Sequences and polymorphisms of the canine monoamine transporter genes SLC6A2, SLC6A3, and SLC6A4 among five dog breeds

Monoamine transporters have roles to regulate the monoamine concentrations in synaptic clefts in the central nervous system and are the targets of antidepressants and psychostimulants. They include transporters for norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin, which are encoded by the SLC6A2, SLC6A3, and SLC6A4 genes, respectivily. We sequenced the full lengths of the coding regions of these genes for dogs and identified four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLC6A2 and four in SLC6A3. One SLC6A3 SNP was non-synonymous and caused an amino acid substitution from threonine to serine. The genotype frequencies of these polymorphisms differed significantly among five breeds with different behavioral traits, suggesting that novel SLC6A2 and SLC6A3 SNPs would provide additional useful information for behavioral genetic studies in dogs.     

Expression of the serotonin transporter (SERT) gene during mouse development

Veterinary Research Communications -     

SNP identification, linkage and radiation hybrid mapping of the porcine lamin A/C (LMNA) gene to chromosome 4q

The lamins are components of nuclear lamina and they have a profound influence on nuclear structure and functions. They are encoded by three genes, LMNA, LMNB1 and LMNB2. A genomic fragment of the porcine LMNA gene (822 bp; from exons 7 to 9) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and comparatively sequenced. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in intronic sequences: G162A, G208A, T367G and C618T. The SNPs are within the restriction sites for enzymes Bsh1236I, HpaII, AluI and Bsh1236I respectively. Allele frequencies at SNPs G208A, T367G and C618T were determined by using eight pig breeds. Linkage analysis in the Hohenheim Meishan × Piétrain family placed the LMNA gene in the chromosome 4q linkage group, between MEF2D and GBA (MEF2D– 3.0 cM –LMNA– 0.2 cM –GBA). In radiation hybrid mapping LMNA was most significantly linked to SW270 on chromosome 4 (39 cR; LOD = 7.86). The LMNA gene is located in the quantitative trait loci region for some carcass traits on chromosome 4q.     

Polymorphism association and expression analysis of alpha-lactalbumin (LALBA) gene during lactation in Nili Ravi buffalo

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Alpha-lactalbumin has been reported as a highly polymorphic gene that potentially alters the gene expression and is associated with milk composition in dairy...     

奶牛催乳素基因多态性及其与产奶性状的关联分析

催乳素(PRL)基因是影响奶牛泌乳性状的重要候选基因。通过PCR-RFLP结合测序方法检测了荷斯坦奶牛PRL基因5'侧翼区调控序列的多态性,并利用最小二乘法分析其与泌乳性状的关联性。结果显示:在PRL基因5'侧翼序列的906位点处发现A/G突变。共发现AA、AG和GG三种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.239 3、0.522 8和0.177 9,A和G的等位基因频率为0.530 7和0.469 3。多态信息含量检测结果显示该位点处于中度多态,卡方检验显示该位点处于Hardy-Weinberg不平衡状态(P0.05)。关联分析结果表明,该位点多态对产奶量、乳脂率均有影响。     

Polymorphism identification and cardiac gene expression analysis of the calsequestrin 2 gene in broiler chickens with sudden death syndrome

1. Sudden death syndrome (SDS) in broilers is a cardiac disease associated with ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF); however, its pathogenesis at the molecular level is not precisely determined.

2. Downregulation and mutations of calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2), a major intracellular Ca²⁺ buffer, have been associated with VT and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in humans but in chickens there is no report describing CASQ2 abnormalities in cardiac diseases.

3. In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms predisposing the myocardium to fatal arrhythmia in broilers, the mRNA expression level of chicken CASQ2 gene (chCASQ2) in the left ventricle of dead broilers with SDS was determined and compared to healthy broilers using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). To determine the probable mutations in chCASQ2, PCR and direct sequencing were also done.

4. Results showed a reduction in chCASQ2 expression in broilers dead by SDS. Three novel mutations (K289R, P308S, D310H) which are absent in healthy broilers were observed in chCASQ2.

5. It is concluded that susceptibility to fatal cardiac arrhythmia in SDS may be associated with changes in intracellular Ca²⁺ balance due to mutation and downregulation of chCASQ2.

