Genetic variability,heritability and genetic advance in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L) genotypes for seed yield and other agronomic traits

The experiment was conducted using simple lattice design with two replication and the trails was totally consisted fifty six genotypes. Data on seed yield and other Agronomic traits were used to estimate the genetic variability parameters, heritability and genetic advance (GA). Analysis of variance revealed highly significant and significant difference for all studied traits. Evaluated characters were exhibited different levels of variability, heritability and genetic advance among the studied genotypes. Low to high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were recorded. The highest GCV and PVC values were found particularly for lodging percent (76.65% and 90.63%), harvest index (42.26% and 47.92%) yield per hectare (41.23% and 48.19%) and number of capsule per branch (30.81% and 37.25%) respectively, whereas low GCV and PCV (8.27% and 9.73% respectively) manifested for days to maturate. The highest broad sense heritability value manifested for harvest index (77.78%) followed by seed yield per hectare (73.21%), while lowest heritability (3.78%) revealed only for seed per capsule. In present study low to moderate genetic advance were manifested and high heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean (>50) was recorded for lodging percentage, number of capsule per branch, seed yield per hectare and harvest index, indicating predominance of additive gene action for these characters. Therefore the result of this study suggests existence of variability for seed yield and other agronomic traits in these linseed genotypes, which should be exploited in future breeding.     

棕絮棉18个性状的杂种优势研究

本文利用3个亲本配制的6个杂交组合。研究了棕絮棉的生育期、株高、果技数、总果节数、木技数、木技铃、总铃数、单铃重、衣分、亩籽棉、株皮棉、2．5％跨长、整齐度、比强度、伸长率、麦克隆值等18个性状的中索优势、超亲优势和竞争优势。并据此初步选育出产量、纤维品质较为优良的杂种棉一个。     

对25个抗草甘膦棉花杂交组合的竞争优势分析

利用综合性状较好的3个抗草甘膦棉花材料作特定亲本,与6个从黄河流域引进的非抗草甘膦的棉花品种组配25个杂交组合,对各参试组合进行农艺性状、产量性状、纤维品质等方面进行比较,研究了具有抗草甘膦棉花的杂种优势表现。结果表明：在开花期、吐絮期、成铃进度、脱落率、果枝层数、第一果枝着生高度、单铃重、霜前籽棉产量及籽棉总产量等性状在大多数材料中表现为正向竞争优势,而第一果枝着生节位、生育期等性状在大多数材料中则表现为负向竞争优势,大多数组合的纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度优于对照,正向竞争优势明显。筛选出显著增产、综合性状优良的优势组合3个,早熟性状竞争优势明显的组合4个。     

叶面喷施富利硼对亚麻产质量的影响初报

肥料均衡供应和提高施肥技术对亚麻的产量和效益影响较大。试验表明：亚麻叶面施用富利硼后，长势旺盛，每株蒴果数增加0．7个，千粒重增加0．4克。亚麻原茎产量有所增加，亚麻种子产量增幅较大，平均在11％以上。亚麻株高、茎粗、工艺长度和长麻率等性状变化不大。经济效益明显，每公顷净增效益平均为105．38元。     

不同类型栽培大豆(G.max)亲本对种间杂种后代影响的研究

本文对不同结荚习性栽培大豆(G.max)亲本对种间杂种(G.mzx×G.gracilis)后代主要农艺性状的影响进行了研究。结果表明:有限性组合的单株粒重表现最优,无限性组合的株高则优势最强;除有效分枝以外,其余性状有限及亚有限性组合的遗传变异系数均大于无限性组合;有限及亚有限性组合的单株粒重及其主要构成因素的遗传进度,明显地高于无限性组合;选用植株较矮、主茎较粗、百粒重较大的有限和亚有限性栽培大豆作亲本有利于克服种间杂种后代蔓生、籽粒小、主茎细弱等不利性状。     

国外优良亚麻种质资源的初步筛选

对从国外引进的74份亚麻种质资源进行农艺性状、产量性状、抗倒伏性等方面的观测和评价,筛选出早熟资源2份,单株纤维产量高的资源6份,单株种子产量高的资源3份,长势好的资源7份,可作为育种材料和经进一步试验后供生产上使用。     

