种植行距对两种穗型小麦品种籽粒糖代谢及灌浆特性的影响

为给不同穗型小麦品种选择适宜种植行距提供参考依据,以多穗型品种豫麦49和大穗型品种兰考矮早8为材料,在大田高产栽培条件下,研究了行距对两种穗型小麦品种花后籽粒蔗糖代谢和籽粒灌浆的影响。结果表明,两品种在灌浆期间籽粒可溶性糖含量、蔗糖含量和蔗糖合成酶活性均呈下降趋势,淀粉含量则快速上升。在灌浆前期兰考矮早8的可溶性糖含量和蔗糖含量以窄行距（15和10 cm）处理较高,而灌浆后期则以宽行距（20和25 cm）处理较高;豫麦49在整个灌浆期可溶性糖含量和蔗糖含量均表现为宽行距处理高于窄行距处理。籽粒淀粉含量两品种均呈现“S”形变化动态。兰考矮早8籽粒淀粉含量为窄行距处理高于宽行距处理,豫麦49则相反。行距对灌浆特征参数的影响因品种而异,兰考矮早8籽粒灌浆持续期、有效灌浆持续期和最大粒重以15 cm最大,豫麦49平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率和有效灌浆持续期的灌浆速率以及最大粒重则以20 cm最高。综合来看,兰考矮早8适宜行距为15 cm,而豫麦49为20 cm。     

灌水对不同穗型小麦碳氮代谢及籽粒灌浆的影响

为了给小麦节水栽培实践提供参考,在大田条件下研究了灌水次数对大穗型小麦品种豫麦66与多穗型小麦品种豫麦49碳氮代谢及籽粒灌浆的影响。结果表明,增加灌水次数可以提高旗叶硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和可溶性蛋白质含量,在灌浆中后期豫麦66较豫麦49具有明显优势。随着灌水次数增加,旗叶和籽粒可溶性糖含量在灌浆前期降低,而在灌浆后期籽粒可溶性糖含量升高,旗叶则表现相反。籽粒淀粉积累速率在灌浆前期随灌水次数增加而降低,但在灌浆后期则与之相反。籽粒灌浆速率呈单峰曲线变化,增加灌水次数,积累高峰期推迟,且前期慢,后期快,在花后35 d豫麦66在灌一水、灌两水和灌三水处理下籽粒灌浆速率分别为0.96、1.24和1.07 mg/d,而豫麦49分别为0.94、0.39和0.36 mg/d。豫麦66与豫麦49号相比,旗叶可溶性糖含量在灌浆中后期较低,淀粉及籽粒积累速率的峰值出现较晚但持续时间较长,表明大穗型品种同化物外运能力和库活性较强,灌浆进程稳健。     

行距对大穗型小麦兰考矮早八同化物质生产 及产量的影响

为给大穗型小麦品种兰考矮早八的种植选择适宜的行距,在大田高产栽培条件下,设置10、15、20、25 cm 4个行距处理,研究了行距对其花后旗叶光合物质生产及籽粒产量的影响.结果表明,行距对小麦旗叶叶绿素含量和光合速率均有明显影响,均表现为15 cm>10 cm>20 cm>25 cm.窄行距处理的旗叶可溶性糖含量在花后0～28 d较低,而在花后35 d较高.窄行距也有助于提高旗叶蔗糖含量,其中以15 cm行距最高.与其他处理相比,15 cm行距能显著增加单位面积穗数,协调产量构成因素,显著提高产量.     

行距配置对两种穗型冬小麦品种光合特性及产量的影响

为确定两种穗型冬小麦品种高产栽培的适宜行距配置,在大田试验条件下,研究了不同行距(10、15、20和25cm)种植方式下,多穗型品种豫麦49和大穗型品种兰考矮早八的旗叶光合特性。结果表明,两种穗型品种旗叶净光合速率(Pn)均随籽粒灌浆进程呈逐渐降低的趋势,花后0～14d,多穗型品种豫麦49旗叶Pn高于大穗型品种兰考矮早八,之后兰考矮早八优势趋于明显;两品种旗叶qP和Fv/Fo均于花后10d达最大值,之后逐渐下降;豫麦49的光截获(LI)在花后10d高于兰考矮早八,而在花后20d低于兰考矮早八。行距对两种穗型冬小麦品种光合特性、LI和产量有一定影响。随着行距的变大,豫麦49的Pn逐渐增加,而兰考矮早八则逐渐降低;豫麦49的Fv/Fo在花后0～10d随行距的增加而升高,之后以行距20cm最高,兰考矮早八则随行距增加呈先升后降趋势,但始终以15cm最高;豫麦49以行距20cm的qP值较大,而兰考矮早八以行距15cm最高;两穗型品种的LI均随行距增大而降低。籽粒产量则表现随行距增加呈先升后降的变化趋势,豫麦49和兰考矮早八分别以行距20和15cm的产量最高。因此,生产中不同穗型品种选择各自适宜的行距配置,有助于光能的吸收利用,促进光合物质向籽粒转移。     

