热烫对绿芦笋品质和抗氧化活性的影响

本文以新鲜绿芦笋为原料,通过确定绿芦笋的热烫工艺条件,研究热烫对绿芦笋品质和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:绿芦笋的适宜热烫工艺条件为91℃、3min,热烫处理会导致绿芦笋的可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、总糖和总酚含量降低,叶绿素含量上升,·OH自由基清除率下降,和DPPH自由基清除率上升。     

精制鲢鱼抗氧化肽的性质研究

在精制得到鲢鱼抗氧化肽的基础上,研究其基本成分、溶解性、黏度、分子量分布及氨基酸组成等性质,为精制鲢鱼抗氧化肽的应用提供了理论基础和依据。精制鲢鱼抗氧化肽具有良好的溶解性,在pH值2~10,溶解度均在95%以上;低黏度,在浓度为40%时的黏度为4.5%,远好于鲢鱼蛋白的22.2%;分子量分布表明精制鲢鱼抗氧化肽1000Da以下的组分占全部蛋白质的97.3%,且大部分集中在500~190Da之间,占到总含量的60%左右;鲢鱼蛋白和精制鲢鱼抗氧化肽的氨基酸组成表明,大部分氨基酸含量未发生明显变化,对抗氧化活性有贡献的天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和脯氨酸等的含量有所增加。     

紫薯多酚生物活性及体外模拟胃肠消化稳定性研究

对经树脂纯化后的紫薯游离酚和结合酚提取物分别进行体外清除DPPH自由基及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的检测。结果表明:紫薯游离酚和结合酚提取物清除DPPH自由基的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.014 mg/mL和2.020 mg/mL,α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的IC50分别为0.160 mg/mL和0.980 mg/mL,说明紫薯多酚提取物具有较强的DPPH自由基清除能力和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制能力;经体外模拟胃消化1 h、肠消化2 h后,游离酚和结合酚含量均下降,且前者下降幅度大于后者。     

葡萄皮和葡萄酒抗氧化活性与抑制斑马鱼血管生成研究

对2种葡萄皮及其酿造的葡萄酒中粗酚进行提取,测定其体外DPPH清除率和总抗氧化能力,进一步利用转基因斑马鱼对提取物进行血管生成抑制活性检测。提取物处理斑马鱼胚胎22 h后,统计斑马鱼体节间血管的生长情况及提取物对斑马鱼体节间血管的抑制作用。试验结果显示,葡萄酒和葡萄皮均具有一定的体外抗氧化活性,但葡萄酒的DPPH清除率和总抗氧化能力均高于葡萄皮,其中葡萄酒1的DPPH清除率最高,为89.42%;比葡萄酒2高1.29个百分点,总抗氧化能力葡萄酒2最高,为223.24 U/m L;葡萄酒粗酚提取物能明显抑制斑马鱼血管生成,且节间血管数量较对照组明显减少,其中葡萄酒1的背长轴和体节间血管抑制效果更好;而葡萄皮粗酚提取物对斑马鱼血管生成无任何作用。     

牦牛乳酪蛋白酶解工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

本文研究了碱性蛋白酶最佳酶解条件,确定了碱性蛋白酶水解牦牛乳酪蛋白制备抗氧化肽的最佳水解条件,通过体外消化试验检测了水解产物的抗氧化活性变化。碱性蛋白酶的最佳酶解为温度50℃和最适pH值7.5;碱性蛋白酶添加量2%、温度55℃、pH值7.5和反应时间2h,水解产物抗氧化活性最高,清除DPPH能力为55.75%。经过胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶体外消化试验,水解产物抗氧化活性减弱,其中胰蛋白酶对抗氧化活性影响最大,胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶分别消化1h后,水解产物清除DPPH能力降为30.36%。     

富锌蛹虫草菌丝体不同溶剂浸提物的体外抗氧化能力

以富锌蛹虫草菌丝体水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯提取物为研究材料,对其体外清除O2-自由基、羟自由基和DPPH有机自由基的抗氧化能力进行了测定。结果显示:提取物的浓度越高,对O2-自由基、羟自由基、DPPH的清除率越高。不同溶剂提取物对不同自由基清除率作用不同,当提取物浓度为90 mg/mL时,水提取物对O2-自由基清除率最高可达66.93%,乙醇提取物对羟自由基清除率最高为87.59%,乙酸乙酯提取物对DPPH清除率最高达到100%。      

