复合生物菌对仔猪肠道菌群及抗病力的影响

采用复合生物菌给新生仔猪喂服,测定其对肠道三种主要菌群的影响;同时用致病性大肠杆菌攻毒,测定其抗病力。结果表明：复合生物菌能显著地降低仔猪直肠中的大肠杆菌,增加乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌等有益菌,有效地促进肠道正常菌群的形成,使仔猪下痢的发病率降低87．47％,治疗显效率达100％,对致病性大肠杆菌有很强的拮抗作用。     

复合生物菌对仔猪生产性能的影响

采取单因子试验设计方法,试验分为2组,按每组4头母猪,试验用各组仔猪数按每组母猪所产仔猪实际数计算。试验组仔猪从7日龄开始用复合生物菌,按0．2％剂量混入饲料,不加抗生素,至28日龄转群至保育舍。对照组从补饲开始在饲料中添加0．04％的盐酸金霉素至60日龄。重点研究了复合生物菌对仔猪生产性能、防止断奶应激、防治仔猪肠道疾病的影响,并初步探讨复合生物菌在生产应用中发挥作用的理论机制。     

复合抗氧化剂对早期断奶仔猪肠道主要菌群的影响

研究旨在探讨复合抗氧化剂对早期断奶仔猪肠道主要菌群的影响.选择12窝21日龄(杜×长)二元杂交仔猪,随机分成3组,每组4窝猪,分别为对照组、断奶组和抗氧化剂组.对照组和断奶组饲喂基础日粮,抗氧化剂组在基础日粮中添加6.75 g/kg复合抗氧化剂.断奶组和抗氧化剂组分别于21日龄断奶,对照组继续哺乳.在仔猪24日龄时,每窝随机取1头进行屠宰,无菌采集仔猪盲肠内容物,以SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR技术测定盲肠内容物中乳酸杆菌和大肠杆菌数量的变化.结果表明:1)与对照组相比,断奶组乳酸杆菌数量降低了49.3％,大肠杆菌数量增加了66.2％;抗氧化剂组乳酸杆菌数量有下降的趋势,但差异不显著,大肠杆菌数量显著降低了57.9％.2)与断奶组相比,抗氧化剂组乳酸杆菌显著升高,大肠杆菌数量显著降低.仔猪早期断奶应激可导致肠道菌群紊乱,在日粮中添加复合抗氧化剂能够促进肠道有益菌并抑制有害菌的增殖,提高仔猪肠道健康.     

微生物发酵饲料对仔猪肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在探究微生物发酵饲料替代部分基础饲料对仔猪肠道菌群的影响。本试验选择160头21日龄的断奶仔猪(体重约为7.0 kg),按照单因素试验设计原则,将它们随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头(公、母各半)。对照组仔猪饲喂基础饲料,试验组仔猪分别饲喂含有5%、10%和15%微生物发酵饲料,等量替换基础饲料,试验周期为4周。试验结束后,采集各组仔猪粪便,用于检测肠道菌群。结果表明,5%、10%和15%微生物发酵饲料组的仔猪的肠道中大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组仔猪的(P <0.05),10%和15%微生物发酵饲料组仔猪肠道中的乳酸菌和双歧杆菌数量显著高于对照组仔猪的(P <0.05)。研究表明,在仔猪养殖生产中使用适量的微生物发酵饲料替代基础饲料,可以降低仔猪肠道中的大肠杆菌数量,增加乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的数量,通过调节肠道菌群结构改善肠道健康。     

壳聚糖对断奶仔猪肠道菌群的影响

日粮中添加不同水平壳聚糖对断奶仔猪肠道总需氧菌、乳酸菌和大肠杆菌数的影响.试验选择180头(杜×大×长)三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为5个日粮处理组,每处理6个重复,每重复6头猪,试验期28 d.基础日粮中分别添加0、100、500、1000和2000 mg/kg壳聚糖.各日龄阶段壳聚糖添加组盲肠和结肠内的总需氧菌均低于对照组;乳酸菌数均高于对照组,但从回归分析结果看,与壳聚糖添加量都没有明显的剂量依赖关系.各日龄阶段壳聚糖日粮组盲肠和结肠内大肠杆菌数均低于对照组.盲肠内大肠杆菌数在14d时各组间差异趋于显著,在28 d时随壳聚糖添加剂量的增加呈显著的二次曲线降低变化.结果表明:添加壳聚糖能够有效抑制结肠内大肠杆菌数,从而在一定程度上改善断奶仔猪的肠道微生态环境.     