不同冬小麦品种籽粒胚乳增殖和灌浆对粒重的影响

为了明确冬小麦籽粒胚乳细胞增殖和灌浆对粒重的影响,选用不同冬小麦品种,研究了籽粒胚乳细胞分裂增殖和灌浆的动态变化及其与粒重的关系。结果表明,小麦籽粒灌浆速率和胚乳细胞数量均呈“S”型曲线变化。籽粒胚乳细胞数目与缓增期细胞的增殖能力密切相关,缓增期胚乳细胞增殖能力较强、胚乳细胞数目增加较多的品种,籽粒胚乳细胞数量较多。相关性分析结果表明,籽粒胚乳细胞数量与粒重正相关。粒重与最大灌浆速率和灌浆中后期的灌浆速率趋势一致,最大灌浆速率高、灌浆中后期保持较高灌浆速率的品种,粒重较高。Logistics方程结果显示,小麦籽粒的胚乳细胞数量与胚乳细胞增殖活跃期和最大增殖速率出现的时间有关,与胚乳细胞最大增殖速率关系不密切;粒重主要与最大灌浆速率有关,与灌浆活跃期和最大灌浆速率出现的时间没有必然关系。津农6号的胚乳细胞数量最多,粒重最高,其次是济麦22和山农16,石新828最低。产量表现从高到低依次为津农6号、山农16、济麦22和石新828。     

小麦花后淹水胁迫对根区土温及籽粒灌浆的影响

为了探讨淹水对花后冬小麦根区土温及籽粒灌浆的影响,在淮北平原涝渍易发地河南商丘市,对处于花后灌浆阶段的冬小麦进行淹水试验。结果表明,淹水使小麦百粒重降低,花后灌浆阶段淹水1 d、3 d和5 d使乳熟期的小麦百粒重比非淹水处理分别降低6.93%、10.35%和10.31%;淹水使小麦灌浆速率受到抑制,淹水5 d、3 d、1 d和CK的平均单粒灌浆速率分别为1.36、1.39、1.52和1.61 mg·d^-1,淹水超过5 d使小麦的乳熟时间推后。淹水使10~40 cm土层间温差变小,淹水时间越长,10~40 cm土温降低越多,淹水结束后土温回升也越快。花后淹水使小麦干物质量及籽粒产量降低,淹水5 d以上使小麦地上、地下部分干物质量显著降低。因此,小麦花后灌浆阶段淹水会影响根区环境和地上部干物质的形成,并最终影响籽粒灌浆及产量。     

土壤水分调控对冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性的影响

为了给小麦节水高产栽培中土壤水分管理提供依据,采用池栽遮雨的方法,用Logistic曲线拟合不同水分调控条件下籽粒的灌浆过程,研究灌浆参数的差异。结果表明,水分调控对籽粒灌浆参数有不同程度的影响。从灌浆持续时间看,Tmax、T1较稳定。T2变异系数大、T3最不稳定;从灌浆速率看,R较稳定,Rmax、R1、R2变异系数大,R3最不稳定。相比而言,拔节期灌水1次和拔节期＋孕穗期灌水2次对阶段灌浆参数影响较大。强势粒与弱势粒之间灌浆参数差异不明显。表现为强弱势籽粒灌浆趋于同步,强势粒灌浆速率略快于弱势粒。因此在河南高产栽培条件下,提高缓增期灌浆速率（R3）,相对延长缓增期持续天数（T3）,促进落黄,对提高粒重有利。     