国外优良亚麻种质资源的初步筛选

对从国外引进的74份亚麻种质资源进行农艺性状、产量性状、抗倒伏性等方面的观测和评价，筛选出早熟资源2份，单株纤维产量高的资源6份，单株种子产量高的资源3份，长势好的资源7份，可作为育种材料和经进一步试验后供生产上使用。     

亚麻种子产量相关性状的通径分析

以普通亚麻的９个品种为材料进行种子产量相关性状通径分析。结果表明，７个相关性状对种子产量的影响大小顺序为株高＞工艺长度＞单株粒数＞单株粒重＞单株结实果数＞千粒重＞主茎分枝数。千粒重相对稳定的类型中，选择植株较高、单株粒数较多者，是提高种子产量的主要途径。降低工艺长度也是提高种子产量的重要因素。在植株较高、单株粒数较多的类型中，选单株粒重较高、单株结实数和主茎分枝数多的材料可有效提高种子产量。在其它性状保持不变的情况下，选择千粒重高者也可提高种子产量，但幅度较小。     

周口生态区12个芝麻新品种主要农艺性状的相关分析

为了给芝麻新品种选育提供参考,对周口生态区12个芝麻新品种主要农艺性状进行了比较及相关性分析。结果表明:周10J5、驻11J19、周芝5号等品种产量较高,综合农艺性状较好,抗病性较好。相关性分析显示,芝麻产量与每蒴粒数、单株产量、单株蒴数、果轴长、株高、千粒重、空稍尖呈正相关,与始蒴高呈负相关。     

芝麻主要性状与籽粒产量之间的相关及通径分析

本文对30个品种(系)的主要性状与籽粒产量间进行了相关通径分析。结果表明单株蒴果数和千粒重对单株产量的直接效应值较大。因此,在培育高产品种时,应以株高适中、单株结蒴多、结蒴密、千粒重高的类型作为主要选择目标。     

红花种子产量相关性状的通径分析

本试验以9个栽培红花品种为材料,进行种子产量相关性状通径分析。结果表明,9个相关性状对种子产量影响的顺序:单株粒重>单株无效果球数>株高>平均每果粒数>开花期>一级分枝数>百位重>单株有效果球数>单株粒数。降低单株无效果球数是提高种子产量的主要途径。在百料重、一级分枝数、单株无效果球数相对稳定的类型中,选择植株高大的材料,是提高种子产量的重要途径。开花期、单株有效果球数、单株粒数通过株高进行间接选择,亦是提高种子产量的重要途径。选择单株有效果球数多的材料,或在百粒重相对稳定的类型中,选择平均每果粒数多者,亦可提高种子产量。在单选单株粒重高的材料,可能会因为其他相关性状的变化而导致减产。因而两两性状间的互作效应对种子产量的影响极大。     

Effect of cropping system on genetic variability and component analysis in soybean

The nature and magnitude of genetic variability and component analysis was assessed in 50 diverse genotypes of soybean grown in monoculture and in association with maize. Cropping system effects and interaction of cropping systems with genotypes were significant for all traits except 100-seed weight, oil % and protein %. Branches/plant, total pods/plant, pod clusters/plant, harvest index and seed yield/plant decreased under intercropping. There was no effect of cropping system in the manifestation of phenotypic and genotypic variability. The estimates of heritability and genetic advance for seed yield components were less in the associated cropping system than in the sole crop. Genotypes interacted differentially to the different cropping systems. The performance of as many as 30 genotypes was comparable under both cropping systems. Fourteen genotypes recorded reduction in seed yield/plant under intercropping. However, the performance of six genotypes was higher under intercropping. Among the commercial varieties, the performance of ‘Bragg’ and ‘Hardee’ was comparable under both cropping systems. ‘Punjab-1’ performed better in associated cropping, while ‘Shilajeet’ and ‘Lee’ performed better under sole-crop.The correlation coefficients between traits were found to differ, both in nature and magnitude, between monoculture and intercropping. In monoculture, seed size, harvest index and oil % were positively related with seed yield. By contrast, plant height, branches/plant, pods/plant and pod clusters/plant, besides 100-seed weight and harvest index, were correlated with seed yield under intercropping. Seed size followed by branches/plant appeared to be the important characters to undertake selection for higher seed yield under sole-crop. Yield improvements in intercrop were associated with increased harvest index. Genotypes and the characters to be utilized to develop varieties suitable for sole-crop and intercropping have been suggested.     

