鸡痘病毒活疫苗污染禽网状内皮组织 增生症病毒的间接免疫荧光法检测研究

通过向无外源病毒污染的鸡痘病毒活疫苗中添加不同剂量的禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒(REV),然后用间接免疫荧光法(IFA)进行检测,确定了该IFA方法的最低检出量为每500羽份疫苗中污染20 TCID_(50)的REV。使用该方法对国内16家企业生产的60批鸡痘病毒活疫苗进行了检验,结果显示2个企业生产的4批疫苗REV检测为阳性。随机选取5批IFA检测阴性样品和4批IFA检测阳性样品,按鸡检查法进行外源病毒检验,结果两种方法对REV污染的检测结果的符合率为100%。     

禽弱毒疫苗中REV低剂量污染检测方法的比较

使用污染有禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒(REV)的弱毒疫苗是REV感染途径之一,而通常弱毒疫苗中REV的污染剂量较低,难以检测,本研究对不同方法在检测弱毒疫苗中REV低剂量污染进行了比较研究。将定量好的REV以不同剂量分别人为污染一批商品化新城疫病毒(NDV)弱毒疫苗,提取核酸后分别以TaqMan探针荧光定量RT-PCR检测、常规RT-PCR检测以及PCR产物结合核酸斑点杂交检测等不同方法进行检测。结果显示常规RTPCR检测仅可检测到10TCID50/羽份的REV污染,而另外两种方法均检测到1TCID50/羽份的低剂量REV污染。将人为污染1TCID50/羽份和2TCID50/羽份REV的NDV弱毒疫苗各接种10只SPF鸡,定期针对REV抗体及其核酸进行检测,结果显示在免疫污染疫苗后7周内REV抗体全部为阴性,而核酸检测均可以检测到一定比例的阳性,提示通过接种SPF鸡检测弱毒疫苗中REV污染时,仅仅通过抗体判定可能会对一些剂量较低的REV污染造成漏检,通过结合对病原的检测有助于降低漏检率。     

核酸斑点杂交法与ELISA在SPF鸡检测弱毒疫苗中ALV污染的应用与比较

本研究对SPF鸡检查法在检测弱毒疫苗中低剂量禽白血病病毒(ALV)污染时的核酸斑点杂交法和ELISA进行了比较。分别以10 TCID_(50)/羽份和5 TCID50/羽份ALV-A人为污染一批商品化新城疫(ND)活疫苗,将污染ND疫苗各接种10只SPF鸡,以ELISA定期检测ALV抗体并利用PCR结合核酸斑点杂交法检测血液中ALV核酸。结果显示,在免疫污染疫苗后连续3周内ALV抗体全部为阴性,而核酸斑点杂交法检测表明自免疫后两周开始就出现ALV阳性。结果提示在利用经典的SPF鸡检查法检测弱毒疫苗中ALV污染时,结合对病原核酸的检测有助于节省检测时间和降低漏检率。     

鸡马立克氏病活疫苗外源性禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒的检测

采用免疫荧光技术检测鸡马立克氏病(MD)活疫苗中禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒(REV)的污染.将MD活疫苗稀释成每0.1ml含10羽份,同等量的MD阳性血清中和后接种于原代鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)上,37 C 5%CO2条件下培养4d,同样条件进行培养,连续传3代.第3代时将收获的细胞培养液接种于放入盖玻片的细胞平皿中,培养4d后,用抗REV的荧光抗体37C染色60min,然后在荧光显微镜下进行观察.结果所检测的8批MD活疫苗样品均未产生荧光,为阴性,REV对照组为阳性产生了黄绿色荧光,细胞对照为阳性未产生荧光.     

鸡传染性贫血病毒SYBR Green Ⅰ法荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及其在疫苗污染检测中的应用

为了更快速而灵敏地检测禽弱毒疫苗中可能存在的鸡传染性贫血病毒(Chicken infectious anemia virus,CIAV)污染,根据CIAV基因组保守区域VP2部分基因设计和合成了1对特异性引物,通过优化反应条件建立了快速检测CIAV的SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR方法。结果显示,建立的检测方法灵敏度可达6.36 copies/μL,是常规PCR灵敏度的1000倍。该方法与禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒(Reticuloendotheliosis virus,REV)、禽白血病病毒(Avian leukemia virus,ALV)、鸡马立克氏病病毒(Mareks disease virus,MDV)等均无交叉反应,特异性良好;批内和批间重复试验显示变异系数均小于2.5%,呈现良好的可重复性。在模拟试验中,建立的SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR能够检测到1000羽份弱毒疫苗中1个EID50的低剂量污染,应用该方法从送检的14种(批)商品化禽用弱毒疫苗中检测到2份为CIAV阳性,阳性样品按照经典的SPF鸡检查法进行检测也为CIAV阳性。因此,本研究建立的SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR检测方法灵敏度高,特异性强,重复性好,适合用于疫苗中CIAV污染的检验。     

