills the knowledge gap for naked oat fingerprint information, expands the grain fatty acid database, and lays the foundations of a grain nutritional liposome identification technology system.     

基于主成分分析的保靖黄金茶加工过程中氨基酸动态变化研究

以茶树品种保靖黄金茶1号为材料,研究了品质成分氨基酸总量及游离氨基酸组分在加工过程中的动态变化。结果表明,氨基酸总量呈“M”形双峰变化趋势,但产品的含量要高于鲜叶;SPSS主成分分析表明,加工过程中氨基酸总量的变化与天冬氨酸（Asp）和亮氨酸（Leu）变化呈极显著正相关,与茶氨酸（Theanine）呈显著正相关;与丙氨酸（Ala）、脯氨酸（Pro）呈显著负相关。同时,18种游离氨基酸对氨基酸总量变化的影响可分为3个主成分,第一主成分为天冬氨酸（Asp）、异亮氨酸（Ile）、茶氨酸（Theanine）、缬氨酸（Val）、苏氨酸（Thr）、精氨酸（Arg）、苯丙氨酸（Phe）7种氨基酸;第二主成分为甲硫氨酸（Met）;第三主成分为谷氨酸（Glu）、丝氨酸（Ser）、亮氨酸（Leu）、半胱氨酸（Cys）和组氨酸（His）;三个主成分的累积方差达到99．46％,可以解释加工过程中氨基酸的动态变化过程。     

基于主成分和聚类分析的冀花高油酸花生品种综合评价

利用3年表型和重测序数据分别对11个冀花高油酸花生品种进行主成分分析和聚类分析。结果发现,15个性状中脂肪含量变异系数最小为1.91%,除亚油酸外产量性状变异均大于品质变异系数,百果重与百仁重呈极显著正相关,油酸和亚油酸呈极显著负相关。主成分分析提取的前2个主成分累计贡献率达78.99%,利用表型性状对品种进行分类,结果与系谱关系部分一致。质控后获得320 000个分布均匀的高质量SNP位点,利用基因型数据将11个品种聚为4类,能够将同一组合衍生品种划分为同一类,结果与品种系谱关系一致。因此,利用基因型数据更能准确反映品种内在遗传基础,为种质资源的分类和利用提供参考。     

Qualitative variation of Camelina sativa seed from different locations

Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz is a flexible oil-seed crop that can be grown under different climatic and soil conditions. To evaluate the effects of growth conditions on the quality of camelina seed, samples originating from 11 remote locations in Europe and in Scandinavia (6° W–25°E, 48–61°N) were analysed for content of oil, crude protein and crude fibre. The evaluation was restricted to three promising summer cultivars chosen from seven tested varieties/cultivars. Among the cultivars, a statistically significant variation in the content of oil and crude protein was found. The average content of oil in seed ranged from 39.6 to 44.1%/DM. The average content of crude protein ranged from 39.2 to 47.4%/f.f. DM, and the average content of crude fibre was 12.5–16.8%/f.f. DM. The general mean content of oil was 42.0%/DM, crude protein 43.6%/f.f. DM, and the content of crude fibre was 14.5%/f.f. DM. The variation in the quality of seed was ascribed partly to the cultivars and mainly to the combined effects of the climatic and soil conditions under which the crop was grown.     

A new approach to selecting a regionalized design hyetograph by principal component analysis and analytic hierarchy process

Designing storm hyetographs is the essential element of hydrologic modeling analysis and storm water drainage design. In order to reasonably use storm hyetograph design in an un-gauged area, a regional representative hyetograph from an alternative and uniform area must be found. A new approach is proposed in this study to select a regional design storm hyetograph using principal component analysis (PCA) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The proposed approach combines both PCA and cluster analysis techniques. Furthermore, the AHP method is also used to establish the regional design hyetograph. A case study applied in the area of northern Taiwan shows that our method can successfully categorize the area into three homogenous zones. A representative regional hyetograph can be obtained by selecting the largest priority vector or by the weighted average of rain gauges in each zone.     

不同基因型大豆磷镁养分互作效应初探

为了探究不同大豆基因型对磷和镁互作的响应,从而在养分缺乏条件下,指导磷和镁肥施用,提高大豆产量,通过盆栽试验,对磷高效大豆基因型HN89和磷低效大豆基因型HN112进行了高低磷（高磷500μmol/L,低磷25μmol/L KH2PO4）处理以及高低镁（高镁1 000μmol/L,低镁0μmol/L MgSO4·7H2O）处理,分析了大豆的生长情况和根系形态指标的变化,并且测定了植株对磷、镁、钾和钙的吸收情况。结果表明,磷是限制大豆生长的主要因素,增加磷的施用,能改善大豆的生长状况,增加生物量,磷处理显著影响大豆的地上部镁含量、钾含量和钙含量;而镁处理显著影响大豆对镁和钙的吸收,但对钾的吸收没有影响。同时,磷和镁处理对大豆镁吸收的影响存在显著的交互作用,低镁处理下,增加磷的供应只能够显著增加磷高效基因型植株体内镁含量,而在高镁处理下,增加磷的供应,无论磷高效还是磷低效大豆基因型的植株体内镁含量均显著增加。相关性分析结果表明,磷低效大豆HN112地上部镁含量与磷含量存在显著的正相关关系,表明磷能促进镁的吸收,磷镁存在互作;并且地上部的镁含量与钾和钙含量之间也只在磷低效大豆HN112中呈显著正相关关系,表明,镁与磷、钾、钙的互作受大豆基因型的影响。因此,在农业生产中,选择适宜的大豆品种,并进行磷、镁肥的合理配合施用,更有利于大豆高产高效的栽培。     

Production of pollen in different lines of sunflowers and its relation to production of crossed seed

Summary Two separate experiments were conducted in which sunflower lines were tested for their pollen production and hybridization performance.In the first experiment, lines derived from a common source were tested for their pollen production. In the second experiment, two standard varieties were tested for their combining ability.The tested lines differed significantly in their pollen production. It was further shown by correlation analysis that these differences were maintained over two seasons. It is concluded that the technique developed in the investigations can be used to advantage in selecting male and female parents in the breeding program.Experiments on mixed seed rates of two standard varieties failed to give yield data, and consequently, no definite conclusions may be drawn.Agriculture and industry are just beginning to recognize the sunflower as an important source of oil and other substances. Since this crop has not been intensively studied, future investigators should be quite effective in advancing its relative importance, both as to production and utilization.