摘取腋芽薯对脱毒马铃薯扦插苗生产微型薯产量的影响

在温室条件下 ,使用相同的无土栽培基质 (蛭石 ) ,利用脱毒试管苗和扦插苗生产微型薯 ,扦插苗采用摘取腋芽薯和不摘取的管理办法 ,进行比较试验。结果表明 :扦插苗生产微型薯单粒重达7 0 g ,试管苗单粒重为 4 5 g ,摘取腋芽薯扦插苗达 4 0 g ,单株结薯和单位面积 (m2 )结薯分别比扦插苗高 76 3%和 6 1 1%。而试管苗和摘取腋芽薯扦插苗则相差不大。而扦插苗 >1g微型薯比例达90 %,试管苗仅 82 %,摘取腋芽薯扦插苗为 83%,单位面积产量三者相差不大。     

试管苗扦插与微型薯苗扦插生产微型薯比较试验

1　前　言目前 ,马铃薯脱毒技术已经很广泛地应用于马铃薯生产 ,并取得了非常明显的增产、增收的效果。但常规利用试管苗扦插生产微型薯的技术存在成本高 ,生产出的微型薯百粒重低 ,在进一步繁育过程中会导致发芽势弱 ,容易烂薯的现象。同时 ,试管苗扦插生产出的微型薯中小于 1ｇ的薯较多 ,这些非常小的微型薯就更难在生产上直接应用。为了降低成本 ,提高微型薯百粒重 ,我们于 2 0 0 1年春季进行了试管苗扦插与微型薯苗扦插生产微型薯技术的比较试验。2　材料与方法2 1　材料供试材料为郑薯 5号脱毒微型薯 (小于 1ｇ)、脱毒试管苗 ,郑薯 6…     

脱毒马铃薯试管苗直接移栽结薯研究

在日光温室中 ,以蛭石为无土栽培基质 ,脱毒马铃薯试管苗直接移栽 ,生产微型薯 ,通过炼苗提高成活率 ,调控温湿度促壮苗 ,及时培土提高结薯率 ,水肥适宜促薯块膨大。平均单株结薯率达到 4 2粒 株 ,由于长期生长 ,单薯重增加到 6 8g ,提高了脱毒薯 1～ 2个等级 ,试管苗直接结薯不仅解决了扦插伤口二次污染的问题 ,而且产量提高了 4 9 6 9% ;效益提高了 16 9 15 %。     

马铃薯脱毒试管苗在不同扦插密度条件下的产量性状和经济参数的分析

为了探讨马铃薯脱毒试管苗在温室条件下的适宜扦插密度问题,利用早熟品种荷兰15号、中熟品种尤金和中晚熟品种克新13号的脱毒试管苗为试验材料,种植并生产原原种。采用单因素随机设计,设密度分别为每平方米154株、182株、222株、286株、400株和667株共6个处理,用方差分析探讨了扦插密度与结薯个数(单位面积上的商品薯数、单株商品薯数、单位面积上的结薯总个数、单株结薯总个数)、产量参数(单位面积上的商品薯产量、单株商品薯产量、单位面积上的总产量、单株产量)和经济参数(利润和经济效益)的关系。研究结果表明:荷兰15号、尤金和克新13号的脱毒试管苗扦插密度每平方米在154～667株之间时,随着扦插密度的增大,其结薯总个数均逐渐增多,单株商品薯产量和单株产量均逐渐变低;这3个品种在每平方米上的商品薯产量、总产量、利润和经济效益的变化趋势不同;通过结薯个数和经济参数的综合评价,得出荷兰15号和尤金的适宜扦插密度每平方米为400株,克新13号的适宜扦插密度为286株。     

脱毒马铃薯试管苗剪尖扦插无土繁殖研究

在防虫网室中无土扦插试管苗继代生产脱毒微型薯。用 4次剪尖和 4次培土办法 ,80d平均单株结薯数达 10 6个 ,110d单株商品粒数 >1g达 8 7个。增加剪尖和培土次数 ,是提高单株结薯数量的一种新技术方法     

