猪瘟疫苗免疫失败的原因及防制措施

猪瘟(HC)是由猪瘟病毒(HCV)引起的一种高度接触性传染病。该病给世界各国的养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失,被列为第一类传染病。从50年代开始采取了综合的防制措施,广泛使用我国研制的猪瘟兔化     

金丝桃苷对小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群及血清细胞因子的影响

观察金丝桃苷对小鼠免疫系统的作用,将Balb/c小鼠随机分成5组,空白对照组(在第1、3、5天腹腔注射生理盐水)、免疫抑制组(在第1、3、5天腹腔注射环磷酰胺)、给药组(在第1、3、5天腹腔注射环磷酰胺,第1~7天每天以150/300mg/kg金丝桃苷水溶液灌胃)和阳性对照组(在第1、3、5天腹腔注射环磷酰胺,第1~7天每天以0.2mg/kg黄芪多糖水溶液灌胃)。用ELISA法测定小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群CD_3、CD_4、CD_8以及细胞因子IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ、TNF-α的水平。结果表明,与空白对照组相比,免疫抑制组的CD_3、CD_4、CD_8水平以及血清细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α水平显著降低(P0.05),IL-4、IL-6及IL-10水平显著升高(P0.05)。给予金丝桃苷后第8天,与免疫抑制组相比,CD_3、CD_4、CD_8水平以及血清细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α水平极显著升高(P0.01),IL-4、IL-6、IL-10水平极显著降低(P0.01)。金丝桃苷能通过提高免疫抑制小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的CD_3、CD_4、CD_8水平以及细胞因子IFN-γ及TNF-α水平,降低IL-4、IL-6、IL-10水平,来拮抗环磷酰胺所致的免疫机能抑制,提高机体免疫功能。     

一起猪瘟疫苗免疫失败原因的分析报告

关于猪瘟疫苗免疫失败的报道,国内外屡见不鲜。免疫失败的原因是多方面的,有疫苗和技术方面的,也有猪体内某种营养成分缺乏等方面的。笔者于1995年曾处理过一起这类免疫失败,现根据当年的记录,将发病经过、诊断采取的措施、产生的效果以及原因分析报告如下: 一、发病经过及诊断 我旗汉古尔河镇1995年新建的年出栏千头肥猪的养猪场,于当年5月28日至5月30日先后购进三批仔猪共517头(其中十分之一左右是瘦弱猪),     

蜂毒对T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

蜂毒可能是通过调节T淋巴细胞亚群来影响人体的免疫功能，作者通过A组风湿病者lO例以蜂毒治疗为主，用蜂针或蜂毒注射剂，停用其它药物；B组健康人5例不用药，C组风湿病者5例作常规治疗。三组病人均先查T淋巴细胞亚群，在治疗组完成两个月的治疗后三组同时复查T淋巴细胞亚群，结果显示蜂毒治疗组T细胞亚群治疗前后有明显变化，而健康对照组和患病对照组前后无明显差别。初步证实蜂毒能使失调的T淋巴细胞亚群恢复正常。     

复方中药超微粉对哺乳期仔猪T淋巴细胞亚群及细胞因子的影响

将30头健康临产母猪(大白×长白)随机均分为I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组。I组为对照组;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,在预产期前3天分别在饲料中加拌0.75%和1.5%比例中药超微粉(d<30μm)。母猪产仔后将仔猪按照母猪的分组分为Ⅰa、Ⅱa、Ⅲa组,在仔猪7、14、21日龄分别从各组仔猪中抽取5头仔猪进行采血进行T淋巴细胞亚群和细胞因子检测。结果表明,两试验组仔猪CD4⁺显著提高(P<0.05)、CD4+显著提高(P<0.05)、CD4⁺/CD8+/CD8⁺有升高趋势;IL-2、INF-γ较对照组差异显著(P<0.05);1.5%剂量试验组TNF-α含量与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。     

猪瘟疫苗免疫综述

上世纪五十年代,我国研制成功了世界上最优秀的生物制品之一——猪瘟兔化弱毒苗（C株）,其对控制猪瘟流行、保证养猪业持续发展发挥了巨大作用。但是,我们现在不得不面对的事实是,猪瘟在我国依然没有得到净化,免疫失败的现象也是层出不穷。针对目前我国防控猪瘟的一项重要措施——疫苗免疫,本文就猪瘟疫苗的研究进展、免疫失败的原因、猪瘟的免疫程序展开讨论。     

猪瘟疫苗免疫综述

上世纪五十年代,我国研制成功了世界上最优秀的生物制品之一——猪瘟兔化弱毒苗(C株),其对控制猪瘟流行、保证养猪业持续发展发挥了巨大作用。但是,我们现在不得不面对的事实是,猪瘟在我国依然没有得到净化,免疫失败的现象也是层出不穷。针对目前我国防控猪瘟的一项重要措施——疫苗免疫,本文就猪瘟疫苗的研究进展、免疫失败的原因、猪瘟的免疫程序展开讨论。     