芽孢杆菌对仔猪肠道菌群的影响

芽孢杆菌能维持肠道菌群平衡,降低仔猪腹泻的发生。文中阐述了3种常用益生菌枯草芽孢杆菌、纳豆芽孢杆菌及地衣芽孢杆菌对仔猪肠道菌群的影响以及影响芽孢杆菌使用效果的因素,为芽孢杆菌在仔猪生产中的合理应用提供参考。     

复合抗菌肽对断奶仔猪肠道菌群和pH值的影响

为了研究复合抗菌肽对断奶仔猪肠道菌群和pH值的影响,试验选用26日龄、体重相近的健康杜长大三元杂交仔猪90头随机分成5组,每组18头。在26~53日龄期间,Ⅰ组(空白组)饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组在基础日粮中添加400 mg/kg黄芪多糖,Ⅲ~Ⅴ组在基础日粮中分别添加250 mg/kg、500 mg/kg和1 000 mg/kg的复合抗菌肽,于第32、39、46和53日龄时每组随机选取3头仔猪,进行肠道菌群和p H值的测定。结果表明:与对照组相比,复合抗菌肽和黄芪多糖均能降低肠道中大肠杆菌的数量(P0.01)和肠道p H值(P0.05或P0.01),同时提高乳酸杆菌的数量(P0.01)。研究表明,在饲料中添加复合抗菌肽可增加肠道益生菌乳酸杆菌的数量,降低肠道大肠杆菌数量,但以1000mg/kg添加量的复合抗菌肽效果最好。     

复合菌对肉仔鸡生产性能及肠道中主要正常菌群的影响

本试验采用单因子方差分析的试验设计,分成4组,其中1组为对照组,2,3,4组为试验组,每组设三个重复,每个重复30只鸡,同时进行饲养试验和肠道菌的培养(2组为加入10Oppm金霉素组,3组为加入3％的复合粒菌组,4组为1:2000复合菌液饮水)。每天进行鸡群健康和行为观察,记录发病情况和死亡数,每周进行称重、称料和肠道菌的培养与鉴定。结果表明:与对照组相比,金霉素组在前期促进了肉仔鸡的生长,体现在第二周、第三周、第四周的增重较对照组分别提高了13.14%(<0.01)、14.96%(p<0.01)、14.73%(p<0.05),使0～49日龄肉鸡的体增重达到了差异显著(p<0.05),比对照组提高了8.73%(p<0.05)。而复合菌组,无论是粒菌,还是液菌,对0～49日龄肉鸡的生产性能均未见有明显的影响。由肠道菌分离培养结果可以看出:金霉素显著抑制了大肠杆菌前期的生长;复合菌增强了肉鸡肠道正常菌群定植初期的定植抗力。     

饲用抗生素对仔猪肠道菌群及肠道物质代谢影响的研究

饲用抗生素可提高猪的生产性能已被大量试验所证实（Ｈａｙｓ１９８７）。有关抗生素的作用机理前人已做过许多研究,并提出一些与促生长有关的相应证据,如抗生素可有效地治疗和预防疾病（Ｋｕｎｅｓｈ,１９９４）,使肠壁变薄（Ｈｅｎｒｙ等人１９８６）,回肠绒毛高度...     

活性干酵母对仔猪肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平的活性干酵母对“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪肠道菌群的影响。试验选取21日龄体重约6.8 kg健康的断奶仔猪280头,按照单因素设计,随机分成4组,每组7个重复,每个重复10头。对照组断奶仔猪饲喂基础饲料,活性干酵母组断奶仔猪分别饲喂含有250、500和750 g/t的活性干酵母的试验饲料。预饲期1周,正式试验期4周。试验结束后采集回肠和空肠食糜用于检测肠道菌群。结果表明：试验B组和试验C组断奶仔猪回肠中的乳酸菌数量显著高于对照组的(P <0.05);所有活性干酵母组断奶仔猪回肠中大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组的(P <0.05),酵母菌数量显著高于对照组的(P <0.05);所有活性干酵母组断奶仔猪空肠中的乳酸菌和酵母菌数量均显著高于对照组的(P <0.05),大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组的(P <0.05)。试验表明,断奶仔猪饲喂适量的活性干酵母可以提高肠道中乳酸菌和酵母菌数量,降低大肠杆菌数量,改善肠道菌群结构,且活性干酵母在仔猪生产中的适宜添加量为500 g/t。     

Effect of gluconic acid on piglet growth performance, intestinal microflora, and intestinal wall morphology