马铃薯试管苗及顶芽扦插原原种产量研究

为了解脱毒马铃薯试管苗及顶芽扦插生产原原种情况,探索一种高效、高产生产马铃薯原原种的方法,对川芋早和米拉试管苗移栽到基质(V锯末:V细土=1:2)30、45 d后剪取顶芽(带有3~5片叶),将顶芽扦插在相同基质的防虫大棚网室内。分品种比较一次扦插苗(第一次顶芽)、二次扦插苗(第二次顶芽)、剪取一次的试管苗、剪取二次的试管苗、未作处理的试管苗(对照)的各自的产量及其形态指标。结果表明:一次扦插苗平均单粒重最大,川芋早每粒为4.0 g,米拉为3.7 g,极显著高于剪取一次顶芽后的试管苗、剪取二次顶芽后的试管苗和二次扦插苗。对照单株结薯数最高,川芋早每株为3.9个,米拉为4.0个,显著高于剪取二次顶芽后的试管苗、二次扦插苗、一次扦插苗。剪取顶芽能显著增加由一株试管苗繁殖的1 g以上原原种个数,剪取一次顶芽和剪取两次顶芽繁殖的1 g以上原原种个数差异不显著。对移栽的试管苗可以剪取一次顶芽,并将顶芽作为扦插苗生产原原种,此方法能显著增加原原种产量。     

马铃薯脱毒试管苗无土栽培的基质筛选

在防虫网室内 ,就 4种不同基质对马铃薯脱毒试管苗移栽生产微型薯产量、质量的影响进行筛选试验。结果表明 :菇渣 +猪粪 +火烧土 +钙镁磷肥按 2∶1∶1∶0 0 0 1配制 ,经高温堆沤灭菌后作营养基质生产出的微型薯产量最高 ,每m2 达到 4 0 99 2 g的较高水平 ,同时大大降低了生产成本 ,可以作为我省工厂化大规模生产微型薯的优良基质。     

赤霉素对马铃薯扦插苗生长发育及产量的效果

针对马铃薯扦插苗在冬季低温条件下生长发育缓慢、结薯率低的问题,开展赤霉素不同浓度处理对扦插苗生长发育及原原种产量的影响研究。结果表明,当赤霉素的喷施浓度为10 mg/L时,对扦插苗生长发育、生物量的积累、匍匐茎的发生与膨大、结薯数量与产量的增加均有促进作用,单株结薯数达6.3粒/株(CK 2.5粒/株),且结薯合格率(≥2 g)较对照提高60.9%。     

马铃薯脱毒试管苗无土栽培高产机理研究

在防虫网室中无土栽培马铃薯脱毒试管苗生产微型薯。用 9次剪尖和 8次培土的办法 ,180d平均单株结薯达 2 12 8个 ,2 10d商品粒数 (≥ 1g)达 158 2个 ;且剪尖和培土的次数与匍匐茎数、腋芽枝数和单株结薯个数有正相关关系 ,后两者均达极显著水平r1=0 90 2 3,r2 =0 94 70     

马铃薯脱毒种薯标准化生产技术研究——Ⅰ.不同密度栽培对块茎大小、单株结薯及产量的影响

试验利用高海拔地区的气候特点和土壤肥沃疏松条件 ,将“鄂马铃薯 3号”脱毒试管苗直接进入田间土床培育 ,在高密植栽培条件下 ,生产标准种薯。经 9个处理的试验结果表明 :随着种植密度的增加 ,单位面积上的块茎数、无效薯增加 ,大薯率降低。3～ 5 0 g结薯率最佳处理是F、H和C ,分别占83 5 0 %、83 81%和 84 5 0 % ;10 ～ 30 g结薯率最佳处理是E和F ,分别占总数的 4 3 96 %和 4 6 86 % ,产量最佳处理是E和F ,分别为 15 0 0kg/ 6 6 7m2 和 15 83kg/ 6 6 7m2 ,各处理间差异达极显著水平。单位面积结薯数与单位面积移栽株数呈极显著正相关 ,y =196 6 6 + 0 98x(r=0 98 ) ;单株结薯数与单位面积移栽株数呈极显著负相关 ,y=2 89- 0 0 0 2 2x(r =- 0 81 )。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.