雏鸡T淋巴细胞及其亚群的变化规律

白细胞分化抗原是白细胞在分化成熟为不同谱系和分化不同阶段以及活化过程中 ,出现或消失的细胞表面标记 [1]。鸡的 T淋巴细胞表面分化抗原的研究近年来进展较快 ,证明与哺乳动物的 T淋巴细胞表面分化抗原有许多相似之处 ,尤其以 CD3,CD4,CD8为突出。 CD3分子表达于所有成熟 T细胞表面 ,可与 TCR( T细胞抗原识别受体 )分子以非共价结合形成一个 TCR- CD3复合物 ,其中 TCR是识别异种抗原和自身 MHC分子多态性决定簇的受体 ,而 CD3分子具有稳定 TCR结构和传递活化信号的作用 [2 ] ,CD3是鉴定 T细胞的重要标记。T细胞可分为辅助…     

鸡脾脏中T淋巴细胞及其亚群的发育

利用免疫组化法结合计算机图像分析技术研究鸡不同生长发育阶段T淋巴细胞及其亚群在脾脏中的发育过程。研究发现,CD3+和CD8+T淋巴细胞最早出现在18日龄鸡胚,CD4+细胞出现在20日龄鸡胚。随着日龄增长,CD3+、CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞的数量均呈上升趋势,在21日龄雏鸡脾脏中达到稳定。CD3+和CD8+细胞在动脉周围淋巴鞘和红髓中大量分布,而CD4+细胞主要分布在动脉周围淋巴鞘中。脾小体中也存在CD4+细胞,但不存在CD8+细胞。CD4+细胞数量始终少于CD8+细胞,两者的比值基本维持在0.3～0.5。结果表明,鸡出壳后初期,脾脏的细胞免疫功能迅速增强,并在21日龄时达到成熟水平。     

T lymphocyte subpopulations diverge in commercially raised chickens

To evaluate immunocompetence in commercially raised chickens, we immunophenotyped Dekalb Delta and H&N White Leghorn (WLH) hybrids, 20 chickens in each of 3 age groups (9 wk [juvenile], 25 wk [young adult], and 79 or 80 wk [adult]), for circulating CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, TCR1+, TCR2+, and TCR3+ lymphocytes. The proportion of CD3+ T cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, was increased in the hybrids as compared with published values for laboratory-raised outbred WLH chickens. The proportion of the TCR2+ (Vbeta1) T cell subpopulation was also increased. An age-related decrease in the proportion of TCR1+ (gammasigma) T cells was noted in both hybrids. Further, a remarkably low CD4:CD8 ratio was evident in all age groups of both hybrids, indicating decreased immunocompetence. Overall, these experiments provide age-related proportions of various peripheral-blood T lymphocyte subpopulations in commercially raised Dekalb Delta and H&N chickens that diverge from the proportions in laboratory-raised outbred WLH chickens and suggest reduced immunocompetence. Such a decline in immunocompetence, including humoral immune capacity, could be attributed to genetic selection for production traits, environmental factors associated with commercial operations, and intense immunization.     

鸡回肠中T淋巴细胞及其亚群发育的试验

为探寻鸡回肠中T淋巴细胞及其亚群的发育规律,本试验通过免疫组织化学方法,应用CD3、CD4和CD8单克隆抗体研究鸡回肠中T淋巴细胞及其亚群出现、迁移、定位分布及数量变化过程.结果显示,CD3+、CD8+T淋巴细胞最初于18胚龄时出现,CD4+T淋巴细胞于出壳后1日龄时出现.在定位分布上,CD3+细胞在黏膜上皮内以及固有层中均匀分布,CD4+细胞以固有层中的分布为主,黏膜上皮内的分布较少.CD8+细胞最初主要分布在黏膜固有层中;随后,CD8+细胞逐渐向上皮内迁移;最终,黏膜上皮内出现广泛的CD8+细胞浸润.在数量变化上,CD3+、CD4+及CD8+整体呈逐渐增加趋势,第2周时阳性细胞数量稍有下降,21日龄时显著增加到达较高水平后保持稳定.结果表明,鸡出壳后,回肠的细胞免疫功能逐渐增强,并在21日龄时到达成熟水平.     

