浅谈惠州城市园林绿化设计中的植物配置

分析了植物配置在城市园林设计中的作用,指出当前惠州园林植物配置存在的问题,阐述园林设计植物配置的几个原则,以及惠州园林植物配置的两种形式,即规则式配置、自然式配置,为当地园林从业者提供理论参考。     

地方依恋中植物景观因素对人类情感的作用

指出了地方依恋是描述人与地方之间的积极情感,它包括地方依赖和地方认同.回顾国内外的地方依恋的研究,人们在与某个地方的长期互动过程中,发展出对该地的依恋.由于目前地方依恋影响因素中的植物景观因素研究较少,因而提出了可通过对植物景观色彩、气味、植物形态、季相变化以及植物不同的观赏部位等的讨论来阐述植物景观与地方依恋关系;在...     

Therapeutic use of plants by local communities in and around Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary: implications for protected area management in Bangladesh

Traditional systems of medicine have become a topic of global importance recently. Increased commercialization of economically important medicinal plants has resulted in overharvesting, threatening their survival. The present study was carried out to document the indigenous uses of medicinal plants by the local communities in and around Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh. Data collection was predominantly qualitative recording the species use, identifying their relative importance (RI) and assessing the informants’ consensus factor (F_ic) on associated knowledge. We interviewed 140 households of the local community and 5 local herbal practitioners. A total of 44 plant species were in use to treat 33 ailments under 10 broad disease categories. Five species were found to have high use versatility (RI > 1), Emblica officinale L. being the most versatile. Respiratory problems scored the highest F_ic value (0.56) involving the use of 30% of the species recorded. Terminalia bellerica Roxb., Sterculia villosa Roxb., Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. and Terminalia arjuna Bedd. were being harvested commercially. Use by the community, particularly for subsistence consumption, seemed to be sustainable, but commercial extraction of some species appeared unsustainable. Buffer zone-based commercial farming of medicinal plants with a commercial value could serve a dual purpose of assuring sustainable alternative income generation for local communities as well as conserving the natural resources in protected areas.     

孟加拉国曼尼普尔部落对部族药用植物的利用

通过问卷调查的方式,调查了孟加拉国曼尼普尔部落对民族药用植物的利用。发现有26个科29个属32种药用植物用于治疗37种疾病。结果表明：所调查的32种植物中,多利用其地上部分（86％）,而地下部分的利用相对较少（14％）。在植物药用制备中,叶片的使用最高（17个种）,接下来依次是树皮、果实、根／地下茎、整个植株、种子和花。在32个植物种中,用于治疗痢疾的物种有10个,治疗发烧和风湿病的物种各5个,治疗哮喘、便秘、创伤和皮肤病的各4个物种,低烧病、咳嗽、腹泻各3种。32个物种中,72％的药用植物都能治疗至少一种疾病：75％口服使用,9％外服用,16％口服和外服结合使用。本研究突出了民族植物研究的潜力和迫切需求获取药用植物在人类健康利用的健康医疗实践知识。     

岳阳市壳斗科植物资源的发掘和利用

岳阳市大力发掘壳斗科植物资源对丰富城市树种,体现乡土特色,提高生态效益河经济效益具有重要意义。       

佤族野生食用植物资源的民族植物学研究

沧源佤族自治县拥有142 820佤族人口,是云南省佤族分布最多的一个县。通过对文献资料的查阅收集和整理,以当地佤族人为向导,运用民族植物学研究方法对沧源野生食用植物资源进行调查。结果表明,沧源佤族民间传统食用野生植物有105种,隶属52科78属。根据民间的食用用途,当地民间野生食用植物可分为野生蔬菜、野果、调味品3种主要类型。其中可作为野生蔬菜食用的有69种,野果有34种,用于调料的植物有8种,野生食用植物以幼嫩枝叶（60.95%）和果类（39.05%）为主。佤族野生食用植物的传统知识,在食物新资源的开发利用方面具有重要的参考价值。     

福建乡土野生绿化树种种质资源调查研究

通过对福建省各主要山脉乡土野生绿化树种种源分布状况调查,首次确定福建省观赏价值较高的乡土野生绿化树种有47科62属105种。并根据树种观赏价值划分为:观花植物、观果植物、垂直绿化植物、丛植观花植物、观叶植物、观形植物、盆景绿篱七大类。为充分开发利用当地资源和保护野生绿化树种种质提供科学理论依据。     

我国岩石边坡植被修复技术现状和展望

就当前我国岩石边坡植被修复的护坡类型、锚固方法、基质配制、植物选择等内容进行介绍和分析的基础上,认为:1.基质配制和植物选择是关键技术;2.充分利用当地资源和废弃物配制基质并实现产业化是可行的;3.开发乡土灌木和草本创造自然演替群落是护坡植物选择中的创新内容;4.尽快研究制定规范化技术;5.加强基础研究为技术创新奠定坚实的理论基础.     

