红茶对人类疾病防治功效研究进展．

综述了近五年来红茶对人类疾病防治功效研究成果,为人们合理健康消费红茶提供帮助。     

人工生态茶园生态效应研究

对人工生态茶园生态效应研究结果表明 :人工生态茶园能提高和改善茶叶的品质和产量 ;改善茶园内气候因子 ;提高和改善茶园土壤物理化学性质 ;增加了茶园内的有益生物的数量 ,促进了茶园系统的良性循环     

Marine carotenoids and oxidative stress

Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species plays an important role in the etiology of many diseases. Dietary phytochemical products, such as bioactive food components and marine carotenoids (asthaxantin, lutein, β-carotene, fucoxanthin), have shown an antioxidant effect in reducing oxidative markers stress. Scientific evidence supports the beneficial role of phytochemicals in the prevention of some chronic diseases. Many carotenoids with high antioxidant properties have shown a reduction in disease risk both in epidemiological studies and supplementation human trials. However, controlled clinical trials and dietary intervention studies using well-defined subjects population have not provided clear evidence of these substances in the prevention of diseases. The most important aspects of this special issue will cover the synthesis, biological activities, and clinical applications of marine carotenoids, with particular attention to recent evidence regarding anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.     

茶叶对神经系统作用及健康伦理视域下茶之健康功能的实现

随着茶及茶文化的发展及人们对健康概念的关注,茶的潜在健康功效及机制逐渐成为研究的热点。茶的潜在健康功效归因于茶叶中所具有的“特征性成分”——茶多酚、咖啡碱、茶氨酸及其它酚类等物质。正是在这些化学成分的作用下,茶叶对神经保护方面具有一定作用。本文对茶叶在神经系统方面的作用进行了阐述,并从健康伦理角度探讨了如何实现茶之健康功能。     

2000年茶业展望

茶是世界上消费量仅次于水的一种饮料。本文从宏观角度分析了世界茶叶生产和茶叶科学的现状,并对２０００年进行展望。全文分茶叶生产、育种、茶园管理、病虫防治、茶叶加工、茶与人体健康六个部分对此进行了讨论。     

绿茶及茶多酚抗人轮状病毒的实验

人轮状病毒是一种引起人感染病毒性腹泻的主要病毒。用绿茶及茶多酚对人轮状病毒进行了细胞培养试验，结果表明，绿茶和茶多酚稀释浓度分别在１：１００（每毫升细胞培养液含２００μｇ绿茶）和１：８（每毫升细胞培养液含６．２５μｇ茶多酚）时，表现对该病毒的完全抑制作用，使正常细胞不受病毒侵袭。这种抑制作用在一定的范围内与茶汤浓度和茶多酚的浓度成正相关。试验结果还表明，绿茶茶汤在高浓度时具有细胞毒作用。     

茶色素的提取、功效及应用研究进展

茶色素因其具有特殊的生物活性而备受人们关注,在食品及医药领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文对茶色素的组成和性质、提取工艺、保健功效及在食品、医药领域的应用进行综述,并对茶色素的应用前景作了展望,以期为茶色素的研究提供参考。     

不同新型水溶肥料对茶叶的增产效果及经济效益分析

【目的】探讨不同类型新型水溶肥料在云南茶叶生产上的应用效果,筛选出适合云南茶叶生产应用的新型水溶肥料。【方法】选用6种新型水溶肥料对供试品种云抗10号产量、品质、生化成分及经济效益进行研究,筛选出对该品种具有增产作用的新型水溶肥料。【结果】从产量性状与生化成分角度看,以喷施微量元素水溶肥料、含腐植酸水溶肥料、合氨基酸水溶肥料等效果较好,其中以微量元素水溶肥料增产效果最好,增产10．66％;从对茶叶品质影响和经济效益分析角度看,喷施含腐植酸水溶肥料的茶叶品质综合表现较好,较对照增加收入12153．55元／hm2,产投比为30．0：1。【结论】综合产量、品质和经济效益三方面的效果,建议茶叶生产上推荐使用含腐植酸水溶肥料、含氨基酸水溶肥料、微量元素水溶肥料等较好。     