     

猪MC4R基因Asp298Asn位点多态性及其与生长性状的关联

采用PCR-RFLPs方法对杜洛克、长白、大白3个品种共569头种猪的黑素皮质素受体-4(melanocortin-4 receptor,MC4R)基因的Asp298Asn位点多态性进行检测,分析了不同基因型对7个生长性状的影响。结果表明:3个品种均以GA基因型频率最高,大白猪等位基因A的频率高于G,杜洛克和长白则相反;在杜洛克中,GA基因型个体达100 kg体重日龄最短(P0.05),50~100 kg阶段的日增重最大(P0.05),100 kg活体背膘厚最薄(P0.05);在大白猪中,AA基因型个体达50 kg体重日龄、达100 kg体重日龄最短(P0.01),50~100 kg、30~100 kg阶段的日增重提高(P0.01),100 kg活体背膘厚最薄(P0.05);长白猪不同基因型在所有性状上的差异均不显著(P0.05)。研究结果进一步证实MC4R基因Asp298Asn位点确实与某些品种猪的生长性状显著关联,但在不同品种中,该位点的具体效应可能有所不同。     

Polymorphism and expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene and its association with growth traits in chicken

1. The objectives of the study were to detect polymorphism in the coding region of the IGF1 gene, explore the expression profile and estimate association with growth traits in indigenous and exotic chickens.

2. A total of 12 haplotypes were found in Cornish, control layer and Aseel breeds of chicken in which the h1 haplotype was most frequent.

3. Nucleotide substitutions among haplotypes were found at 21 positions in the IGF1 gene in which 4 substitutions resulted in non-synonymous mutations in the receptor binding domain of the IGF1 protein.

4. The haplogroup showed a significant effect on body weight at 24 and 42 d of age in the control layer line, body weight at 42 d and daily weight gain between 29 and 42 d in the control broiler line, daily weight gain between 29 and 42 d in Cornish, and body weights at 42 d as well as daily weight gain between 29 and 42 d in Aseel birds.

5. IGF1 expression varied among the breeds during embryonic and post-hatch periods. The expression among the haplogroups varied in different chicken tissues. The effect of haplogroup on myofibre number in pectoral muscle was non-significant, although there was significant variation in numbers between d 1 and d 42, and between broiler and layer lines.

6. It was concluded that the coding region of the IGF1 gene was polymorphic, expressed differentially during the pre-hatch and post-hatch periods, and haplogroups showed significant association with growth traits in chicken.     

牛MC4R基因多态性与体尺性状的相关分析

以西门塔尔牛、日本和牛、皖东黄牛、皖南牛和广丰牛为试验对象,利用PCR-RLFP技术检测牛MC4R基因1069C〉G的遗传突变,并采用SPSS软件分析MC4R基因的遗传多态性与牛体尺性状的关系。结果表明,该位点所对应不同基因型的个体,其体斜长在西门塔尔牛群体中存在显著差异,体斜长和胸围在皖东黄牛群体中存在显著差异。因此可以把MC4R基因作为肉牛生长发育的辅助选择的分子标记。     

Polymorphism of the pig 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1 gene (DECR1) and its association with carcass and meat quality traits

We characterized the nearly complete coding sequence of the pig 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1 (DECR1) gene, which encodes an enzyme involved in the beta-oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty enoyl-CoA esters and maps on a linoleic QTL located on Chromosome 4. Sequencing of a 937-bp fragment encompassing exons 2 and 10 revealed the existence of two missense SNP at exon 2 (C181 --> G181) and exon 5 (C458 -->G458). These two SNP are associated with Val (C) --> Leu (G) and Ser (C) --> Thr (G) conservative AA replacements at positions 61 and 153 of the DECR1 protein, respectively. Moreover, DECR1 genotyping in a representative sample of 184 pigs from the Large White, Pietrain, Iberian, Duroc, and Landrace breeds demonstrated the existence of disequilibrium linkage between these two SNP (Haplotype 1: C181C458; Haplotype 2: G181G458). An association analysis between DECR1 genotype and growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in a highly selected Landrace population (n = 470) revealed differences among genotypes for isocitrate dehydrogenase activity (highest posterior density [HPD] of 90%), longissimus thoracis pH (HPD of 95%), lightness (HPD of 90 to 95%), and redness (HPD of 95%). Because these associations were not consistently found in the three available genotype comparisons, we believe that exon 2 and 5 polymorphisms at the DECR1 gene might be in linkage disequilibrium with the true causal mutation influencing isocitrate dehydrogenase activity and muscle color and pH.     

Molecular cloning,expression and regulation analysis of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene in goose adipocytes

1. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. The objective of the study was to identify and characterize the IL-6 gene in the goose.

2. A full-length coding sequence (CDS) of the goose (Anser anser) IL-6 gene was cloned that encoded a 234-amino acid peptide containing a 38-amino acid signal peptide, an IL-6/G-CSF/MGF family consensus pattern and four conserved α-helices. The mature goose IL-6 showed 74% and 39% identities to that of chicken and human, respectively.

3. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the goose IL-6 was predominantly expressed in liver and was up-regulated in adipocytes by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and oleic acid.     

