牛蛙人工催产技术要点

为了集中提前产卵，提早出苗，提高经济效益，须进行牛蛙的人工繁殖，各水产专业刊物对牛蛙的人工繁殖技术介绍较多，但对牛蛙人工催产方面的技术介绍却是蜻蜓点水，零星报道。本人从事牛蛙人工催产方面的工作多年，现将其关键技术总结如下：１．天气的选择选择天气稳晴、气压高，水温稳定在１８℃以上的条件下进行。２．催产亲蛙的选择选择体质健壮活泼，无病无伤，体重４００克以上，１～２冬龄，第一至第二次产卵的新蛙最好，使用两年后全部淘汰。雌蛙要求腹部膨大柔软富有弹性，泄殖孔轻度开放，雄蛙要求下颌皮肤金黄色，前肢粗壮，婚瘤…     

中华鲟人工催产试验

长江葛洲坝工程的兴建，阻隔了大型海河洄游性鱼类中华鲟的生殖洄游通道。中华鲟性成熟晚(一般雄性9龄、雌性16龄以上)，属高龄产卵类型，产卵补充群体小，资源一旦受到破坏，种群的恢复十分困难。因此采取各种措施增殖鲟类资源，具有深远的意义。我站同另五个有关单位协作，于1981年开始进行中华鲟坝下人工繁殖试验。经过三年努力，于1983年11月在坝下催产成功，并孵化出大量鲟苗。这是中华鲟人工繁殖获得成功的首例。     

新激素对家鱼催产试验的小结

今年，我场应用LRH类似物对家鱼进行了人工催产、共孵出草、鲢、鳙鱼苗712.1万尾，比去年增产32.2%，现将催产情况小结如下：     

胭脂鱼人工催产技术

1990年3月,我们进行了胭脂鱼人工繁殖试验。采用的是高效鱼类催产合剂3号,该药是宁波市激素制品厂的最新产品。它是由地欧酮(DOM)和鲑鱼促性腺激素释放激素类似物(SGnRH—A)组成。     

缢蛏土池人工催产技术研究

在室外土池缢蛏人工育苗过程中，进行了不同催产方法的效果对比试验，结果表明；低盐度海区亲蛏催产效果高于高盐度海区，采用淡化水刺激，进行8小时阴干刺激，经过暂养的亲蛏催产效果较好。     

人工养殖牛蛙技术

近几年,本人在教学和指导养蛙户的实践过程中,休会到养牛蛙并不很难,只要掌握好几个技术原则和生产环节就能成功。本文试作粗略介绍。三个技术原则 (一)近似自然的原则作为冷血动物的牛蛙,在漫长历史岁月中形成的生理特点和野生习性,是不可能在人工饲养的短暂时期内改造和驯化得了的。所以,养蛙者所提供给牛蛙     

牛蛙人工养殖技术

近年来,江苏省金湖县积极推广牛蛙人工养殖技术,取得明显效果。１９９８年,全县牛蛙养殖面积１３３．４万ｍ２,预计商品蛙产量为１００万ｋｇ以上。初步形成了从苗种繁育到商品蛙养成的一整套牛蛙人工养殖技术．下面将该项技术作简要介绍。１繁殖１．１产卵池牛蛙的产卵池从实际使用效果来看以土池为好．一般以５０～３００ｍ２为宜、池深８０～１００ｃｍ,水深５０ｃｍ。池埂坡度要大,水面与陆地面积１：１或３：２。池中应种植一些水生植物、用以净化水质和附着卵块。四周用尼龙网防逃。１．２种蛙要求健壮无伤。皮肤光滑,体重２５…     

泥鳅的繁殖力测定及几种激素人工催产比较

对泥鳅的繁殖力进行测定.结果表明,体长在15～17cm的泥鳅的绝对怀卵量较大,达20200～24200粒,最大怀卵量79700粒.测定泥鳅的成熟系数为0.57%～30.61%.并选用几种激素对泥鳅进行催产效果比较.初步认为B型、A型高效混合激素催产效果较好,LRH-A2对泥鳅的催产效果较差,但是LRH-A2和DOM混合对泥鳅进行催产也能取得较好的效果.     