鸡马立克氏病活疫苗外源性禽网状肉皮组织增生病病毒的检测

采用免疫荧光技术检测鸡马立克病（MD）活疫苗中禽网状肉皮组织增生病病毒（REV）的污染。将MD活疫苗稀释成每0．1ml含10羽份，同等量的MD阳性血清中和后接种于原代鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）上，37℃5％CO2条件下培养4d，同样条件进行培养，连续传3代。第3代时将收获的细胞培养液接种于放入盖玻片的细胞平皿中，培养4d，用抗REV的荧光抗体37℃染色60min，然后在荧光显微镜下进行观察。结果所检测的8批MD活疫苗样品均匀未产生荧光，为阴性，REV对照组为阳性产生了黄绿色荧光，细胞对照为阴性未产生荧光。     

家禽活疫苗中鸡传染性贫血病毒PCR检测方法的建立

为建立不依赖于病毒分离的快速,特异的禽活疫苗中鸡传染性贫血病毒(CAV)监测方法,本研究建立了CAV的PCR检测方法.试验表明:该PCR不仅具有良好的CAV特异性,且检测灵敏度达3.98个TCID50/反应.用该方法监测9份随机抽取的商品禽用活疫苗发现,其中2份活疫苗呈PCR强阳性.以上结果表明,本研究建立的鸡传染性贫血病毒PCR检测方法具有特异、敏感等特点,能用于禽用活疫苗中CAV污染的快速监测.     

猪瘟兔化弱毒间接免疫荧光鉴定方法的建立

为快速有效测定猪瘟疫苗病毒含量,建立了猪瘟兔化弱毒(HCLV)间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)方法,并与兔体定型热试验方法进行了初步比较。试验结果表明,以冷甲醇固定ST细胞,将所选猪瘟活疫苗检验用阳性血清1:40倍稀释、荧光二抗1:32倍稀释时,IFA检测HCLV感染的ST细胞清晰、特异,检测猪伪狂犬病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒感染细胞阴性。对不同猪瘟疫苗半成品的检测结果显示,IFA测定半数组织感染量(TCID50)与兔体定型热试验测定兔体感染量(RID)具有较好的相关性,其拟合曲线为RID/m L=2.783TCID50/m L+110107.213。     

禽活疫苗中网状内皮组织增生症病毒污染的检测方法比较

本研究随机抽取4种市售活疫苗,利用RT-PCR法、IFA检测法和SPF鸡检查法,检测活疫苗中的禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒的污染,比较三种检测方法的优劣以找到更好检测的方法.试验结果表明,RT-PCR法虽然方便、快捷,但RT-PCR法检测会产生假阳性,影响结果的判定;SPF鸡检查法操作简单结果可靠,但该方法试验周期较长,成...     

猪蓝耳病活疫苗中猪瘟外源病毒检测

试验采用IFA法对2批随机抽样的PRRS活疫苗(每批4瓶)、阳性对照(CSFV)、阴性对照(未被CSFV污染的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV))和特异性试验检测病毒(猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circo virus 2 type,PCV-2))接种于生长良好的PK-15细胞进行间接免疫荧光染色检测CSFV,以期建立快速、准确的间接免疫荧光法(indirect immunofluorescence assay,IFA)调查猪蓝耳病活疫苗中猪瘟病毒(classical swine fever virus,CSFV)的污染情况;在不同时间、相同试验条件下,相同批次的疫苗被重复检测了3次。试验结果表明:阳性对照接种的PK-15细胞出现特异性黄绿色荧光,阴性对照、PCV-2和待检样品接种的PK-15细胞均未出现特异性黄绿色荧光,即待检2批PRRS活疫苗未被CSFV污染;通过3次重复操作,最终的检测结果一致,说明IFA检测猪瘟病毒包涵体的特异性强、敏感性高。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.