南京栖霞山野生药用维管植物资源开发利用及保护策略

通过普查柄霞山药用植物资源,评估了栖霞山现有药用植物资源的开发利用价值,讨论了栖霞山在对药用植物保护和开发过程中存在的问题,并根据南京药用植物的特点提出对栖霞山药用植物资源保护及开发利用的建议和措施.     

Dry coniferous forest restoration and understory plant diversity: The importance of community heterogeneity and the scale of observation

Maintaining understory plant species diversity is an important management goal as forest restoration and fuel reduction treatments are applied extensively to dry coniferous forests of western North America. However, understory diversity is a function of both local species richness (number of species in a sample unit) and community heterogeneity (beta diversity) at multiple spatial scales, while studies of restoration treatment effects often only examine local species richness at one or two spatial scales. We studied experimental thinning and prescribed fire treatment effects on understory plant species richness and community heterogeneity at three spatial scales using additive diversity partitioning. We also evaluated treatment effects on understory plant species colonization and extirpation at two spatial scales. There was no evidence that active restoration treatments reduced species richness or increased local extirpation of species. Restoration treatments significantly increased herbaceous species richness at the treatment-unit level primarily by increasing community heterogeneity among sampling points within the units. The combination of thinning and burning produced the greatest increase in community heterogeneity, and increased colonization by species that were not sampled prior to treatment. These results suggest that restoration treatments designed primarily to reduce fire hazard and promote sustainable conditions in these fire-adapted ecosystems can also increase community heterogeneity and facilitate colonization by new understory species without significant local extirpation of extant species.     

试论我国北方地区人工植被的土壤干化问题

我国北方地区以人工林为代表的人工植被建设中正面对一个严峻问题－土壤干化。土壤干化是北方少雨地区人工植被土壤退化的主要表现形式，其显著特征是因植物蒸腾过量耗水造成的植物根系作用范围内土壤水分长时间持续地严重亏缺，天然降水已不能有效予以补偿，土壤表层板结．土壤紧实度增大，从而导致植物生长明显衰退以至大面积干枯死亡。土壤干化已成为这一地区人工植被建设的严重隐患。造成人工植被土壤干化的直接原因是植被类型选择不当，群落密度过大和群落生产力过高。人工植被土壤干化的防治对策是，在正确的植被建设思想指导下，依据当地的生物气候生产力因地制宜地选择植被类型，大幅度降低群落密度，合理调控群落生产力，以保持植物蒸腾耗水与土壤水分补偿之间的水分平衡，从而维持群落的持续稳产与高产。     

地带性植物在营建地域特色景观中的应用

在自然界中,植物与气候、地貌、土壤等环境要素共同形成一个自然综合体,因而地带内的植物可反映当地的综合环境特征,乃至风土人情。通过对地带性植物的概念和理论发展进行梳理,针对地带性植物资源分布调查的结果探讨城市园林绿地的营建方法,总结时下的关注热点及地带性植物在城市园林绿化中的应用特性和潜在价值。总结表明,以植物群落为主体的地域特色景观营建的理论和实践处于上升阶段。应以营建专类地带性植物景观为起点,模拟自然群落,建立人工生态系统,结合生态和气候、土壤等的地带性特征,展现人文历史风情。     

Trillium grandiflorum height is an indicator of white-tailed deer density at local and regional scales

High densities of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the U.S.A. and Canada are reducing or preventing forest regeneration, and as a result, deer function as a keystone species in some sites. Management decisions about deer require reliable population density data, which are challenging to obtain at both regional and local scales. We tested the broad-scale applicability of the indicator species approach in which forage plant height was used to estimate deer density. The maximum heights of marked and unmarked plants of the widely distributed, spring-flowering polycarpic herb, white trillium (Trillium grandiflorum) were measured across southern Ontario, Canada, over a 15-year period. A significant negative relationship was found at 10 sites between maximum plant height and estimates of deer population densities, which were derived from counts of live or culled animals and varied from 7 to 40 deers km⁻². Maximum plant height could be reliably measured within a 4-week period. The underlying mechanism driving the negative relationship between plant height and deer density was attributed to deer preferentially selecting taller plants that grew less than ungrazed plants in the subsequent year. In 16 additional sites with locally high deer populations, the mean maximum height of T. grandiflorum appeared to be a more reliable indicator of deer density than estimates based on hunter returns across the broader regional scale of the Wildlife Management Unit. The ability to assess local scale white-tailed deer densities based on measuring heights of an easily identifiable, widespread plant, provides local residents and landowners with a tool for estimating the potential impacts of deer browsing and grazing in local woodlots and forests, improving local knowledge about herbivory pressure.     