玉米赤霉烯酮对小鼠原代培养T淋巴细胞细胞因子分泌的影响

为探讨玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEA)对动物免疫功能的影响及其机理,试验以分离培养的原代小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞材料,研究了ZEA对T淋巴细胞细胞因子分泌的影响。以刀豆蛋白A(Con A,5 mg/L)作为T细胞活化特异性刺激剂,试验设空白对照组(不加Con A)、Con A组(5 mg/L Con A)、不同浓度的ZEA染毒组(Con A+ZEA 10、20和40μmol/L),处理48,72 h后,使用流式液相多重蛋白定量技术检测T细胞分泌IL-2、IL-3、IL-5、IL-6和GM-CSF等细胞因子的含量。结果显示,与空白对照组相比,Con A组细胞在48,72 h时间段5种细胞因子分泌均明显上升;与Con A组比较,染毒48,72 h后,10,20,40μmol/L ZEA染毒组各细胞因子分泌浓度均有极显著下降(P<0.01),并呈剂量-效应关系。结果表明,ZEA可以抑制T淋巴细胞细胞因子IL-2、IL-3、IL-5、IL-6和GM-CSF的分泌,从而影响机体正常免疫反应的进行,降低整体的免疫功能。     

Some observations on cardiac failure in sows

Data pertaining to factors associated with cardiac failure were collected as part of a study on sow mortality in which cardiac failure was the major cause of death. A total of 116 sows from 24 herds was used and divided into two groups: group 1 comprised sows dead of cardiac failure (n = 43), and group 2, sows dead of other causes (n = 73). Individual sow records, clinical history, backfat thickness, body weight, heart weight, selenium content in liver, and urea concentration in aqueous humor were obtained for each sow. Results from the groups were compared using Student's t-test. Maximum and minimum outside daily temperatures were obtained for the study period. A stressful or demanding event for the cardiovascular system of sows was identified in 84% of the cases of cardiac failure: nearly two-thirds of the cases occurred during the peripartum period, and other stressful events included heat, fighting, mating, and transport. More than 40% of the cardiac failures occurred during the months of July and August. Sows dead of cardiac failure were heavier and fatter than sows dead of other causes. The former group also had a significantly smaller heart weight to body weight ratio; this difference was attributed to a greater body weight since the heart weights were similar in the two groups. The hepatic selenium contents and urea concentrations in aqueous humor were not significantly different between the two groups.     

Mitogen and mixed lymphocyte culture responses of isolated bovine lymphocyte subpopulations

Examinations were made of the mitogen and mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) responses of subpopulations of bovine lymphocytes isolated by density sedimentation following sequential E-rosetting with aminoethylisothiouronium bromide- and neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes (EAET, EN). These procedures consistently separated 3 populations of E-rosetting T cells from a 4th population of non-E-rosetting cells (B and null cells). The isolated B and null cell population did not respond to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, or pokeweed mitogen and responded minimally in mixed lymphocyte culture. Conversely, isolated T cells responded well to each of these stimuli. Moreover, differences in responsiveness were found among the 3 T-cell populations isolate by differential rosetting. T cells with receptors for both EAET and EN rosette formation were the most responsive to the mitogens used and demonstrated maximum activity in MLC. T cells with only EAET receptors had equivalent activity in MLC and less activity in response to mitogens. Cells with only EN receptors were the least active T-cell population in these assays. The different reactivities of these T-cell populations in lymphoproliferative assays indicated that they represent distinct subsets of bovine T cells.     

Alterations of lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy dogs with aging and in dogs with cancer

Changes in an individual's immune status are considered major contributing factors towards the morbidity of cancer and mortality of aging. To evaluate age-related changes in the immune status of dogs, the immunophenotypes (CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD21) of peripheral blood lymphocytes were measured in 160 healthy dogs aged from 1 to 17 years, and in 365 dogs with various tumors and at various stages. In healthy dogs, the absolute numbers of white blood cells, lymphocytes, and CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD21(+) lymphocytes decreased significantly with age. The relative percentages of lymphocytes and CD4(+) cells decreased significantly, while CD8(+) cells increased significantly with age. The CD4:CD8 ratio showed a significant age-related decrease. In contrast, dogs with tumors possessed significantly lower absolute numbers and relative percentages of all lymphocyte phenotypes, while the CD4:CD8 ratio was significantly higher than in age-matched controls. The relative percentages of CD3(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes were significantly lower in dogs with distant metastases compared with dogs without metastases, and the CD4:CD8 ratio increased with advanced stage. These observations illustrate the significant changes in immune status with age and the presence of marked immunological defects in a large-scale study of dogs with advanced tumors.     

CSFV免疫状态下外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化及对PRRS的免疫保护作用

建立CSFV疫苗免疫状态下猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）感染动物模型。测定CSFV抗体阻断率和PRRSV抗体S/P值,根据CSFV抗体阻断率和PRRSV感染情况分析猪外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群变化和对PRRS的保护促进作用。采用流式细胞术（FAC）检测猪外周血T淋巴细胞CD3、CD4、CD8亚群的变化。结果,CSFV...