冬麦北移后小麦籽粒灌浆特性的初步研究

为了解冬麦北移后小麦粒重的变化,在甘肃清水(冬麦原种植区)和武威(北移区)设两个试验点,对籽粒灌浆特性进行了比较研究.籽粒灌浆过程用logistic方程进行拟合,推导出一系列次级参数,用卡方(χ2)测验进行了拟合优度测验,同时对千粒重与不同参数之间的关系进行了相关和回归分析.结果表明,线性相关系数(r)均为极显著,说明用logistic方程描述籽粒灌浆过程是合适的.在拟合优度检验中,χ2﹤χ20.05,表明方程拟合较好.冬麦北移后整个灌浆过程的平均灌浆速率和渐增期灌浆速率均明显提高,快增期灌浆速率、缓增期灌浆速率及最大灌浆速率略有降低,整个籽粒灌浆过程持续时间缩短,最大粒重和实际千粒重均有所提高.相关分析结果表明,北移区千粒重与最大灌浆速率(Rmax)呈极显著正相关,与平均灌浆速率(R)和快增期灌浆速率(R2)呈显著正相关,与渐增期灌浆速率(R1)、缓增期灌浆持续时间(T3)和籽粒灌浆速率达最大值时间(Tmax)呈正相关,与缓增期灌浆速率(R3)、整个灌浆过程持续时间(T)、渐增期灌浆持续时间(T1)和快增期灌浆持续时间(T2)呈负相关.回归分析结果表明,从整个灌浆过程分析,籽粒灌浆速率对粒重的影响大于整个灌浆过程持续时间.从阶段灌浆参数分析来看,渐增期的灌浆速率、快增期的灌浆速率和缓增期持续时间是影响北移区冬小麦千粒重的3个主要参数,其中快增期灌浆速率对千粒重提高的作用更大一些.     

硫氮配施对强筋小麦豫麦34籽粒灌浆特性的影响

为对硫肥和氮肥合理配施提供参考依据,2003-2005年在大田条件下以强筋小麦豫麦34为试验材料。采用Logistic方程拟合其籽粒灌浆过程并计算有关籽粒灌浆参数,探讨了硫氮配施对强筋小麦籽粒灌浆特性的影响。结果表明,在硫氮配施条件下,强筋小麦籽粒灌浆进程呈“慢～快～慢”的S型曲线。Logistic方程决定系数均大于0＋9981,达到极显著水平,拟合效果良好;在相同施氮水平下,最大灌浆速率到达时间（L）、千粒重潜力值（K）、最大灌浆速率（Vm）、平均灌浆速率（Va）和灌浆持续时间（T）等灌浆参数随硫肥施用量的变化而有差异。适宜的硫氮配施可提高K、Vm和Va,且T随施硫量的增加而延长。     

播期对不同习性小麦品种籽粒灌浆特性的影响

为了给小麦高产栽培提供理论依据,2002～2003年对河南省不同习性的小麦品种在不同播期下的籽粒灌浆速率进行了研究。结果表明,不同播期下小麦品种的籽粒灌浆规律均符合Logistic曲线,灌浆过程中平均灌浆速率、渐增期灌浆速率、快增期灌浆速率对粒重影响较大。因此选择适宜播期、提高渐增期灌浆速率、快增期灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率对提高粒重有重要意义;播期对不同习性品种灌浆高峰出现的日期影响基本一致,但早播时冬性小麦洛旱2号灌浆高峰出现较早,灌浆速率大,晚播时春性品种豫麦18灌浆高峰出现较早,灌浆速率大。因此,在河南生态条件下,春性品种适宜播期为10月中下旬,半冬性品种适宜播期为10月中旬,冬性品种的适宜播期为10月上旬至4中旬。     

宽幅带播对大穗型冬小麦冠层特征及产量的影响

为了解宽幅带播在小麦种植上的应用效果,在大田条件下,以兰考矮早八为材料,研究了宽幅带播种植对大穗型冬小麦冠层特征及产量的影响.结果表明,与常规条播比较,宽幅带播的小麦群体叶面积指数、冠层光截获量和相对湿度较高,而冠层温度较低,穗数显著增加,产量提高0.47％～13.70％.宽幅带播下随着行距增大,叶面积指数、光截获量和湿度降低,而冠层温度升高,穗数和穗粒数减少,千粒重增加,最终产量降低.宽幅带播下15 cm行距可作为大穗型冬小麦品种的适宜行距配置.     