茶多酚及儿茶素对前列腺癌细胞生长的抑制作用

前列腺癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。茶多酚及其儿茶素单体对前列腺癌细胞具有明显的抑制和诱导凋亡作用 ,作用效果的 IC50 顺序为 88、97、112μM(EGCG>ECG>EGC) ,EC几乎没有作用 ,但含 EC的 TPS(茶多酚 )和不含 EC的 TPS存在差异 ,它们的 IC50 为 39μg/ m l和 4 3μg/ m l,且成剂量效应和时间效应关系。同时用荧光显微镜可以看到癌细胞的凋亡小体。     

吸烟与肺癌的发生及茶多酚对其防治作用研究综述

肺癌是所有恶性肿瘤中发病率和死亡率最高的肿瘤,吸烟是公认的肺癌最主要的致病因素。茶叶是全球仅次于水的饮料,饮茶能预防及抑制肿瘤的发生。茶叶中茶多酚在预防吸烟诱发肺癌的发生和防治中有良好的效果。开发多种茶类茶多酚产品不仅顺应了抗癌药物从人工合成向天然产物的转变,而且也将促进茶叶在吸烟人群中的饮用,对广大烟民尤其是重度烟民有积极的保健和预防作用。     

脂溶性茶多酚中的主要活性组分及对人卵巢癌HO-8910细胞株的体外抑制活性

利用高速逆流色谱对脂溶性茶多酚中的主要活性组分进行分离和纯化,获得了一种新的单取代的长碳链脂溶性儿茶素表没食子儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸-4'-棕榈酸酯,并对其分子结构进行了元素分析、IR、MS和1H-NMR等表征。药理学实验考察并比较了脂溶性的表没食子儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸-4'-棕榈酸酯、水溶性的绿茶多酚和脂溶性茶多酚对人卵巢癌HO-8910细胞株的体外抑制活性。结果表明,单取代的EGCG棕榈酸酯的活性比脂溶性茶多酚强,而与绿茶多酚相当。     

低磷胁迫对柱花草生长及抗氧化系统的影响

以基因型TF291柱花草为供试材料,分析低磷处理（5 μmol/L）对柱花草生长、抗氧化物质及抗氧化保护酶的影响,探索柱花草抗氧化系统在低磷胁迫下的响应机制。结果表明：（1）与对照磷处理（250 μmol/L）相比,低磷处理抑制了柱花草生长,其叶绿素浓度、最大光化学效率、地上部和根部生物量均显著降低（P<0.05）。（2）随着低磷处理时间的增加,15 d时叶片CAT、POD、SOD、ASP、PAL活性和类黄酮含量显著提升（P<0.05）;30 d时叶片CAT、SOD、ASP、PPO活性和MDA、H₂O₂含量显著提高（P<0.05）。本研究结果可为进一步探索低磷胁迫下柱花草抗氧化系统的分子响应机制提供重要依据。     

茶树荧光性绿斑病叶细胞中的晶体研究

为探明茶树荧光性绿斑病叶细胞中大量存在的晶体性质,了解晶体形成与病害发生之间的相互关系,运用扫描电子显微镜、电子探针、X射线粉末衍射技术和化学分析多种方法,对病叶细胞中的晶体形态、化学组成以及含量与病害程度的相关性进行了研究,结果表明:病叶细胞中存在的晶体为草酸钙晶体,其分子式为CaC2O4·H2O,整个晶体并非仅由纯晶体物质所构成,在晶体内部还含有细胞中的其它物质,病叶细胞含有簇晶、棱晶、板晶和砂晶多种晶体形态;茶树叶片草酸钙晶体含量随病害程度加重而增加,两者相关性达到极显著水平。     

Impact of DHA on Metabolic Diseases from Womb to Tomb

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are important mediators in improving and maintaining human health over the total lifespan. One topic we especially focus on in this review is omega-3 LC-PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Adequate DHA levels are essential during neurodevelopment and, in addition, beneficial in cognitive processes throughout life. We review the impact of DHA on societal relevant metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). All of these are risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia in later life. DHA supplementation is associated with a reduced incidence of both stroke and atherosclerosis, lower bodyweight and decreased T2DM prevalence. These findings are discussed in the light of different stages in the human life cycle: childhood, adolescence, adulthood and in later life. From this review, it can be concluded that DHA supplementation is able to inhibit pathologies like obesity and cardiovascular disease. DHA could be a dietary protector against these metabolic diseases during a person’s entire lifespan. However, supplementation of DHA in combination with other dietary factors is also effective. The efficacy of DHA depends on its dose as well as on the duration of supplementation, sex, and age.     