Gluconic acid (GA) derives from the incomplete oxidation of glucose by some Gluconobacter strains. When fed to nonruminant animals, GA is only poorly absorbed in the small intestine and is primarly fermented to butyric acid in the lower gut. This study investigated the effect of GA on in vitro growth response and metabolism of swine cecal microflora and on animal growth performance, intestinal wall morphology, and intestinal microflora. During a 24-h in vitro cecal fermentation, total gas production and maximum rate of gas production were increased by GA (linear, P < 0.001). Ammonia in cecal liquor was reduced by GA after 4, 8, and 24 h of fermentation (quadratic, P < 0.01). After 24 h of fermentation, total short-chain fatty acids, acetic acid, propionic acid, n-butyric acid, acetic to propionic acid ratio, and acetic + butyric to propionic acid ratio were linearly increased by GA (P < 0.001). In the in vivo study, 48 piglets were divided into 4 groups and housed in individual cages for 6 wk. Piglets received a basal diet with a) no addition (control) or with GA addition at b) 3,000 ppm, c) 6,000 ppm, or d) 12,000 ppm. After 6 wk, 4 animals per treatment were killed, and samples of intestinal content and mucosa were collected. Compared with control, GA tended to increase average daily gain (+13 and +14% for GA at 3,000 and 6,000 ppm, respectively; P of the model = 0.11; quadratic, P < 0.05). Daily feed consumption and gain to feed ratio were not influenced by GA. Intestinal counts of clostridia, enterobacteriaceae, and lactic acid bacteria were not affected by GA. Gluconic acid tended to increase total short-chain fatty acids in the jejunum (+174, +87, and +74% for GA at 3,000, 6,000, and 12,000 ppm, respectively; P of the model = 0.07; quadratic, P = 0.07). Morphological evaluation of intestinal mucosa from jejunum, ileum, and cecum did not show any significant differences among treatments. This study showed that feeding GA influences the composition and activity of the intestinal microflora and may improve growth performance of piglets after weaning.     

Effect of weaning on small intestinal structure and function in the piglet.

Fifty-four piglets were selected from 12 litters weaned at 17 (Treatment 1), 21 (Treatment 2), 28 (Treatment 3) and 35 (Treatment 4) days old, respectively, to determine the effect of weaning age on small intestinal villus morphology, immunology and histochemistry. From proximal duodenum, proximal jejunum, distal jejunum and middle ileum, intestinal samples with three replicates (piglets) in each treatment were taken at 18, 22, 28 and 36; 22, 28, 36 and 43; 28, 36, 43, and 50; and 18, 22, 28, 36, 43 and 50 d of age in Treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. This was equivalent to 12 h, 3 d, 1 week, 2 week postweaning in Treatment 1; 12 h, 1 week, 2 week, 3 week postweaning in Treatment 2 and 3, and all the same age in Treatment 4 as in Treatment 1, 2, 3, respectively. The results showed that villous height of duodenum and proximal jejunum decreased significantly in Treatment 1 and 3. Crypt depth in the duodenum, proximal jejunum and ileum also decreased significantly in Treatment 1. Date had significant effect on villous height of the duodenum, distal jejunum and ileum with the shortest on day 29 and crypt depth of all positions increased with piglet age except the crypt depth in proximal jejunum decreased on day 50. Weaning age and day of age had significant effects on intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) number and goblet cell (GC) number at all positions of small intestinal mucosa in piglets. The number of IEL at all segments of small intestinal mucosa in Treatment 3 increased significantly compared to those in other treatments, but IEL number at all locations of small intestinal mucosa in Treatment 2 decreased significantly compared to those in other treatments. The number of GC in small intestinal mucosa increased significantly in early-weaned (< day 21) piglets. It appears that providing fluid milk replacer for a few days postweaning could dramatically reduce the negative impact of weaning on villous morphology and digestive and absorptive function, especially in pigs weaned prior to 3 week of age. Finally, as weaning age was reduced, GC had a greater role in intestinal duct protection.     

稷丰生物菌对仔猪生产性能的影响

采用稷丰生物菌给新生仔猪喂服 ,检测其生产性能的变化。结果表明 :稷丰生物菌能显著 (P <0 .0 5 )提高仔猪的日增重 ,与对照组比在试验期可平均提高日增重 8.9% ,提高仔猪成活率 2 0 .7% ,提高仔猪试验期饲料报酬 14 .0 % ,提高头均经济效益 12 8元     

仔猪败血性链球菌病的诊治

2004年11月5日,江西省万安县一个体养猪户一窝12头50日龄刚阉3d的仔猪出现2头死亡,4头呼吸困难,高热不食,通过临床观察及实验室诊断,确诊为仔猪败血性链球菌病。1发病情况据畜主反映,这窝猪发病前3d请当地兽医进行了阉割,发病前1d这窝猪精神和饮食均很正常,第2d早晨发现2头仔猪     