加工条件及模拟胃肠消化对小麦肽抗氧化稳定性的影响

为研究小麦肽在生产加工及胃肠消化过程中抗氧化性能的稳定性,以小麦肽为对象,研究温度、pH值、食品原辅料、金属离子和模拟胃肠消化对小麦肽清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基、超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-·)、羟自由基(·OH)能力的影响。结果表明,小麦肽的抗氧化活性具有良好的热稳定性,但在碱性条件下抗氧化活性下降明显;NaCl、葡萄糖、柠檬酸有利于提高小麦肽的抗氧化活性,且其浓度越高增效越明显,而蔗糖、山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钠则影响不大;K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)对小麦肽的抗氧化活性没有明显影响,而Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)则对其抗氧化活性有一定提高作用;人工胃液单独消化有助于提高小麦肽的抗氧化活性,而人工肠液单独消化则导致其抗氧化活性明显下降,人工胃液、人工肠液分步消化同样致使小麦肽抗氧化活性有所下降,但仍能保持较高的抗氧化活性。小麦肽的抗氧化性能受到生产加工及胃肠消化的影响,因此,合理优化的加工条件有利于维持小麦肽抗氧化性能的稳定性。     

马铃薯渣蛋白抗氧化肽的酶法制备

以马铃薯渣为原料,采用酶法将薯渣中的蛋白转化为具有抗氧化活性的多肽。以酶解液对DPPH自由基清除率为酶解效果评价指标,从木瓜蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶等6种商业蛋白酶中筛选出胰蛋白酶为最佳水解用酶。通过优化试验,得出薯渣蛋白最佳酶解条件为：底物质量浓度4g/（100mL）、加酶量7%、pH值8.0、料液温度50℃、酶解时间90min。酶解液稀释20倍后对DPPH自由基的清除率为72%,酶解液清除     

乳清蛋白中性蛋白酶解物对Caco-2细胞铁吸收的影响

采用体外消化与Caco-2 细胞模型相结合的方法,研究了乳清蛋白浓缩物（WPC）中性酶解产物经超滤后获得的各组分对强化铁生物利用率的影响;采用Sephadex G-25 凝胶层析法对WPC的中性酶解产物的消化产物进行分离,并用Caco-2 细胞模型评价了分离后各组分对铁吸收的影响。结果表明,WPC中性酶解产物的各组分中,低分子量的组分（分子量小于10kDa）可以有效提高铁的生物利用率。组分3kR（分子量在3~10kDa之间）和3kF（分子量小于3kDa）与铁一起摄入时,铁的生物利用率分别达到23.32%、24.23%,显著高于WPC（2.58%）。铁的吸收率和生物利用率显著相关,而渗透率与生物利用率之间没有显著相关性;WPC中性酶解产物消化产物的各组分中,分子量小于1kDa 的组分将铁的吸收率提高到90.47%,显著高于空白（25.13%）。而分子量为1~5kDa 的一个组分会抑制铁的吸收。     

桦褐孔菌复合饮料配方优化及抗氧化能力研究

以桦褐孔菌为原料,经超声波辅助方法提取了多糖及三萜类物质,并通过单因素和多因素实验优化了桦褐孔菌复合饮料的配方,并以DPPH自由基清除率为指标评价了桦褐孔菌复合饮料的抗氧化能力。实验结果表明：桦褐孔菌提取液多糖含量为2.5 mg/mL,三萜含量为248 μg/mL;桦褐孔菌复合饮料的最优配方为：桦褐孔菌提取液35 %、白糖10 %、明胶0.4 %、柠檬酸0.20 %、茉莉花茶提取液5 %;本配方制得的桦褐孔菌复合饮料对DPPH自由基清除率为52.12 %;饮料呈焦糖色、澄清无沉淀,具有桦褐孔菌特有的风味和清淡的茉莉花香味,无其他异味,具有较好的稳定性和抗氧化活性,是一款具有较好市场发展前景的功能性饮料。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。