抗新城疫病毒中药组方的筛选及其抗病毒作用

首先从三七总皂苷、菊花总黄酮、黄芩苷、氧化苦参碱、板蓝根生物碱、黄芪多糖及板蓝根多糖中选取三种中药成分按照一定比例组成10个中药组方,随后将这些组方先在细胞上筛选,选出抗新城疫病毒作用较强的组方,最后应用鸡胚接种试验验证其抗病毒活性。结果表明,通过细胞筛选,组方1、5、6、7、9、10的抗病毒效果最好,通过鸡胚接种试验测定后各组方试验组的血凝价显著低于病毒对照组,说明各组方均有较好的抗病毒作用,并且不同加药方式及药物浓度均对其抗病毒能力有一定的影响。     

9种中药成分对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒体外增殖的抑制作用

运用MTT法结合细胞病变方法测定黄芩苷、穿心莲内酯、大黄素、大黄酸、芦荟大黄素、大黄素甲醚、苦参碱、氧化苦参碱和苦马豆素9种中药成分对猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)在ST细胞上增殖的抑制作用,实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)进一步检测黄芩苷对TGEV在ST细胞上增殖的抑制作用。结果显示,9种中药成分在体外对TGEV在ST细胞上的增殖均有一定的抑制作用,其中黄芩苷对TGEV的生物合成、吸附保护和直接灭活作用的抑制率分别为58.23%、88.12%和100.00%;Real-time PCR检测黄芩苷3种给药方式均能在转录水平显著降低TGEV mRNA的相对表达量,与病毒对照组相比差异极显著(P0.01)。结果表明,9种中药成分在体外对TGEV在ST细胞上的增殖均有一定的抑制作用,以黄芩苷作用最好。     

7种中药成分对新城疫病毒感染鸡胚成纤维细胞能力的影响

将氧化苦参碱、甘草酸、黄芪多糖、栀子苷、绿原酸、虎杖苷和木犀草素等7种中药成分稀释成安全浓度范围内的高、中、低3种浓度,分别与NDV以3种方式加入到培养成单层的CEF的培养体系中,用MTT法测定NDV感染细胞能力的变化.结果表明,先加中药后加病毒时,氧化苦参碱、甘草酸、黄芪多糖的高、中浓度、栀子苷高浓度显著抑制病毒感染细胞;先加病毒后加中药时,氧化苦参碱的高、中浓度、黄芪多糖的中、低浓度显著抑制病毒感染细胞;中药与病毒同时加入时,氧化苦参碱的高、中浓度,黄芪多糖的高、中、低浓度和甘草酸高浓度显著抑制病毒感染细胞.绿原酸、虎杖苷和木犀草素3种中药成分无论是哪种加药方式均无抑制NDV感染细胞的作用.     

抗羊传染性脓疱病毒中药组方的筛选

为了给临床兽医提供可靠的抗羊传染性脓疱病毒中药组方,试验从甘草苷、绿原酸、黄芩苷、咖啡酸、栀子苷、黄芪多糖及板蓝根多糖中选取三种中药成分按照一定比例组成10个中药组方,利用细胞病变(CPE)观察和MTT比色相结合的方法,在细胞上筛选出抗羊传染性脓疱病毒作用较强的组方。结果表明:通过细胞筛选,组方Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ的抗病毒效果最好,并且不同组方加入方式和组方浓度均对其抗病毒能力有一定影响。     

抗病毒中药总黄酮成分复方的体外筛选

为筛选出体外抗病毒效果较好的中药总黄酮成分复方,本试验将经初步筛选出的抗病毒效果较好的淫羊藿总黄酮、黄芩总黄酮、野菊花总黄酮、三七总黄酮4个单味成分进行组方,得到9个中药总黄酮成分复方,分别从安全浓度起倍比稀释5个浓度后,以先加药物后加病毒、先加病毒后加药物、病毒和药物同时加入3种加药方式加入到CEF单层细胞中,通过MTT法观察了9个总黄酮成分复方对NDV感染CEF单层细胞的影响.结果表明,各黄酮成分复方在3种加药方式中均表现一定的抗病毒活性,以D570值和最高病毒抑制率综合评价,淫黄、淫野黄、淫三野黄3个复方的抗病毒效果最好.     