饲料中添加谷氨酰胺对草鱼肠道形态与抗病能力的影响

通过35 d的饲养试验旨在探讨饲料中添加谷氨酰胺(Gln)对草鱼肠道形态及抗病能力的影响。使用基础饲料作为对照组饲料(对照组),在基础饲料中添加1.2%的谷氨酰胺配制试验饲料(Gln组),分别喂养规格一致的草鱼(7 g/尾左右),每个试验组设3个重复。养殖28 d后在每个重复中随机选取6尾草鱼分离肠道用于肠道形态测定,然后对剩余草鱼肛门注射三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)乙醇混合溶液,继续喂养7 d,在此期间记录鱼体运动及体表损伤情况。结果表明:饲料中添加谷氨酰胺在不影响草鱼生长的前提下,可显著增加前、中和后肠绒毛高度、皱褶深度和肌层厚度;饲料中添加谷氨酰胺可有效缓解TNBS诱导的草鱼损伤临床症状。     

Effect of osmolality on net fluid absorption in non-infected and ETEC-infected piglet small intestinal segments

In the small intestinal segment perfusion model the effect of osmolality on net fluid absorption in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-infected and non-infected small intestinal segments of piglets was investigated. In ETEC-infected segments net fluid absorption was reduced. Lowering the osmolality from 375 to 150 mOsmol/l by reducing sodium chloride concentrations increased net fluid absorption. There was a linear relationship between osmolality and net fluid absorption for both non-infected and ETEC-infected segments. Below 150 mOsmol/l the inverse relationship between osmolality and net fluid absorption disappeared. Substitution of sodium chloride with mannitol decreased net fluid absorption since mannitol cannot be actively absorbed. In ETEC-infected segments perfused with oral rehydration solution net fluid absorption significantly increased compared to a sodium chloride solution of similar osmolality, probably because of the high glucose concentration. Supplying hypotonic sodium chloride fluids to piglets can be beneficial in replenishing water and electrolyte losses in case of infectious diarrhoea.     

延胡索酸和芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生产性能及免疫机能的影响

<正>目前,国内外对于酸化剂、益生素在早期断奶仔猪日粮中的应用已有较多的研究,但是,由于试验动物的品种、年龄、试验条件、添加剂量等不同,试验的结果变异很大。以往的试验研究多集中在单一物质对仔猪生产性能的影响,研究酸化剂、益生素在相同条件下的效果比较的试验较少,尤其是对延胡索酸和芽孢杆菌的效果比较、     

Glutamate effects on sucking piglet intestinal morphology and luminal metabolites

This study was conducted to measure the effects of orally administered glutamate (Glu) on suckling piglet (SP) intestinal morphology and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Forty‐eight newborn piglets with similar initial weights (1.55 ± 0.20 kg) were selected from six sows (eight piglets/sow) and randomly assigned into four groups. There was daily administration of the following: 0.18 g/kg body weight (BW) of sodium chloride (CN group); 0.06 g/kg BW monosodium glutamate (LMG group); 0.50 g/kg BW monosodium glutamate (MMG group); and 1.00 g/kg BW monosodium glutamate (HMG group). Four piglets (one/group) were randomly selected from each sow for tissue sampling at days 7 and 21. MMG group jejunal villus height and crypt depth significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to the CN group as of days 7 and 21. HMG group jejunal villus height and crypt depth reduced (p < 0.05) compared to the MMG group. LMG group jejunum goblet cell count was greater (p < 0.05) than that of the MMG or HMG groups. MMG and HMG group ileal villus height was greater (p < 0.05) than either CN or LMG groups as of day 7. HMG ileal crypt depth decreased (p < 0.05) compared to LMG and MMG groups. The MMG group had greater (p < 0.05) acetic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid and pentanoic acid contents in their caecum than the other groups as of day 21. It also had greater acetic acid, propanoic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid and isopentanoic acid contents in the colon than the other groups on day 21. No significant VFA content differences in the caecum or the colon were observed among groups on day 7. These results indicated that oral administration with monosodium glutamate (MSG) at 0.50 g/kg BW/day improved SP intestinal morphology and increased caecal and colonal VFA contents.     

快大素对早期断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能的影响及其机理探讨

试验选用28日龄断奶的杜洛克×长白×大约克三元杂交仔猪90头,以玉米-大麦-豆粕-鱼粉型日粮饲喂,进行为期28天的饲养试验。于试验期末采集试猪血液进行生化指标测定和免疫功能测定。试验组每吨全价饲料添加快大素150g。结果表明,试验组猪只平均日增重提高8.78％(p<0.05),料肉比下降6.43％(p<0.05);血液中甲状腺素、生长激素、宰酮、胰岛素及胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ的含量分别提高26.24％(p<0.05)、19.72％(p<0.05)、80％(p<0.05)、118.36％(p<0.05)和28.93％(p<0.05);通过LPS刺激和PHA刺激分别使试验组猪只的淋巴细胞刺激指数提高20％(p<0 05)和21.88％(p<0.05),提高 C_(3b)受体花环率84.13％(p<0.05)。日粮中添加快大素150g/t,可有效提高猪只的生长性能和免疫功能。