Effects of genetic improvements on grain yield and agronomic traits of winter wheat in the Yangtze River Basin of China

Wheat is an important food crop worldwide. Genetic improvements have contributed much to wheat production since the 1960s. Verifying the evolution of agronomic traits and the physiological basis of grain yield will facilitate breeders and agronomists in developing new wheat cultivars, with the aim of stable and high yields. Thirty-five wheat cultivars, bred or widely planted in the Yangtze River Basin from 1950 to 2005, were grown in field experiments under three N rates (0, 112.5, and 225 kg N ha⁻¹) from 2006 to 2009 in Nanjing, China. Wheat grain yield, kernels per spike, 1000-kernel weight (TKW), and harvest index (HI) increased linearly with cultivar development from the 1950s to the 2000s, whereas spikes per unit land decreased significantly with cultivar development during the same period, and stabilized with further genetic improvements in cultivars. Grain yield, kernels per spike, and TKW differed with N rate and with cultivar. Grain yield, spikes per unit land, and kernels per spike increased significantly with increasing N fertilizer, but TKW and HI decreased. Cultivar height decreased with cultivar development from the 1950s to the 1980s, and remained relatively stable in subsequent cultivars. The proportion of the length of the top internode to total plant height increased with cultivar development from the 1950s to the 1980s and thereafter fell, while the length of the basal internode (BI) maintained a shortening trend. Leaf area per culm, leaf area index (LAI), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and photosynthetic activity duration (PAD) of the flag leaf increased with cultivar development. Leaf area, LAI, and Pn increased significantly with increasing N fertilizer, while PAD did not. Single spike yield increased linearly with genetic development in cultivars, and these increases mainly resulted from increasing kernel number and weight, which were closely related to source size and cultivar. Grain yield was positively correlated to leaf area, LAI, Pn_Max, PAD, and single spike yield; single spike yield was positively correlated to leaf area, LAI, Pn_Max, and PAD, suggesting that grain yield improvements were mainly associated with improvements in the source (leaf area, LAI, Pn, PAD, etc.) and sink (single spike yield). Sink-source ratios increased with genetic development of cultivars, suggesting that productivity per leaf improved and that sink-source relationships have reached close to optimum in the Yangtze River Basin. Furthermore, breeding for high yield should be related to improvement in kernels per spike and TKW per unit land and increased sink-source ratios with a feasible LAI, and N fertilizer management should be considered during breeding for higher yields.     

外源激素与蔗糖对冬小麦穗粒数和粒重的调控效应

为阐明外源激素和蔗糖调控冬小麦穗粒数和粒重的机理,以冬小麦农大211为材料,设置不同浓度蔗糖和激素,通过离体穗培养及盆栽不同水分条件下喷施激素处理,考察了冬小麦穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重以及穗部糖含量对外源蔗糖和激素的响应。离体穗培养试验表明,蔗糖浓度为40 g·L^-1,IAA、GA、6-BA和ABA浓度分别为10^-4 mol·L^-1、10^-5 mol·L^-1、10^-5 mol·L^-1和10^-6 mol·L^-1时取得了较高的穗粒数,且穗粒数以穗上部强势粒数与穗中部弱势粒数增幅较大;适当增加培养基GA和ABA浓度也能提高粒重,从而提升穗粒重。盆栽试验表明,与水分适宜处理相比,干旱使成熟期穗粒数、穗粒重和单株生物量显著下降,千粒重无显著变化,干旱处理的幼穗中CTK和ABA含量显著增加。干旱条件下,喷施IAA较其对照显著增加了穗粒重和单株生物量以及幼穗中可溶性糖和IAA含量,显著降低了幼穗ABA含量;喷施GA较其对照显著增加了单株生物量和幼穗GA含量,显著降低了幼穗ABA含量;喷施6-BA较其对照显著增加了单株生物量和幼穗CTK含量,显著降低了幼穗可溶性糖和ABA含量;喷施ABA较其对照显著增加了穗粒重和单株生物量,显著降低了幼穗蔗糖和可溶性糖含量。水分适宜条件下,喷施IAA较其对照显著降低了穗粒数、穗粒重和单株生物量,但显著增加了千粒重和幼穗可溶性糖、CTK和ABA含量;喷施GA较其对照显著增加了幼穗可溶性糖、GA、CTK和ABA含量,但显著降低了幼穗蔗糖含量;喷施6-BA较其对照显著增加了幼穗可溶性糖、CTK和ABA含量;喷施ABA较其对照显著降低了穗粒数,显著增加了幼穗可溶性糖、IAA、CTK和ABA含量。总之,外源蔗糖与激素对冬小麦穗粒数、穗粒重和千粒重都有显著影响,适宜蔗糖和激素处理提高穗粒数,主要由于增加了穗上部强势粒和穗中部弱势粒数。外源喷施激素可缓解干旱胁迫对冬小麦穗粒数和穗粒重的影响,以喷施IAA效果最好,主要通过调控幼穗糖含量和激素含量来调控穗粒数和粒重。     

