提高对兽药的认知深度,促进动物保健品行业的健康发展

兽药是动物保健品行业的主业,是行业中最重要的组成部分.为社会提供绿色、健康食品需要我们兽药生产企业加深对兽药及整个动物保健品行业的认知度,为养殖业提供高效、安全的兽药产品,国务院新修订的〈兽药管理条例〉以及农业部制定的一系列〈兽药管理条例〉的配套行政规章都要求我们要加强对兽药的法制化管理,规范兽药的市场行为,促进兽药行业的健康发展,为人类健康和公共卫生服务.为了这一目标的实现,企业界和管理部门都做出了巨大的努力,形成了今天这种良好的局面.我们要走的路还很长,要做的工作还很多.行业要发展,企业要做强,市场要规范,产品质量要上新台阶,这一切都要靠业内全体同仁的不懈努力.我们要认清肩负的历史责任,明确发展方向,克服前进中的困难,改进工作中的不足,将我们的行业推向一个新的发展阶段.在这里,我就如何提高对兽药行业和兽药监管工作的认识,如何充分发挥行业协会的重要作用,促进行业的健康发展,谈点个人的认识和看法,与大家共同探讨.不妥之处,请批评指正。     

Histamine: metabolism, physiology, and pathophysiology with applications in veterinary medicine

Objective – To review the human and veterinary literature on histamine physiology and pathophysiology and potential applications for clinical use in veterinary critical care. Data Sources – Human and veterinary clinical studies, reviews, texts, and recent research in histamine receptor and antagonist therapy. Human Data Synthesis – Recent progress in molecular biology has led to a more complete understanding of the enzymes involved in histamine metabolism and histamine receptor physiology. The past decade of research has confirmed the role of histamine in the classical functions (contraction of smooth muscle, increase in vascular permeability, and stimulation of gastric acid secretion) and has also elucidated newer ones that are now under investigation. Data on the roles of histamine in angiogenesis, circadian rhythm, bone marrow regeneration, bacterial eradication, and cancer are emerging in the literature. Newer histamine antagonists are currently in drug trials and are expected to advance the clinical field in treatment of allergic, gastrointestinal, and cognitive disorders. Veterinary Data Synthesis – Veterinary histamine research is directed at identifying the effects of certain pharmacological agents on blood histamine concentrations and establishing the relevance in clinical disease states. Research demonstrates important species differences in regards to histamine receptor physiology and tissue response. Studies in the area of trauma, sepsis, anaphylaxis, allergy, and gastrointestinal disorders have direct applications to clinical veterinary medicine. Conclusions – Histamine plays a key role in the morbidity and mortality associated with allergy, asthma, gastric ulcers, anaphylaxis, sepsis, hemorrhagic shock, anesthesia, surgery, cardiovascular disease, cancer, CNS disorders, and immune‐mediated disease. Histamine antagonism has been in common use to block its adverse effects. With recent advances in the understanding of histamine receptor physiology, pharmaceutical agents targeting these receptors have increased the therapeutic options.     

The history of scabies in veterinary and human medicine from biblical to modern times

For many centuries a host of naturalists, savants, physicians and veterinarians have tried to unravel the etiology of scabies in humans and animals and to discover effective remedies to control it. After many attempts, success was achieved in the discovery of the parasitic etiology of the disease in the 15th century. Also, major advances with regard to the treatment of the disease were made during the 19th and 20th centuries. Today the prevalence of epidemic scabies in humans has diminished; on the other hand, good progress in the control of mange of livestock has been made only in a few countries including Australia, New Zealand and the U.S.A.     

The properties and use of penicillins in the veterinary field, with special reference to skin infections in dogs and cats

The use of the penicillins in veterinary dermatology is discussed. An outline is provided of the main penicillins used in the veterinary field. These include benzyl penicillin, penicillin V, ampicillin, amoxycillin, co-amoxiclav and oxacillin. An increase in β-lactamase production among strains of Staphylococcus intermedius , the principal canine pathogen in pyoderma, has been seen in recent years. Thus only those penicillins with resistance to β-lactamase (co-amoxiclav or isoxazolyl penicillins) are likely to be of value in treating canine pyoderma. However, feline, porcine and equine staphylococcal dermatoses, and other veterinary dermatoses such as the actinomycoses, dermatophilosis and erysipelothrix, usually respond well to most penicillins, whether or not they resist β-lactamase.     

Limits and risks of biotechnology in veterinary medicine from the viewpoint of the virologist

The methods of biotechnology especially of recombinant technology opened new horizons for studies and directed control of the genomic deoxyribonucleic acid of plants, animals and men. These chances for plant breeding and animal husbandry include techniques for improved diagnosis and prophylaxis of infectious diseases or genetic defects. However, we have also to very carefully consider the potential risks of these techniques which cannot be fully evaluated at present. In this paper some of the ethic, moral and social consequences will be discussed.