适于湖南机收的早熟棉化调方式与密度初探

通过对直播短季棉不同密度和不同棉太金施用量进行组合,以达到简化栽培并构建适于机械采收的早熟棉群体的目的。试验结果表明,喷施棉太金和增密处理对棉花生长具有较好的调控作用,其中：（1）单位面积相同棉太金施用量下,密度增大,单株叶面积、果枝数、总果节数、成铃数减少,株高、干重、果枝长度、始节位、始节高度下降,小区产量提高;（2）相同密度下,单位面积棉太金施用量增大,单株叶面积、果枝数、总果节数、成铃数减少,株高、干重、果枝长度、始节位、始节高度、小区产量下降。试验中单铃重和衣分未受明显影响。     

微垄和地膜覆土对旱地胡麻生长发育及籽粒产量形成的影响

为探讨不同起垄方式和地膜覆土对胡麻生长发育及籽粒产量形成的影响,分别于2016和2017年胡麻生长季,以传统露地条播为对照（CK）,研究了全膜微垄覆土穴播、全膜微垄不覆土穴播、全膜平作覆土穴播和全膜平作不覆土穴播4种种植方式对胡麻出苗率、株高、茎粗、干物质积累量、生长速率和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明：微垄方式改善了胡麻生长发育状况,出苗率显著高于CK,干物质积累量在苗期至现蕾期以微垄不覆土处理最高,盛花期至成熟期以微垄覆土处理最高,分别较CK平均高出39.3% ~ 69.8%和36.0% ~ 53.7%。微垄覆土模式下籽粒产量较CK显著提高26.8%。关联度分析可知,影响胡麻籽粒产量的主导因素为蒴果数和果粒数。相关分析结果显示,胡麻籽粒产量与产量构成因子、干物质积累量均呈显著正相关关系。表明微垄覆土与不覆土穴播方式均能够显著提高胡麻出苗率,促进干物质积累,增加胡麻单株蒴果数和果粒数,提高籽粒产量,是半干旱旱作农业区胡麻适宜的种植模式。     

纤维亚麻新品种双亚16号选育报告

双亚16号是以双亚七号为基础材料,利用γ射线辐照诱变结合组织培养技术并经田间单株决选育成。区域试验原茎、长麻、全麻和种子平均公顷产量分别为4948.6kg、810.2kg、1220.4kg和659.2kg,比对照增产7.8%、15.5%、13.4%和14.3%。生产试验原茎、长麻、全麻和种子平均hm2产量分别为5487.2kg、889.5kg、1426.9kg和577.3kg,分别比对照增产11.6%、18.9%、18.9%和8.6%。该品种是国内第一个应用组织培养结合物理诱变技术和常规育种技术选育出来的纤维用亚麻新品种,长麻率19.5%、全麻率31.2%、分别比对照高出1.7和2.6个百分点,纤维强度235.0N。作为高纤、抗逆性强纤维亚麻新品种于2012年3月通过黑龙江省农作物品种登记委员会登记推广。     

覆膜红花单株种子产量相关性状的通径分析

以新红花1号、吉红1号等10个红花品种为材料,在地膜覆盖条件下进行单株种子产量相关性状通径分析.结果表明,10个相关性状对单株种子产量影响的顺序为:单株有效果球数＞单株总粒数＞每果球粒数＞百粒重＞一级分枝数＞单株无效果球数＞单株总叶片数＞株高＞主茎种子重量＞二级分枝数.单株总粒数与单株有效果球数的互作效应对单株种子产量的影响在所有的性状互作中为最大,单株有效果球数、单株总粒数、每果球粒数及百粒重是影响红花单株种子产量的4个主要因素.所研究的10个农艺性状中,两两性状间的互作效应对红花单株种子产量的影响极大,在红花育种、地膜栽培时应注意考虑这些性状间的影响.单株种子产量高的株型特征为单株无效果球数少,一级分枝数多,单株有效果球数多,单株总粒数和每果球粒数多,百粒重大等.     