高粱棕色中脉基因bmr-6的遗传分析和SSR标记定位

高粱棕色突变体的叶片中脉是棕色的,此类突变体能使家畜难以消化的木质素含量降低40%～60%,从而大幅度提高了家畜对高粱秸秆的消化率。利用高粱棕色中脉材料N592(bmr-6类型)和白色中脉(Sa)进行杂交和自交,构建F₂分离群体,F₁表现为白色中脉,F₂白棕分离比符合3∶1,说明棕色中脉基因受一对等位基因控制,表现为隐性遗传。用已知定位到连锁群上的微卫星标记对棕色中脉基因进行了连锁分析,发现1个与棕色中脉(bmr-6)基因连锁的微卫星标记,连锁距离为4.2cM,初步将该基因定位于第7连锁群。     

A genetic variant near the equine interleukin 6 gene associated with copper:zinc ratio

The aim of this study was to validate an A/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) corresponding to a LINE2 sequence located ～1.1kb downstream of the IL-6 gene (SNP BIEC2-911738) and to determine if this variant is correlated with interleukin 6 (IL-6) modulation or with different plasma concentrations of Zn, Cu, Se and Fe. The frequency of the newly described variant T ranged from 0 to 23.1% among different breeds of horses. SBIEC2-911738 was not associated with changes in IL-6 plasma levels. Increased Cu:Zn ratios were observed in horses carrying the AT genotype independently of breed when stabled for 24h after physical exercise.     

Mapping and investigation of the porcine major insulin sensitive glucose transport (SLC2A4/GLUT4) gene as a candidate gene for meat quality and carcass traits

The porcine major insulin sensitive glucose transport gene (known by SLC2A4 and GLUT4 ) was mapped, by physical and linkage methods, to chromosome 12 in the PiGMaP population. Furthermore, the role of the porcine SLC2A4 was investigated in about 1700 animals from different pig breeds and crosses from the USA and Norway. Ten traits for meat quality and carcass composition were recorded for the U.S. population, while 44 traits for meat quality traits were recorded for the Norwegian population. For the analyses of associations between SLC2A4 gene variants and quantitative traits, one restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was examined. Relatively weak and inconsistent associations were found in some of the lines investigated between SLC2A4 genotypes and the meat quality traits drip loss, colour, loin marbling and loin depth (p < 0.05). Due to the inconsistencies in the results we conclude that it is likely that the SLC2A4 polymorphism investigated is not associated with meat quality traits in the lines studied.     

草原红牛MSTN基因第一外显子SNPs多态性分析

根据牛的肌肉生长抑制素基因（myostatin,简写为MSTN）外显子1的序列设计引物,用PCR—SSCP方法对草原红牛和利木赞与草原红牛的杂交牛进行了单核苷酸多态性分析,并检测到了多态性,表现为从、BB和AB3种基因型。对两种纯合子进行测序,结果发现282位碱基发生突变,由C突变为A,导致编码的氨基酸由苯丙氨酸变为亮氨酸。经独立性检验发现基因频率和基因型频率的分布与含利木赞血液的多少有关;并通过不同性状在该位点不同基因型间的显著性检验表明,等位基因B可以显著的提高草原红牛的日增重、屠宰率、净肉率和肉骨比。     

Molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis of some equine herpesvirus type 1 (equine abortion virus) and type 4 (equine rhinopneumonitis virus) isolates

Representative strains of EHV isolated from an aborted foetus and from a horse with rhinopneumonitis in New Zealand had restriction endonuclease DNA fingerprints typical of those usually associated with these syndromes elsewhere and now designated EHV1 and 4 respectively. EHV1 was isolated from the brain and spinal cord of a 4-year-old gelding that died of myeloencephalitis. A mare on the same farm, at about the same time as the gelding developed myeloencephalitis, aborted and EHV1 was isolated from the tissues of the aborted foetus. Restriction endonuclease DNA fingerprints of the viruses isolated from myeloencephalitis and abortion were indistinguishable by Bam HI but were distinguishable using Bgl I, Pvu II, Xho I and Hind III. The restriction endonuclease DNA fingerprints of 3 EHV1 strains known to cause myeloencephalitis were compared with each other and with EHV1 strains not known to be associated with myeloencephalitis. The Bgl I Pvu II and Hind III DNA fingerprints of the 3 myeloencephalogenic strains appear distinguishable from non-myeloencephalogenic strains. Abortion was induced in a mare by intrauterine inoculation of EHV4. The Bam HI, Bgl I, Pvu II, Xho I and Hind III restriction endonuclease DNA fingerprints of the inoculum virus were indistinguishable from virus recovered from the foetus. It was concluded that passage of the virus through the foetus did not detectably alter the restriction endonuclease DNA fingerprint.