基于卷积神经网络的油茶籽完整性识别方法

针对现有油茶籽色选机无法识别碎籽的问题,提出一种基于卷积神经网络的油茶籽完整性识别算法。以油茶籽完整性识别为目标,构建油茶籽图像库;基于油茶籽完整性识别任务要求,通过对Alex Net网络进行优化得到适合油茶籽完整性识别的卷积神经网络模型,该网络具有4层卷积层、2层归一化层、3层池化层和1层全连接层。为了提高网络分类准确率和实时性,从网络结构简化和超参数优化两方面对卷积神经网络进行优化,最终网络结构(CO-Net)的分类准确率、训练收敛速度和泛化性能均得到了提高。实验结果表明,优化后的网络对油茶籽完整性识别准确率达98.05%,训练时间为0.58 h,模型规模为1.65 MB,单幅油茶籽图像检测平均耗时13.91 ms,可以满足油茶籽在线实时分选的要求。     

基于迁移学习的花类图像分类方法研究

传统的花类识别方法和普通卷积神经网络模型无法对花类图像进行准确的特征提取,花类之间较高的相似性使得分类识别较难。针对以上问题,为提高图像识别率,提出一种基于VGG16网络的迁移学习方法,对花卉图像进行分类。首先对花卉图像进行数据加强,然后对数据集预训练模型进行迁移学习,修改全连接分类层,最后对优化器与激活函数进行微调,得出分类结果。实验表明：该模型在花类分类识别中比传统方法和普通卷积神经网络模型得出的准确率高,迁移后准确率达到89.10%。     

基于迁移学习的卷积神经网络玉米病害图像识别

为实现小数据样本复杂田间背景下的玉米病害图像识别,提出了一种基于迁移学习的卷积神经网络玉米病害图像识别模型。在VGG-16模型的基础上,设计了全新的全连接层模块,并将VGG-16模型在Image Net图像数据集训练好的卷积层迁移到本模型中。将收集到的玉米病害图像数据集按3∶1的比例分为训练集与测试集。为扩充图像数据,对训练集原图进行了旋转、翻转等操作。基于扩充前后的训练集,对只训练模型的全连接层和训练模型的全部层(卷积层+全连接层)两种迁移学习方式进行了试验,结果表明,数据扩充和训练模型的全部层能够提高模型的识别能力。在训练模型全部层和训练集数据扩充的条件下,对玉米健康叶、大斑病叶、锈病叶图像的平均识别准确率为95. 33%。与全新学习相比,迁移学习能够明显提高模型的收敛速度与识别能力。将训练好的模型用Python开发为图形用户界面,可实现田间复杂背景下玉米大斑病与锈病图像的智能识别。     

基于改进卷积神经网络的复杂背景下玉米病害识别

为解决田间环境复杂背景下病害识别困难、识别模型应用率低的问题,提出了一种基于改进卷积神经网络的玉米病害识别方法,探讨了数据集的品质对建立模型性能的影响.利用复杂背景下的玉米病害图像进行数据增强、背景去除、图像细分割和归一化等处理,设计了具有5层卷积、4层池化和2个全连接层的卷积神经网络结构,利用L2正则化和Dropou...     

基于深度学习与图像处理的玉米茎秆识别方法与试验

以识别玉米秧苗茎秆为目标,采用云台搭载电荷耦合器件（CCD）相机获得玉米秧苗图像,采用LabelImage插件制作了玉米秧苗的标记与标签。基于深度学习框架TensorFlow搭建了多尺度分层特征的卷积神经网络模型,应用4倍膨胀的单位卷积核,获得了玉米秧苗图像的识别模型,其识别准确率为99.65%。将已知玉米秧苗图像划分为最佳子块,求取了各个子块的最佳二值化阈值。选取6种杂草密度在每天5个时间段进行为期3d的试验,共采集了10800幅图像。试验结果显示,对玉米秧苗茎秆的平均识别准确率为98.93%,且光照条件与田间杂草密度对识别结果没有显著影响（P>0.05）。     

基于多层EESP深度学习模型的农作物病虫害识别方法

为了提取图像高层语义特征、解决各种植物病虫害图像尺寸不相同的问题,提出了多层次增强高效空间金字塔(Extremely efficient spatial pyramid,EESP)卷积深度学习模型。首先,对图像进行预处理;其次,构建多层融合EESP网络模型,该模型通过对每层设置不同的空洞率进行空洞卷积,选择性地提取不同层次的特征信息,通过融合各层信息获得各种农作物病虫害图像的不同特征;最后,通过Softmax分类方法实现农作物病虫害识别。数据集包括10种农作物的61种病虫害类别,迭代训练300次,得到本文方法 Top1分类准确率最高达到了88.4%,且采用三阶EESP模型达到了最佳效果。     

