上海市屠宰生猪丹毒丝菌、猪链球菌和副猪嗜血杆菌分离情况调查

为了解上海市屠宰场屠宰生猪丹毒丝菌、猪链球菌和副猪嗜血杆菌的分离情况,采取传统方法进行细菌分离,利用全自动微生物生化鉴定系统、全自动快速微生物质谱检测系统、普通PCR方法进行细菌鉴定。结果发现猪丹毒丝菌分离率为61%,猪链球菌分离率为7%,副猪嗜血杆菌分离率1%;猪丹毒丝菌从肺脏、扁桃体中均分离到,分离率高,猪链球菌和副猪嗜血杆菌从扁桃体中分离到,分离率低。     

镇江地区副猪嗜血杆菌分离鉴定血清型及耐药性检测

为了解镇江地区副猪嗜血杆菌血清型流行情况与耐药性情况,本试验采集患病仔猪的肺脏、肝脏、关节渗出液等病料组织85份,采用细菌分离、形态学观察、培养特征鉴定、PCR鉴定等方法对副猪嗜血杆菌进行鉴定,采用PCR法和K-B药敏纸片法分别检测副猪嗜血杆菌血清型及耐药性。结果显示,从85份病料组织中分离得到48株副猪嗜血杆菌;48株副猪嗜血杆菌具有7种血清型,其中,血清5型和12型为流行的主要优势血清型,分别占分离菌株的25.0%和31.3%; 48株副猪嗜血杆菌对磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、阿莫西林、庆大霉素等9种药物耐药率在50.0%～100.0%之间,对其他药物耐药率在12.5%～25.0%之间。说明该地区分离的副猪嗜血杆菌血清型流行情况复杂,且耐药性严重。本试验为该地区的副猪嗜血杆菌防控提供研究基础。     

平顶山市中小规模养猪场户副猪嗜血杆菌病及其混合感染的血清学调查

为了解平顶山市养猪场户副猪嗜血杆菌病流行现状及其混合感染情况。采用ELISA方法首先对8个乡镇22个养殖场户562份血清进行副猪嗜血杆菌病检测,其中384份为副猪嗜血杆菌病阳性,然后对此384份副猪嗜血杆菌病阳性血清进行H1N1亚型猪流感病毒病、猪支原体肺炎、猪圆环病毒病2型、猪链球菌病2型、猪传染性胸膜肺炎抗体检测。结果表明,猪场副猪嗜血杆菌病群体流行率为72.73%(16/22),副猪嗜血杆菌病个体流行率为68.32%(384/562),384份副猪嗜血杆菌阳性血清中,H1N1亚型猪流感、猪支原体肺炎、猪圆环病毒病2型、猪链球菌病2型和猪传染性胸膜肺炎阳性率分别为35.42%(136/384)、47.39%(182/384)、54.17%(208/384)、38.54%(148/384)和48.96%(188/384)。平顶山市养猪场户副猪嗜血杆菌病及其混合感染情况比较严重,应引起当地兽医部门的高度重视。     

仔猪副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性检测

为了了解海南藏族自治州共和县规模化猪场中仔猪副猪嗜血杆菌分离株的流行情况及对常用抗菌药的耐药情况。本试验于2022—2023年采集海南藏族自治州共和县规模化猪场中患疑似副猪嗜血杆菌病的仔猪鼻拭子、关节液、胸腔积液、肺脏等病料,共计283份。采用细菌分离鉴定、PCR方法对采集的病料进行副猪嗜血杆菌分离鉴定,采用人工感染小鼠试验验证分离株的致病性,采用纸片扩散法(Kirby-Bauer,简称K-B法)检测致病性副猪嗜血杆菌分离株对临床中常用抗菌药的耐药性。结果显示：从采集的283份病料中分离到128株副猪嗜血杆菌,通过致病试验显示,91株副猪嗜血杆菌能引起小鼠不同程度发病与死亡,为致病性菌株;分离的91株致病性副猪嗜血杆菌对磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、阿莫西林、氨苄西林等6种药物的耐药率为85.7%以上,对其他药物的耐药率为3.3%～25.3%,本研究为该地区仔猪副猪嗜血杆菌合理用药及防控提供参考。     

