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本试验旨在研究饲粮添加色氨酸(Trp)对热应激(HS)肉鸡肝脏、肠道抗氧化能力和炎症反应以及相关信号通路的调节作用。选取180只健康体质量接近的18日龄雌性AA肉鸡,随机分为3个处理组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。适应性饲养3 d后,于21日龄开始进行温度控制,试验期为21 d。适温组(TN)肉鸡饲养于正常温度(23±1)℃,饲喂基础饲粮;热应激组(HS)肉鸡饲养于高温环境(34±1)℃、8 h/d,饲喂基础饲粮;热应激+0.18%色氨酸组(HS+0.18%Trp)肉鸡饲养于高温环境(34±1)℃、8 h/d,饲喂基础饲粮+0.18%色氨酸。结果表明:1)与TN组相比,热应激显著降低肉鸡肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、回肠黏膜CAT和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.05);与HS组相比,HS+0.18%Trp组肝脏CAT活性和T-AOC、空肠黏膜SOD活性和T-AOC以及回肠黏膜SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05)。2)与TN组相比,热应激显著增加肝脏白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、IL-18和肿瘤... 相似文献
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选用成年健康公獭兔72只,随机分为6组,每组12只,空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,分别在基础日粮中添加0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0mg/kg铬量的酵母铬,作为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组日粮,在热应激条件下(獭兔饲养于人工气候仓内,气温设定为2933℃,24h循环变温,33℃维持4h)饲养60d。结果显示,热应激条件下,在獭兔基础日粮中添加一定量的酵母铬不仅能有效降低热应激对种公兔肝脏组织的损伤,还可显著提高血清中GSH-Px和SOD活性,降低MDA含量(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结果表明,夏季高温环境下,在种公兔基础日粮中添加0.633℃,24h循环变温,33℃维持4h)饲养60d。结果显示,热应激条件下,在獭兔基础日粮中添加一定量的酵母铬不仅能有效降低热应激对种公兔肝脏组织的损伤,还可显著提高血清中GSH-Px和SOD活性,降低MDA含量(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结果表明,夏季高温环境下,在种公兔基础日粮中添加0.61.0mg/kg铬量的酵母铬可通过增强机体的抗氧化功能,抑制机体内自由基和脂质过氧化物的产生,保护机体肝脏组织结构完整,维持机体正常生理功能。 相似文献
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为研究中药复方对高温下蛋鸡肝脏组织抗氧化功能的影响,选取60周龄海兰白蛋鸡350只,随机分为7组即常温对照组、热应激对照组、中药复方1组、中药复方2组、中药复方3组、紫锥菊组、电解多维组。在试验第14、28、42、56天,空腹剖杀后取蛋鸡肝脏组织,测定其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。试验结果表明,热应激状态下蛋鸡肝脏组织SOD、GSH-Px活性明显下降(P<0.05),MDA含量明显升高(P<0.05),中药和电解多维均可以提高热应激状态下蛋鸡肝脏组织抗氧化功能,且中药复方的效果优于紫锥菊和电解多维。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探讨大鼠日粮中添加甘蔗提取物(sugar cane extract,SCE)对热应激大鼠肠道组织形态和雌激素受体(ER)表达的影响。选用20只21日龄雌性Wistar Imamichi大鼠,采用2×2双因素(温度、SCE)设计,按体重将大鼠均分为4组,即NC组(常温饲喂基础日粮),NS组(常温饲喂SCE日粮),HC组(高温饲喂基础日粮),HS组(高温饲喂SCE日粮),常温为25℃恒温环境,高温为38℃温控环境暴露3 h,SCE日粮中添加2.16%SCE纯品,试验期42d。结果显示:(1)高温显著降低大鼠体重及肾脏指数,SCE对体重及器官指数无显著影响;(2)高温使十二指肠和空肠上皮细胞脱落,固有层暴露,添加SCE后十二指肠和空肠上皮细胞结构完整,排列整齐。(3)高温使大鼠十二指肠中ERβ显著减少,添加SCE后ERβ显著升高。综上,热应激可诱导大鼠肠道组织形态损伤,SCE对热应激大鼠十二指肠和空肠组织损伤具有一定的缓解作用,且SCE影响热应激大鼠发情期ERβ的表达。 相似文献