壳聚糖处理对采后西番莲果实贮藏期间果皮活性氧代谢的影响

西番莲属于热带果实,采后西番莲果实容易腐烂变质,导致其保鲜期很短,限制了其商业价值。为探讨壳聚糖（卡多赞）处理对采后西番莲果实贮藏期间果皮活性氧代谢的影响,采后‘福建百香果1号’西番莲果实经卡多赞稀释200倍溶液处理5 min,以蒸馏水处理为对照,在(28±1)℃、相对湿度80%条件下贮藏。每隔3 d,测定西番莲果实果皮超氧阴离子自由基（O₂^-·）产生速率、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量、活性氧清除相关酶活性、内源抗氧化物质含量及DPPH自由基清除能力和还原力的变化。结果表明：壳聚糖处理能显著提高西番莲果实果皮超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）等活性氧清除酶活性,保持较高的还原型抗坏血酸（AsA）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）等内源抗氧化物质含量,维持较高的DPPH自由基清除能力和还原力,从而抑制采后西番莲果实果皮O₂^-·和H₂O₂等活性氧的产生,减轻果皮膜脂过氧化,稳定果皮细胞膜结构,最终保持采后西番莲果实的贮藏品质、提高其果实耐贮性。因此认为,卡多赞稀释200倍溶液处理能有效提高采后西番莲果实的活性氧清除能力,降低活性氧积累,从而延缓采后西番莲果实衰老进程,延长其果实保鲜期。     

Properties of Carotenoids in Fish Fitness: A Review

Carotenoids, one of the most common types of natural pigments, can influence the colors of living organisms. More than 750 kinds of carotenoids have been identified. Generally, carotenoids occur in organisms at low levels. However, the total amount of carotenoids in nature has been estimated to be more than 100 million tons. There are two major types of carotenoids: carotene (solely hydrocarbons that contain no oxygen) and xanthophyll (contains oxygen). Carotenoids are lipid-soluble pigments with conjugated double bonds that exhibit robust antioxidant activity. Many carotenoids, particularly astaxanthin (ASX), are known to improve the antioxidative state and immune system, resulting in providing disease resistance, growth performance, survival, and improved egg quality in farmed fish without exhibiting any cytotoxicity or side effects. ASX cooperatively and synergistically interacts with other antioxidants such as α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and glutathione located in the lipophilic hydrophobic compartments of fish tissue. Moreover, ASX can modulate gene expression accompanying alterations in signal transduction by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Hence, carotenoids could be used as chemotherapeutic supplements for farmed fish. Carotenoids are regarded as ecologically friendly functional feed additives in the aquaculture industry.     

Cytotoxic Effects of Fascaplysin against Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines

Fascaplysin, the natural product of a marine sponge, exhibits anticancer activity against a broad range of tumor cells, presumably through interaction with DNA, and/or as a highly selective cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) inhibitor. In this study, cytotoxic activity of fascaplysin against a panel of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines and putative synergism with chemotherapeutics was investigated. SCLC responds to first-line chemotherapy with platinum-based drugs/etoposide, but relapses early with topotecan remaining as the single approved therapeutic agent. Fascaplysin was found to show high cytotoxicity against SCLC cells and to induce cell cycle arrest in G1/0 at lower and S-phase at higher concentrations, respectively. The compound generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induced apoptotic cell death in the chemoresistant NCI-H417 SCLC cell line. Furthermore, fascaplysin revealed marked synergism with the topoisomerase I-directed camptothecin and 10-hydroxy-camptothecin. The Poly(ADP-ribose)-Polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitor BYK 204165 antagonized the cytotoxic activity of fascaplysin, pointing to the involvement of DNA repair in response to the anticancer activity of the drug. In conclusion, fascaplysin seems to be suitable for treatment of SCLC, based on high cytotoxic activity through multiple routes of action, affecting topoisomerase I, integrity of DNA and generation of ROS.     