苏皖地区副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定与三价灭活疫苗的初步研制

近年来国内养猪场副猪嗜血杆菌病日益严峻,给相关猪场造成严重的损失。本研究主要对江苏省和安徽省部分养猪场的病死猪和健康猪进行副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定,为副猪嗜血杆菌的防治提供流行病学数据。同时,本室初步研制副猪嗜血杆菌血清4型、5型和12型三价灭活疫苗,用BALB/c小鼠对其进行免疫保护力的评价。结果从病死猪中分离到8株副猪嗜血杆菌,其中5型3株、12型2株、14型1株及不可定型2株;从健康猪中分离到26株副猪嗜血杆菌(分离率为7.12%),其中12型10株、4型4株、11型3株、5型1株、13型1株及未定型菌株7株。初步研制的副猪嗜血杆菌三价灭活疫苗的免疫保护效果要优于商品灭活疫苗,对副猪嗜血杆菌血清4型、5型及12型具有较好的免疫保护能力。     

副猪嗜血杆菌病的流行病学调查

副猪嗜血杆菌是近年来危害我国养猪业最重要的细菌传染病之一,严重影响着我国养猪业的健康发展,为了解近年来我国副猪嗜血杆菌病的流行情况,我们对山东、河南、黑龙江、江西、辽宁、广东、陕西、四川等地区送检病料进行了副猪嗜血杆菌的分离、鉴定。试验结果表明,从2006~2009年送检的194个患病猪场发病猪的关节液、肺脏、脑组织、心血、鼻腔等病料进行检测,最终分离到47株副猪嗜血杆菌,分离率为24.2%;通过采用KRG(Kieletein-Rapp-Gabriedson)琼脂扩散方法对分离菌株进行血清分型鉴定,结果血清4型13株(占27.7%)、血清5型10株(占21.3%)、血清12型8株(占17%)、血清13型7株(占14.9%),表明我国副猪嗜血杆菌主要血清型是血清4型、血清5型、血清12型和血清13型。     

安阳地区副猪嗜血杆菌分离株的耐药性与耐药基因检测

为了分析安阳地区副猪嗜血杆菌分离株耐药性及耐药基因携带情况,采集患病猪的肺脏、脾脏、肝脏、关节渗出液等病料组织157份,分离得到了102株副猪嗜血杆菌。采用KB药敏纸片法和PCR法分别检测副猪嗜血杆菌分离株的耐药性和耐药基因。结果显示,分离的102株副猪嗜血杆菌对青霉素、阿莫西林、庆大霉素等10种的耐药率在44.1%以上,其他药物的耐药率为9.8%～26.5%,耐11、10、9种药物菌株最多,分别占分离菌株的17.6%、21.6%、20.6%;分离的102株副猪嗜血杆菌耐药基因TetA、TetB、floR、ermA、lnu(C)检出率为41.2%～85.3%,其他耐药基因检出率11.8%～13.7%。说明从安阳地区分离的102株副猪嗜血杆菌耐药性严重,携带多种耐药基因。     

猪链球菌病的鉴别诊断

<正>每年6至10月高温高湿是猪链球菌病的高发病季节,在临床上主要分为4种类型:关节型链球菌病、脓肿型链球菌病、溶血性链球菌病和脑炎性链球菌病。1关节型猪链球菌病该病往往是哺乳小猪吃奶过程中,前肢磨擦、出现伤口、感染链球菌而得病,发病多见哺乳小猪和断奶后架子猪。在临床上要注意与副猪嗜血杆菌病相区别。关节型链球菌多半是前肢关节发生肿胀,体温正常、吃料正常。平时发现小猪关节有伤口,应早作消毒、收敛处理,避免链球菌感染。副猪嗜血杆菌,多会发生后肢关节肿胀,且体温升高,食欲下降,有一     

猪跛行的原因及防治

1 传染性因素 猪传染性关节炎的临床表现是关节肿胀和患肢出现踱行.引起关节肿胀的主要病原菌有猪链球菌、猪丹毒杆菌、猪葡萄球菌、猪滑液囊霉形体或猪鼻霉形体,棒状杆菌属、猪嗜血杆菌及副嗜血杆菌等.     

川北地区副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定

为了给川北地区养猪场提供副猪嗜血杆菌病的科学防控及合理的治疗用药方案,对川北地区西充、三台、绵阳等地规模化猪场保育猪发生的副猪嗜血杆菌病病原进行分离鉴定。采集副猪嗜血杆菌病疑似病死猪的肺、肝、脾、淋巴结、心包液、腹水、关节肿液等样本55例,通过细菌的分离纯化,对分离菌进行了染色镜检、V因子需要试验、致病性试验、PCR鉴定、药敏试验和同源性分析。结果表明,分离出了20株副猪嗜血杆菌,分离株革兰染色为阴性,有荚膜,分离菌株与GenBank公布的12株副猪嗜血杆菌的16S rRNA序列有高度同源性,且分离株对β-内酰胺类、四环素类、磺胺类的耐药率最高。试验结果对于川北地区养猪生产中副猪嗜血杆菌病的有效防治提供依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.