黄芩苷、连翘酯苷对肺微血管内皮细胞分泌IFN-α、IFN-γ的影响

为了研究黄芩苷、连翘酯苷对大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞（pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells,PMVECs）分泌IFN-α、IFN-γ的影响,本试验以体外培养的PMVECs为模型,用ELISA法检测这2种中药成分在不同浓度、不同时间点诱导PMVECs分泌IFN-α和IFN-γ的量。结果表明,黄芩苷在10 μg/mL,24 h时诱导PMVECs分泌的IFN-α和IFN-γ的量均最高,连翘酯苷分别在20 μg/mL、12 h时和5 μg/mL、24 h时诱导PMVECs分泌的IFN-α和IFN-γ的量最高。这一结果为体外筛选诱导PMVECs表达干扰素的中药成分提供了参考,为进一步研究中药成分的抗病毒机理奠定了基础。     

三七不同皂苷的分析条件研究

三七总皂苷含有人参皂苷Rb1、Rb2、Rc、Rd、Re及三七皂苷R1、R2、R3、R4、R6等20多种皂苷成分,其中人参皂苷Re、Rb1、Rg1及三七皂苷R．含量最高。阎萍等对三七总皂苷的研究中,将Rb1、Rg1及R1三种单体皂苷进行了分离。通过实验发现,人参皂苷Re、Rb1、Rg1及三七皂苷R14种单体皂苷相互之间分离条件要求较高。笔者在此基础上对其分离条件进行了研究,利用薄层色谱与高效液相考察了4种皂苷的分离条件,为中药三七提取物制剂质量控制提供依据。     

8种中药成分体外抗犬细小病毒的研究

本研究旨在观察8种中药成分黄芪多糖（APS）,白术多糖（RAPS）,黄芩多糖（BSPS）,金银花多糖（FLPS）,栀子苷（CS）,苦参生物碱（SFA）,黄芪皂苷（AS）和金银花黄酮（FLF）体外对犬细小病毒（CPV）感染细胞能力的影响。分别将8种中药成分通过先加中药再接病毒、病毒和中药感作后加入和先接种病毒再加中药3种加药方式加入到培养24h的F81细胞中,于病毒接种后72h用MTT法测定F81细胞活性以评价各中药成分对F81细胞抵抗犬细小病毒感染的影响。结果,在第1种加药方式下,APS、RAPS、BSPS、FLPS抗CPV作用较强;在第2种加药方式下CS的抗病毒作用最为显著;在第3种加药方式下CS、SFA抗病毒作用最为显著。结果表明,8种中药成分均能不同程度地促进F81细胞抵抗病毒感染,部分中药成分的抗病毒作用与加药方式有关且呈一定的量效关系。     

黄芩苷抗病毒作用研究进展

黄芩中主要有效成分黄芩苷具有抗菌、抗氧化、清除氧自由基、抗炎、抗过敏、保护心脑血管等作用,且具有很好的抗病毒药理活性,能够据此研发多种预防与治疗病毒病的新型药物,但目前对其抗病毒的作用机制研究尚处于起步阶段,还需要进一步的深入研究。本文主要从黄芩苷的药理作用、中药抗病毒机理以及黄芩苷的抗病毒作用等方面综合论述了目前国内黄芩苷的研究现状。     

淫羊藿苷、黄芩苷对猪体外受精胚胎培养液中NO水平的影响

本试验通过在猪体外受精胚胎体外培养系统中分别添加中药单体成分淫羊藿苷(Ica)和黄芩苷(Bai),观察胚胎体外发育效果、测定猪IVF胚胎体外发育不同阶段培养液滴中NO的浓度水平,探讨中药单体成分对猪胚胎体外发育和胚胎发育微环境中NO的相关性。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.