Inhibitory effects of Ecklonia cava extract on high glucose-induced hepatic stellate cell activation

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a disease closely associated with obesity and diabetes. A prevalence of type 2 diabetes and a high body mass index in cryptogenic cirrhosis may imply that obesity leads to cirrhosis. Here, we examined the effects of an extract of Ecklonia cava, a brown algae, on the activation of high glucose-induced hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), key players in hepatic fibrosis. Isolated HSCs were incubated with or without a high glucose concentration. Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) was added to the culture simultaneously with the high glucose. Treatment with high glucose stimulated expression of type I collagen and α-smooth muscle actin, which are markers of activation in HSCs, in a dose-dependent manner. The activation of high glucose-treated HSCs was suppressed by the ECE. An increase in the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a decrease in intracellular glutathione levels were observed soon after treatment with high glucose, and these changes were suppressed by the simultaneous addition of ECE. High glucose levels stimulated the secretion of bioactive transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) from the cells, and the stimulation was also suppressed by treating the HSCs with ECE. These results suggest that the suppression of high glucose-induced HSC activation by ECE is mediated through the inhibition of ROS and/or GSH and the downregulation of TGF-β secretion. ECE is useful for preventing the development of diabetic liver fibrosis.     

纸片型1-MCP处理对采后安溪油柿果实活性氧代谢和细胞膜 透性的影响

研究了纸片型 1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）处理对采后安溪油柿果实活性氧代谢和细胞膜透性的影响。采后安溪 油柿果实经 1.35 μL/L 纸片型 1-MCP 处理 12 h 后,在(20±1) ℃、相对湿度 85%条件下贮藏。结果表明,与对照果实相 比,纸片型 1-MCP 处理能有效提高采后安溪油柿果实的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT） 和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）等活性氧清除酶活性,保持较高的还原型抗坏血酸（AsA）和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH） 等内源抗氧化物质的含量;降低超氧阴离子自由基（O2 ? ? ）产生速率和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量的积累;延 缓采后安溪油柿果实细胞膜透性增加。因此,1.35 μL/L 纸片型 1-MCP 处理能有效提高采后安溪油柿果实的活性氧清除 能力,降低活性氧积累和抑制膜脂过氧化作用,从而延缓采后安溪油柿果实衰老,延长果实保鲜期。     

Chemical profiling and biological screening of Thymus lotocephalus extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and hydrodistillation

Essential oil and extracts from the aerial parts of Thymus lotocephalus were obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) in two different collectors, respectively. SFE was conducted at 40 °C and a working pressure of 12 or 18 MPa. The chemical profiles were determined using GC-FID and GC-IT-MS. Oxygen-containing monoterpenes were the primary constituents in the essential oil and SFE extracts collected in the second separator, while the extracts obtained in the first separator were predominantly oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes. A large number of compounds were identified by hydrodistillation and, in contrast, the highest extraction yields were obtained using SFE. Linalool (10.43 ± 1.63%) was the main component in essential oil, whereas camphor (7.91 ± 0.84%) and cis-linalool oxide (7.25 ± 1.45%) were the major compounds in the extracts-2nd separator obtained at pressures of 12 and 18 MPa, respectively. Caryophyllene oxide was the primary constituent identified in the extracts-1st separator (4.34 ± 0.51 and 4.41 ± 1.25% obtained at 12 and 18 MPa, respectively). The antioxidant activity was assessed by ORAC and DPPH assays, and the anti-cholinesterase activity was evaluated in vitro using Ellman's method. The essential oil and SFE extracts (first separator) of T. lotocephalus possessed antioxidant activity and strongly inhibited cholinesterases. We also demonstrated that the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the essential oil could be attributed to 1,8-cineole and caryophyllene oxide, respectively.