基于机器视觉的鸡蛋体积与表面积计算方法

鸡蛋体积与表面积传统手工检测方法速度慢、效率低,不能满足实际生产的需求.利用机器视觉技术,假设理想鸡蛋图像关于纵径对称,提出像素体积和Vp与像素表面积和Sp,给出在数字图像中的计算方法;最后建立了鸡蛋体积V、表面积S与Vp、Sp之间的关系模型.试验验证表明:鸡蛋体积预测模型相关系数为0.965,实测误差±1 cm3内准确率达92%;鸡蛋表面积预测模型相关系数为0.971,实测误差±1 cm2内准确率达88%.     

鸭蛋壳厚等级模型研究

研制了基于机器视觉技术的鸭蛋品质无损检测系统中的鸭蛋壳厚分级模型。阐述了壳厚试验的装置和方法,并对试验数据进行分析,根据不同新鲜度水平得到不同模型。试验结果表明,无论是白壳蛋还是青壳蛋,其蛋壳厚度K与颜色参数H、S、I三个变量之间存在显著线性相关关系。试验所得两组模型可以作为鸭蛋品质无损检测系统的部分模型直接用于壳厚检测。     

基于统计分析猕猴桃外观指标分级方法的研究

猕猴桃果实单果重、果实大小是分级的主要指标。为了科学合理地量化分级指标,以陕西主产的秦美猕猴桃为研究对象,选取果实单果重、果实长轴、果实短轴3个指标,研究了不同指标的分级区间和关系。首先,对3个指标信息统计分析,依据秦美猕猴桃实际收购区间和优质果实区间,划分出正常果实长短轴区间、优质果实长短轴区间,并统计各区间样本比例;然后,以果实长轴、果实短轴为果实大小单一指标,果实矩形面积、椭圆面积为复合果形指标,进行了果实大小单一指标、复合果形指标与果实单果重之间的关联性研究。结果表明,秦美猕猴桃果实单果重、果实长轴、果实短轴的数据服从正态分布,划分了合理的分级区间;果实大小单一指标、复合果形指标与单果重的线性关系明显,果实单果重与果实长、短轴之间函数拟合系数为0.71和0.80,单果重与面积的函数拟合系数为0.92。以上结果为猕猴桃果实果形指标量化提供了方法和理论依据。     

鸡蛋质量与长短轴在线检测方法

开发了一套基于动态称量和图像处理的鸡蛋在线检测系统。通过应变片式传感器动态检测质量,用图像处理检测鸡蛋长短轴。对117个鸡蛋进行在线验证,建立了鸡蛋长短轴检测模型,实现了鸡蛋质量和长短轴的在线检测,并对通过不同方法所得到的鸡蛋长短轴及鸡蛋质量进行了对比。结果表明,在线系统检测鸡蛋质量误差小于±1 g,短轴误差范围-0.5~0.7 mm,长轴误差范围±0.6 mm,鸡蛋检测速率为4枚/s,满足在线检测的要求,证明在线系统具有较强的合理性及鲁棒性。     

苹果剖面CT值与其糖含量分布的关系分析

通过对红富士苹果进行CT扫描和试验,并对苹果CT图像特性进行分析,发现苹果某点的糖含量与该点相应CT值之间存在着显著的线性相关关系。因而,可通过某点的CT值得到该点的糖含量,由此找到通过CT图像来在线检测果蔬糖含量分布的新途径。在建立了苹果的糖含量与该点CT值的线性关系模型后,通过无损方法进行了验证,结果证明模型的平均误差率为4．36％。     

起动轴衬套的安装

S195柴油机起动轴上有长、短两只衬套,安装时: 1.长衬套上的油孔必须与机体上油孔对准,以确保飞溅的机油从此处进入润滑起动轴与轴套。 2.短衬套上的油孔应与齿轮室盖板的油孔对准。否则使起动轴与轴套因得不到润滑     

基于BP神经网络的鸡蛋新鲜度无损检测方法

用计算机视觉装置和Matlab软件获取鸡蛋颜色参数（H、I、S）,通过试验获得鸡蛋的新鲜度指标（哈夫值）,用其作为样本数据建立BP神经网络模型,得到鸡蛋新鲜度与其图像颜色参数之间的最优关系。系统先自动判别鸡蛋壳色再分类检测鸡蛋新鲜度,经检验,建立的BP神经网络具有较好的泛化功能和鲁棒性,对褐壳蛋和白壳蛋新鲜度的正确识别率分别为87．258％、89．029％。     

鸭蛋蛋心颜色模型的试验研究

应用机器视觉技术研究鸭蛋蛋壳、蛋心颜色与颜色信息R、G、B和H、I、S之间的关系,建立鸭蛋蛋心颜色等级模型,为实现鸭蛋品质的无损自动检测与分级提供依据。试验结果表明:鸭蛋蛋心颜色等级模型具有较高的回归精度,可以用于指导在线生产。     

树木微钻仪钻针阻力表达方法研究

树木微钻仪钻针阻力不能直接测量,但能通过直流电机的电流、电压、功率、转速等参数间接表达。为了提高钻针阻力测量精度,进一步研究了钻针阻力表达方法。阐述了树木微钻仪的工作原理,分析了钻针阻力与直流电机电流、电压、功率、转速之间的关系,提出了6种钻针阻力表达方法。使用自主研制的树木微钻仪和德国Resistograph 650-S型微钻仪对4个树种的木材密度进行测试,分别建立自主研制微钻仪每种钻针阻力表达方法各自的平均值、Resistograph 650-S型钻针阻力平均值与木材绝干密度之间的线性模型。测试结果表明：自主研制的树木微钻仪直流电机电流、电压和功率与木材绝干密度之间的线性相关系数均大于0.9,因此可使用直流电机的电流、电压或者功率来间接表达钻针阻力;转速修正后的直流电机电压与木材绝干密度的相关性最高,因此使用转速修正后的直流电机电压表达钻针阻力更为适宜;自制微钻仪转速修正后的直流电机电压与木材绝干密度之间的线性相关系数比德国Resistograph 650-S型微钻仪高0.0053,说明自制树木微钻仪的设计方案和钻针阻力表达方法合理。     

CPI与食品价格的变动关系研究

近年来,我国工业和城市化快速推进,城市居民收入和生活水平进一步提升,居民消费商品价格指数(CPI)与其食品价格的变动关系越来越紧密。文章通过构建VAR模型,采用协整检验、向量误差的修正、方差分解方法等手段,深入研究二者之间的变动关系。协整检验结果表明,CPI与食品价格之间存在长期稳定的均衡推动关系。向量误差的修正模型、方差分解的分析结果显示,CPI与食品价格之间存在相互的正向均衡推动作用。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。