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试验为研究复方中药对断奶至2月龄肉兔生长性能、血清指标、免疫机能及肠道发育的影响。选用体重(713±50)g断奶肉兔120只,随机分2组,分别饲喂基础日粮和添加复方中药的日粮,预试期7 d,正试期23 d。结果表明:日粮中添加复方中药能显著提高平均日增重(P0.05)和平均日采食量(P0.05),并显著降低料肉比(P0.05);能显著降低血清尿素氮含量(P0.05),显著提高血清IgG含量(P0.05)和血清总抗营养化能力(P0.05);能显著降低盲肠中大肠杆菌含量(P0.05)、提高乳酸菌含量(P0.05)。结果表明,日粮中添加复方中药能在一定程度上提高肉兔的生长性能,提高机体氮沉积,增强机体免疫力和抗氧化能力,并改善肠道微生物区系,有利于动物肠道健康。 相似文献
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本试验通过观察紫锥菊及其复方对热应激蛋鸡抗氧化功能、蛋白酶及HSP70的影响,初步探讨紫锥菊及其复方抗热应激的作用机制。试验选用250只60周龄健康的海兰白蛋鸡,随机分成5个组,紫锥菊复方组、紫锥菊组、电解多维组在基础日粮中分别添加1.0%紫锥菊复方、1.0%紫锥菊、0.1%电解多维,高温组和常温组仅饲喂基础日粮。紫锥菊复方组、紫锥菊组、电解多维组和高温组的蛋鸡饲养在33℃~35℃的环境中,常温组蛋鸡环境温度为24℃~26℃。在试验14 d、28 d、42 d、56 d,采集各组鸡胃、胰腺和脾脏组织,检测胃蛋白酶及胰蛋白酶活性、抗氧化活性及HSP70含量变化。结果表明,紫锥菊复方、紫锥菊及电解多维均可恢复热应激导致的蛋鸡胃蛋白酶活性降低,同时紫锥菊复方的效果显著优于紫锥菊及电解多维(P<0.05);紫锥菊复方和紫锥菊可显著提高热应激蛋鸡的胰蛋白酶活性(P<0.05);紫锥菊复方能显著提高热应激蛋鸡脾脏中SOD、GSH-Px的活性(P<0.05);紫锥菊复方、电解多维能恢复热应激蛋鸡脾脏组织T-AOC的水平;同时,紫锥菊复方及紫锥菊能改善热应激蛋鸡脾脏中HSP70的表达... 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究热应激条件下脂肪来源对肉兔生产性能、养分消化率及血清脂质代谢和抗氧化指标的影响。试验选择30日龄的断奶新西兰兔600只,随机分成5个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,各脂肪添加组分别饲喂含2%牛油、猪油、玉米油、豆油的饲粮。试验兔均饲养在热应激兔舍(温湿指数为29.5±0.5)中。试验期7周。结果表明:与对照组相比,热应激条件下饲粮中添加不同来源的脂肪均可以显著提高肉兔的平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低料重比(P0.05),其中以玉米油的效果最佳。与对照组相比,热应激条件下饲粮中添加不同来源的脂肪均可以显著提高肉兔的干物质和粗蛋白质消化率(P0.05),显著降低粗脂肪消化率(P0.05),但对粗灰分和粗纤维消化率无显著影响(P0.05),其中玉米油组的干物质消化率最高,豆油组的粗蛋白质消化率最高。与对照组相比,热应激条件下饲粮添加牛油或猪油可以显著提高肉兔血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量(P0.05);玉米油组和豆油组肉兔血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量则与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。与对照组相比,热应激条件下饲粮添加豆油和玉米油可以显著提高肉兔血清超氧化物歧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力(P0.05),显著降低血清丙二醛含量(P0.05);牛油组和猪油组血清超氧化物歧化酶活性、总抗氧化能力和丙二醛含量则与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,热应激条件下,饲粮添加不同来源的脂肪均可提高肉兔生产性能及干物质和粗蛋白质消化率,从整体效果来看,玉米油豆油猪油牛油;饲粮添加牛油或猪油可提高肉兔血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量,对机体抗氧化能力的影响不显著;饲粮添加豆油或玉米油对肉兔血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量无显著影响,但可显著提高机体的抗氧化能力。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献