Nutritional parameters and yield evaluation of newly developed genotypes of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Among the commonly consumed food legumes, lentils occupy an important place in human nutrition in the Indian subcontinent. Twenty-one lentil genotypes were evaluated for such nutrition related parameters as moisture, protein, crude fiber, fat, ash (total mineral matter), carbohydrates, total energy and metabolizable energy. These genotypes were also analyzed for 100-seed weight and seed yield/plant. Protein content ranged between 22.1 and 27.4% with significant differences among genotypes. Considerable variations were observed among the genotypes for calcium, phosphorus, iron and tannin contents. Large variations existed in yield and 100-seed weight of these genotypes. Seed yield/plant was not significantly correlated with any of the principal seed constituents analyzed in the present study. The genotypes, LH 97 and LH 37 were found to be better and hence could be explored for further development and selection of desirable characteristics.     

麻疯树优良单株筛选重要性状评价指标研究

利用方差分析、相关分析、因子分析和通径分析等方法,对筛选到的20株麻疯树优良单株的产量性状指标和种子特性等进行分析,结果表明:(1)单株果数、单株种子数、单株果重和单株种子重的变异系数均大于60%,具有较大的选择潜力,而百粒重、种子长度、种子宽度、种子厚度、种子含水量和种子含油量的变异系数分别为9.09%、1.67%、1.99%、2.04%、11.84%和7.02%,相对选择潜力较小;(2)单株果数、单株种数、单株果重和单株种子重4个性状反映了单株产量,且相互间呈极显著正相关,百粒重则反映了种子饱满程度,因此可选取单株种重和百粒重作为麻疯树优良单株筛选评价的主要指标;(3)种子含油量可在将来获得麻疯树高产稳产品种的基础上作为高油品种的筛选评价指标;(4)优良单株CPT1的单株种重、百粒重和种子含油量分别为676.84g、62.04g和34.43%,其产量性状和含油量表现较好,可作为生产上优良品种进一步筛选和培育的对象。     

Genetic architecture, inter-relationship and selection criteria for yield improvement in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

This study has been conducted to determine the extent of genetic association between yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its components. The present experiment was carried out with 40 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes which were evaluated in a randomized block design with 3 replications during wet season of 2007 and 2008. Results showed that sufficient amount of variability was found in the entire gene pool for all traits studied. Higher magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation was recorded for seed yield, harvest index, biological yield, number of spikelets per panicle, flag leaf length, plant height and number of tillers indicates that these characters are least influence by environment. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was registered for seed yield, harvest index, number of spikelets per panicle, biological yield and flag leaf length, suggesting preponderance of additive gene action in the expression of these characters. Grain yield was significantly and positively associated with harvest index, number of tillers per hill, number of panicle per plant, panicle length, number of spikelet's per panicle and test weight at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis revealed that harvest index, biological yield, number of tillers per hill, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle, plant height and test weight had direct positive effect on seed yield, indicating these are the main contributors to yield. From this study it may be concluded that harvest index, number of tillers per hill, panicle length and number of spikelet per panicle and test weight are the most important characters that contributed directly to yield. Thus, these characters may serve selection criteria for improving genetic potential of rice.     

亚麻冬季南繁技术

亚麻冬季南繁的目的是对亚麻杂交后代进行加代和高陪繁育优良品种，提高亚麻种子的繁殖倍数和母子质量。在栽培措施上，特别是选地、播种和收获时期方面不同于南方冬李亚麻生产。作者总结多年的冬季南繁经验，提出了一套亚麻冬季南繁选地、整地、播种、田间管理、收获等方面的技术措施，为亚麻冬季南繁提供技术参考。