高寒地区提高鲤鱼人工催产效果的初步探讨

本文以北方几种养殖鲤鱼为对象，根据鱼类性腺发育生理学，通过对不同时间、催产药物剂量的调整和生态条件（产卵池水体、水位变化及产卵池水温）的调节，了解对鲤鱼催产率的影响。实验证明以上几种方法，都能不同程度地提高鲤鱼亲鱼的催产率。为今后的渔业生产提供更科学的依据。     

笋壳鱼的人工催产试验

选择网箱养殖的笋壳鱼 ,经长途运输、暂养后催产。要求水温 2 8 2～ 2 9℃ ,催产剂为HCG和LRH-A2 +DOM合剂 ,单独使用HCG剂量 90 0～ 10 0 0IU/kg ,效应时间 5 0～ 5 4h ;使用LRH -A2 +DOM合剂剂量4 0～ 5 0 μg +10～ 15mg/kg ,效应时间 4 8～ 5 2h。催产 14组亲鱼 ,催产成功率 85 7% ,平均受精率 95 % ,孵化率90 % ,出水花 2 9 7万尾。     

Gas Bubble Trauma in the Bullfrog Rana catesbeiana

Adult bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana , were exposed to water supersaturated with atmospheric air. Exposure to a differential pressure (δP) of 250 mm Hg [total gas pressure (TGP) = 132.9% of atmospheric pressure] resulted in a 40% mortality within one day owing to the accumulation of gas in the vascular system. Exposure to a AP of 128 mm Hg (TGP = 116.8%) for four days had no effect on bullfrog mortality, but produced subcutaneous gas bubbles in the webbing and on body surfaces, followed by hyperemia (tissue engorged with blood through blood vessel dilation), and petechial (small subcutaneous hemorrhage spot) and ecchymotic (large subcutaneous hemorrhage spot) hemorrhaging. Owing to accumulation of gas under the skin, these frogs typically floated and were unable to remain submerged. These clinical signs are similar to those commonly reported for "redleg" disease syndrome in bullfrogs. When held at a δP of 67 mm Hg (TGP = 108.8%) for 27 days, no clinical signs of gas bubble trauma were observed.     

牛蛙饲料的制备与质量分析

详述了牛蛙饲料配方、制备方法及养殖结果，分析了饲料的品质，认为该饲料是现阶段养蛙较理想的环保与保健型饲料。     

牛蛙腹水病病原鉴定和药敏试验

从患病牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)肝脏、四肢、腹水等组织划线分离,共获得3株菌,通过对菌落形态观察、革兰氏染色镜检及生理生化鉴定,确认其理化性质一致,均为洛菲不动杆菌(Acinetobacter lwoffi)。采取腹部注射和浸泡两种不同方式人工感染试验均证实该菌存在致病性,药敏试验表明,分离菌株W2011-01对左氟沙星、美洛培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、妥布霉素、复方新诺明、庆大霉素等18种药物敏感,对呋喃妥因、环丙沙星、沙拉沙星、乙酰螺旋霉素、青霉素、杆菌肽、痢特灵、利福平、氨苄西林、强力霉素耐药。     

Apparent Digestibility of Different Ingredients in Diets for Bullfrog Rana catesbeiana Tadpoles

The objective of this study was to determine apparent digestibility of protein and energy of ingredients commonly present in rations fed to bullfrog tadpoles Rana catesbeiana such as corn, soybean meal, wheat meal, rice bran, poultry by-product meal, blood meal, fish meal, corn starch and soybean oil.
A completely randomized design was used to test ten experimental diets with four replicates. About 30% of the reference diet was replaced by the test ingredients, except for soybean oil that was used at 10% ratio and 0.5% of chromium oxide as inert marker. The values of apparent digestibility coefficient of crude protein (ADC_CP) and gross energy (ADC_GE) of the protein ingredients were, respectively: fish meal, 81 and 95%; poultry byproduct meal, 82 and 87%; blood meal, 64 and 53%; and soybean meal, 93 and 90%. While for the energetic ingredients, ADC_CP and ADC_GE, were, respectively: wheat meal, 100 and 72%; rice bran, 57 and 24%; and corn, 84 and 92%. Soybean oil and cornstarch ADC_GE values were 70 and 96%, respectively; cornstarch digestibility is highly dependent on feed processing technique.
The results showed that the ingredients of plant origin, except for rice bran, had good digestibility, thus indicating that tadpoles can effectively use plant protein. In this trial, the least digestible ingredients were blood meal and rice bran, thus indicating that the use of such ingredients in bullfrog tadpole diets should be limited.     