大华锦绣华城2期植物景观设计

在突出全区“法式风情园林”主题的基础上,根据植物的生态习性及其观赏特点,运用各种造园手法对每个空间进行合理布置,对大华锦绣华城2期进行植物景观设计,打造具有浓郁地方色彩,独具一格的法式园林景观.     

不同施肥处理对黄瓜土壤速效养分变化的影响研究

对黄瓜菜地进行了不同施肥处理,通过测定土壤养分,研究了化肥减量及增施有机肥对土壤养分的影响。结果表明:按当地化肥施用量的处理在成熟期土壤速效磷、铵态氮、速效钾含量均比其他处理高,但养分利用率较低;化肥施用量减少20%的处理次之;化肥施用量减少40%+20%有机肥的处理养分全量较高,并且速效养分不高,其养分流失量少,肥料利用率高;而化肥用量减60%+40%有机肥的处理养分全量及速效养分含量都较低,其肥料利用率比化肥施用量减少40%+20%有机肥的处理差。化肥施用量减少40%+20%有机肥能很好地提高土壤各种养分含量,且供肥平稳,能满足黄瓜生长需要,为最合理施肥处理。     

轿子山自然保护区杜鹃属植物资源的生态旅游开发

轿子山自然保护区有腋花杜鹃、红棕杜鹃、乳黄杜鹃、马缨花等杜鹃植物28种．基于保护区杜鹃植物资源的种类、分布等特点及当地具有的浓郁民族风情,对杜鹃植物资源生态旅游开发的重要性,开发途径、措施等进行了论述．     

河北省塞罕坝森林公园野果植物资源

塞罕坝森林公园是中国北方最大的森林公园，其植物资源丰富。针对可食用、观赏的野果植物的生物学特性、当地的生长习性以及利用价值作了介绍。     

野生观赏植物资源在旅游产业中的应用--以河南太行山区为例

和常见城市园林植物相比,太行山旅游景区野生观赏植物形态独特、花繁色艳、养护成本低廉、观赏季节性明显。野生观赏植物应用原则为因地制宜、充分发挥资源优势。野生观赏植物应用方式为观赏利用与科普教育及植物文化建设相结合。     

Plant species richness and diversity in urban and peri-urban gardens of Niamey,Niger

Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) significantly contributes to food and nutritional security of urban dwellers in many African countries. Economic and demographic pressures often lead to transformation of subsistence-oriented traditional homegardens into commercial production units. Such transformation is claimed to result in decreasing plant diversity, particularly of local species. A study was therefore undertaken in 51 gardens of Niamey, Niger, to assess the factors determining plant diversity and the suitability of UPA for in situ conservation of plant genetic resources. In each garden, the number and abundance of all human-used plant species were determined, and species density, Shannon index and Shannon evenness were calculated. In the 51 surveyed gardens, a total of 116 plant species were cultivated, most of them for the production of fruits or vegetables. Annual vegetables dominated, particularly exotic species grown for sale. In the cold season, an average of 14 species were cultivated per garden, the Shannon index was 0.96 and evenness was 0.39. Commercial gardens had a species richness similar to that of subsistence gardens, but a lower evenness (P < 0.005), caused by the dominance of a few vegetable species. Gardens of immigrants had a lower Shannon index than those of members of the local Djerma ethnic group. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed significant influence of various variables on plant species richness and diversity parameters: garden size (richness and Shannon index), ethnicity of the gardener (richness and evenness), gender of the gardener and cash-oriented production (evenness), household size (richness) and garden possession status (Shannon index). Cluster analysis revealed the existence of five garden types. The highest species richness and diversity, particularly of perennial and local species, was found in large, peri-urban, commercial gardens managed by relatively wealthy, elderly gardeners with large families and a regular non-agricultural income.     

广东茂名森林公园植物配置及效果分析

文章结合广东茂名森林公园科普基地建设,介绍了森林公园建设中的植物品种选择原则和不同功能区的规划设计形式,并从生态、经济、社会等三大效益评价了茂名森林公园的规划建设效果。