Fungicide treatments affect yield and moisture content of grain and straw in winter wheat

Straw and grain yield and water content in both grain and straw were measured during 3 years in 17 varieties of winter wheat following treatments with different fungicides. The water content of the straw varied significantly dependent on year, variety and fungicide treatment. In 1998, the water content in straw was significantly higher after the use of strobilurins compared with untreated and EBI fungicides (ergosterol biosyntesis inhibitors). On average water content in 10 varieties increased from 15% in untreated to 31% after applying two full dosages of azoxystrobin. In 1999 and 2000, lower dosages of azoxystrobin were used and water content increased only by 2–4 percentage units. The results indicate that in some years and with high doses precaution has to be taken following the use of strobilurins regarding handling and removing of the straw, which likely will include postponement of baling. Water content in grain was also increased significantly from fungicide treatments, but the increase was minor and at the maximum increase found to be 1.1% percentage unit. The effect of fungicide input on water content in grain was reduced much faster during the ripening period than for water content in straw. Fungicide treatments and varieties significantly influenced straw yields. The yield increases in straw varied between 0 and 1.0 tonnes/ha depending on year and variety, and was on average 0.42 tonnes/ha for two fungicide treatments. Two fungicide applications carried out at GS 31 and 45–55 gave only slightly higher increases compared with one application around ear emergence. Varieties showed variable increases following the use of fungicides. The variation was not influenced by the straw length (crop height). The increases in straw yield from fungicide treatments were relatively low compared to the increases in grain yield and no clear correlation was found between grain yield increases and straw yield increases.     

外源ABA对苗期低温下冬小麦蔗糖含量及其关键酶基因表达的影响

为了探讨外源ABA对苗期低温下冬小麦植株蔗糖代谢的调节作用,以抗寒性强的品种东农冬麦1号和抗寒性弱的品种济麦22为试验材料,在三叶期分别于不同温度下经ABA处理48 h后取叶片和地下茎,研究外源ABA对苗期低温下冬小麦的蔗糖含量及蔗糖代谢相关酶基因表达的影响。结果表明,外源ABA处理使低温下抗寒性强的东农冬麦1号中积累了更多的蔗糖,尤其是叶片,而在济麦22中则抑制了蔗糖的积累。4℃以上温度时,外源ABA促进了东农冬麦1号叶片和地下茎中UGP在蔗糖合成中的作用;在4℃以下低温时,外源ABA则促进了UGP在蔗糖分解中的作用。4℃以上温度时,外源ABA提高了东农冬麦1号叶片中Ta SPS基因和地下茎中Ta SAInv基因的表达,而抑制了济麦22各器官中Ta SPS基因和Ta SAInv基因的表达。此外,4℃以上温度时,外源ABA抑制了两个小麦品种各器官中Ta SS基因的表达。表明抗寒性强的东农冬麦1号对外源ABA可能更加敏感,其蔗糖合成能力的提高将有利于冬小麦植株抵御低温,进而维持植株的存活。     

行距配置对高产冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性及淀粉和蛋白质积累的影响

为研究不同行距配置对小麦籽粒发育及淀粉和蛋白质积累的影响,以4个高产冬小麦品种为材料,在河南浚县农业科学研究所超高产攻关田研究了不同行距配置下小麦籽粒灌浆特性及淀粉、蛋白质的积累动态.结果表明,高产小麦籽粒中可溶性糖含量下降与淀粉含量的增加趋势基本吻合,宽窄行种植模式(S1)籽粒中可溶性糖含量较高,且转化利用较快,促进了籽粒淀粉积累.从行距配置看.周麦22籽粒蛋白质含量以等行距种植模式(S2)较高,偃展4110和矮抗58均以S1较高,而豫麦49-198在两种种植模式下无明显差异.籽粒灌浆速率、千粒重和产量则表现为豫麦49-198、周麦22和矮抗58均以S较高,而偃展4110以S2较高.灌浆模型分析表明,灌浆持续天数和最大灌浆速率出现时间是行距配置影响粒重的主要因素.     