基于改进卷积神经网络与图像处理的蚕茧识别方法

针对蚕茧分选中传统人工分类不准确、效率低的问题,提出一种基于改进卷积神经网络与图像处理结合的蚕茧识别方法。该方法模型共5层卷积层、5层池化层、4层全连接层,针对蚕茧表面受茧丝缠绕导致纹理不清晰以及光照不均问题,利用主成分分析法和颜色空间转换法对蚕茧图像进行特征增强。试验得该模型识别准确率达96%,其中经图像处理后的柴印茧识别准确率从86.21%提高到93.55%,色斑茧识别准确率从96%提升到100%。试验表明该方法可有效改善蚕茧识别效果,该模型可满足蚕茧识别分类需求,为实际生产提供有效参考依据。     

基于轻量卷积结合特征信息融合的玉米幼苗与杂草识别

针对自然环境下作物与杂草识别精度低、实时性和鲁棒性差等问题,以幼苗期玉米及其伴生杂草为研究对象,提出一种基于轻量卷积神经网络结合特征层信息融合机制的改进单步多框检测器（Single shot multibox detector,SSD）模型。首先,采用深度可分离卷积结合压缩与激励网络（Squeeze and excitation networks,SENet）模块构建轻量特征提取单元,在此基础上通过密集化连接构成轻量化前置基础网络,替代标准SSD模型中的VGG16网络,以提高图像特征提取速度;然后,基于不同分类特征层融合机制,将扩展网络中深层语义信息与浅层细节信息进行融合,融合后的特征图具有足够的分辨率和更强的语义信息,可以提高对小尺寸作物与杂草的检测准确率。试验结果表明,本文提出的深度学习检测模型对自然环境下玉米及其伴生杂草的平均精度均值为88.27%、检测速度为32.26f/s、参数量为8.82×10.6,与标准SSD模型相比,精度提高了2.66个百分点,检测速度提高了33.86%,参数量降低了66.21%,同时对小尺寸目标以及作物与杂草叶片交叠情况的识别具有良好的鲁棒性与泛化能力。本文方法可为农业自动化精准除草提供技术支持。     

基于迁移学习的卷积神经网络植物叶片图像识别方法

为了提高植物叶片图像的识别准确率,考虑到植物叶片数据库属于小样本数据库,提出了一种基于迁移学习的卷积神经网络植物叶片图像识别方法。首先对植物叶片图像进行预处理,通过对原图的随机水平、垂直翻转、随机缩放操作,扩充植物叶片图像数据集,对扩充后的叶片图像数据集样本进行去均值操作,并以4∶1的比例划分为训练集和测试集;然后将训练好的模型（AlexNet、InceptionV3）在植物叶片图像数据集上进行迁移训练,保留预训练模型所有卷积层的参数,只替换最后一层全连接层,使其能够适应植物叶片图像的识别;最后将本文方法与支持向量机(SVM)方法、深度信念网络(DBN)方法、卷积神经网络(CNN)方法在ICL数据库进行对比实验。实验使用Tensorflow训练网络模型,实验结果由TensorBoard可视化得到的数据绘制而成。结果表明,利用AlexNet、InceptionV3预训练模型得到的测试集准确率分别为95.31%、95.40%,有效提高了识别准确率。     

基于迁移学习的多尺度特征融合牦牛脸部识别算法

牦牛个体身份标识是实现个体建档、行为监测、精准饲喂、疫病防控及食品溯源的前提。针对智慧畜牧智能化、信息化等养殖平台中动物个体识别技术应用需求，本研究提出一种基于迁移学习的多尺度特征融合牦牛脸部识别算法（Transfer Learning-Multiscale Feature Fusion-VGG， T-M-VGG）。以预训练的视觉几何组网络（Visual Geometry Group Network，VGG）为骨干网络构建基于迁移学习的卷积神经网络模型，获取其Block3、Block4、Block5输出的特征图，分别用F3、F4、F5表示，将F3和F5经过三个不同膨胀系数的空洞卷积组成的并行空洞卷积模块增大感受野后，送入改进的特征金字塔进行多尺度特征融合；最后利用全局平均池化代替全连接层分类输出。试验结果表明，本研究提出的T-M-VGG算法在194头牦牛的38,800张数据集中识别准确率达到96.01%，模型大小为70.75 MB。随机选取12张不同类别牦牛图像进行面部遮挡测试，识别准确率为83.33%。本算法可以为牦牛脸部识别研究提供参考。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。