膨化饲料水库网箱养殖牛蛙试验

选择环境安静,水质清新,水面开阔的库湾设置网箱(2 a=10 mm)养殖牛蛙,放养体重50~100 g的牛蛙160~200只/m2,100 g以上的牛蛙80~100只/m2,探索解决牛蛙常规养殖存在的污染环境和疾病严重等问题。结果表明:牛蛙的成活率为94.3%,日均增重1.33~2.97 g,网箱新增产值178元/m2,显著高于牛蛙常规养殖和鱼塘网箱养殖效益,为牛蛙养殖和综合提高水体养殖效益提供新的发展途径。     

牛蛙肥大细胞中类胰蛋白酶的证实

类胰蛋白酶已被作为人类和某些哺乳动物组织中肥大细胞的标志.为检测蛙科动物肥大细胞胞浆中是否含有类胰蛋白酶,采用了小鼠抗人类肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶单克隆抗体AAl通过间接免疫过氧化物酶技术,对牛蛙的舌,肠和脾以及人食道鳞癌组织(用作阳性对照)石蜡切片中的肥大细胞进行染色.首次在Bouin氏液固定的牛蛙组织中证实了牛蛙肥大细胞胞浆中类胰蛋白酶的存在,且单克隆抗体AA1与牛蛙肥大细胞中的类胰蛋白酶可获得良好的交叉反应.类胰蛋白酶阳性细胞多位于牛蛙肠黏膜固有层,少量见于肠绒毛基底部及舌粘膜下腺体周围,而未见于脾组织中.人食道癌间质中可见多量类胰蛋白酶阳性细胞.研究证实,与人类肥大细胞相似的是牛蛙肥大细胞也含有这种特有的类胰蛋白酶,牛蛙有可能是用作肥大细胞生物学研究的理想实验动物.     

贵州草海湿地牛蛙的分布现状及其生境选择特征

生物入侵已成为全球重要的环境问题,牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)的入侵对当地生物多样性和水生生态系统造成了严重的危害。为掌握牛蛙在贵州草海湿地的种群分布现状及其对生境的选择特征,于2018年6-8月对草海湿地牛蛙的分布、种群数量及栖息生境进行了研究,并利用生境喜好系数和主成分分析法对牛蛙的生境选择特征进行了分析。结果表明,牛蛙主要分布于草海湿地上游的刘家巷及邻近区域,并向中、下游的顾家底、阳关山等区域扩散。通过牛蛙生境选择特征分析发现,牛蛙偏好选择的微生境为植被类型为草地和沼泽草甸的区域、水体类型为静水水塘和沟渠的区域、具有水深较浅(≤0.6 m)、草本盖度适中(31%～60%)、草本高度较高(31～100 cm)、地表温度较高(21℃～25℃)、地表湿度较高(41%～80%)、离干扰源距离适中(101～500 m)的特点。牛蛙偏好生境的主成分分析结果表明：水体类型、植被、水域深度、温度和干扰强度是影响牛蛙生境选择的重要因素。研究表明,牛蛙在草海湿地已占据一定的生态地位,并呈泛滥孳生趋势。应根据牛蛙的生物学特性(如食性、繁殖特性、生境选择特征等)对已形成自然种群的牛蛙进行综合治理,避免其在草海湿地的进一步扩散,使其对草海湿地生态系统的危害处在可控范围之内。     

牛蛙腐皮病的血液与组织病理学研究

牛蛙腐皮病是危害牛蛙的一种传染性疾病。通过对牛蛙腐皮病的血液、组织病理学观察,并与正常牛蛙进行对比,揭示牛蛙腐皮病的血液、组织病理变化,了解其发病机理,为牛蛙腐皮病的预防和治疗提供科学依据。     

Beneficial properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a Rana catesbeiana hatchery

This work addresses the selection of potentially probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to be used in raniculture. Thus, strains belonging to the genera Pediococcus pentosaceus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from a Rana catesbeiana hatchery were evaluated for their inhibitory properties against RLS-associated pathogens ( Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis ) and food-borne bacteria. Cell-free supernatants of LAB strains inhibited the growth of at least one of the pathogens by organic acids, but L. lactis CRL 1584 also produced a bacteriocin-like metabolite. The ability of LAB strains to produce H₂O₂ in MRS+TMB medium was also studied. Seventy-eight to ninety six per cent of the strains showed some level of H₂O₂ production. Moreover, different organic solvents were used to determine the hydrophobicity and Lewis acid/base characteristic of LAB strain surfaces. Most of the strains presented hydrophilic properties, but no acidic or basic surface characters. However, some strains isolated from the skin showed a high degree of hydrophobicity and basic components in the cell surface due to their adhesion to chloroform. These properties were not observed in LAB from balanced feed and freshwater. Taking into account general guidelines and the beneficial properties studied, five strains were selected as potential candidates to be included in a probiotic for raniculture.