水氮供应对灌浆期冬小麦籽粒淀粉合成相关酶活性及产量的影响

为明确不同水氮供应对冬小麦灌浆期籽粒蔗糖代谢、淀粉合成相关酶活性及籽粒产量的影响,在大田栽培条件下,以冬小麦品种矮抗58为材料,设3种水分处理（低水W₀、中水W₁、高水W₂）和4个施氮水平（无氮N₀、低氮N₁、中氮N₂、高氮N₃）,研究了不同水氮供应下灌浆期籽粒蔗糖代谢、淀粉合成相关酶活性的变化特点。结果表明,水分胁迫能增加籽粒的蔗糖积累速率,缩短灌浆进程,促进小麦早熟;降低了籽粒中腺苷二膦酸葡萄糖磷酸化酶（ADPG-PPase）、可溶性淀粉合成酶（SSS）、束缚态淀粉合成酶（GBSS）和淀粉分支酶（SBE）活性。适当增施氮肥能够促进籽粒中蔗糖向淀粉转化,增加4种淀粉合成相关酶活性,其中W₁N₂处理的ADPG-PPase、SSS、GBSS和SBE活性峰值最高, 较W₁N₃、W₁N₁和W₁N₀处理分别增加了1.5%、7.9%、11.9%、5.8%和9.6%、4.5%、4.7%、5.2%和13.6%、7.6%、20.9%、10.5%,氮肥过量会对以上4种酶活性产生抑制作用。适当提高氮肥水平能增加小麦成穗数、穗粒数和千粒重,最终极显著地提高小麦产量,W₁N₂处理较W₀N₀和W₂N₃处理分别增产164.6%、3.0%。在小麦灌浆期间控制土壤田间持水量为60%~65%、配施氮肥240 kg·hm^-2能协同提高小麦籽粒蔗糖含量,保证源器官有足够供应能力,提高淀粉合成酶活性,促进小麦体内碳氮代谢,最终增加产量。     

株行配置对南疆冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响

为了探究适宜南疆冬小麦种植的株行配置模式,通过田间小区试验,研究了15 cm×1.7 cm、12.5 cm×2 cm、10 cm×2.5 cm、7.5 cm×3.3 cm、5 cm×5 cm共5个行、株距配置模式下2个穗型冬小麦品种(新冬22号和新冬50号)籽粒灌浆特性,用Logistic方程拟合籽粒灌浆过程,对南疆冬小麦籽粒灌浆特征参数进行了分析。结果表明,随着行距缩小,多穗型品种新冬22号达到最大灌浆速率的时间先推迟后提前,受快增期灌浆速率的影响,最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率均先降低后升高,千粒重先降低后增加;大穗型品种新冬50号达到最大灌浆速率时间随行距缩小而推迟,受渐增期、快增期、缓增期灌浆速率的影响,最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率呈降低趋势,千粒重逐渐降低。随着行距缩小、株距扩大,在未发生倒伏的情况下,两个品种的有效穗数和产量呈增加趋势。南疆400万株·hm~(-2)种植密度条件下,冬小麦5 cm×5 cm模式为最佳株行配置模式,但多穗型品种存在倒伏的风险。     

Physicochemical control of durum wheat grain filling and glutenin polymer assembly under different temperature regimes

Durum wheat is grown in the Mediterranean area where drought and high temperature frequently prevail and impact grain texture, composition and yield. The purpose of this work was to examine the effect of high temperature on grain development and final composition according to the timing of exposure. High temperature (up to 27.5 °C) was applied either during the linear grain filling or drying phases or during whole grain development. The dynamics of grain dry mass, water, glutenin polymers, and protein bodies during grain development were determined. Irrespective of high temperature timing, the arrest of grain filling was observed at 45.9% grain moisture content. At that point, starch granules included in endosperm cells reached their physical packing limit, limiting further deposits. HT applied before physiological maturity shortened the duration of grain filling and resulted in a significant increase in grain protein concentration and in the proportion of vitreous grain. Late formation of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-insoluble glutenin polymers below 32% grain moisture content was also favored. The ability of wheat storage protein to form a viscoelastic matrix embedding starch granules at the beginning of grain desiccation is proposed to be mandatory for gaining vitreous grains and a high proportion of SDS-insoluble glutenin polymers.