巨菌草发酵饲料对绵羊瘤胃发酵和养分表观消化率的影响

为研究不同比例巨菌草发酵饲料对绵羊瘤胃发酵和养分消化率的影响,选择24只3～4月龄绵公羊[平均体重（31.55±2.00）kg]为试验动物,随机分为4个处理组：对照组A,饲喂基础饲粮;试验组B、C、D分别在基础饲粮中添加10%、20%和30%复合益生菌（植物乳杆菌、乳双歧杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌的比例为1:1:1,含菌量各为108CFU/kg）发酵的巨菌草饲料,每组6只。预试期7 d,正试期90 d。结果表明：D组瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、戊酸含量以及中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）表观消化率均显著高于A组,分别提高了4.37%、4.70%、17.30%、4.54%和5.23%;D组干物质（DM）和粗蛋白质（CP）表观消化率均显著高于A组和B组,分别提高了4.15%、3.27%和3.35%、2.91%; D组瘤胃pH和氨氮含量均显著低于A组,分别降低了3.45%和11.14%;且D组和C组瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸含量分别显著高于B组和A组,分别提高了3.05%、4.37%和1.93%、3.23%(P <0.05)。可见,在基础日粮中添加复合益生菌发酵的巨菌草饲料,可改善绵羊瘤胃...     

日粮中添加茉莉花渣对山羊营养物质表观消化率、瘤胃发酵及瘤胃菌群的影响

试验旨在探究日粮中添加茉莉花渣对山羊营养物质表观消化率、瘤胃发酵及瘤胃菌群的影响。选择健康无病、体重相近、4月龄的去势努比亚公羊24只,随机分为2组,每组12个重复,每个重复1只羊,对照组羊饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加100 g/kg茉莉花渣,制成全价颗粒饲料。预试期7 d,正式试验期45 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组山羊的粗蛋白表观消化率极显著降低（P<0.01）,酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率极显著提高（P<0.01）。微生物测序结果表明,对照组和试验组在门水平上的优势菌门均为厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门;试验组解琥珀酸菌属、普雷沃氏菌属＿UCG＿001和克里斯藤森菌科＿R＿7群相对丰度显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,而未分类的拟杆菌科相对丰度显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究表明,日粮中添加茉莉花渣提高了纤维降解菌的相对丰度,改善了山羊对纤维物质的消化。     

几种中草药对绵羊瘤胃发酵、抗氧化功能和营养物质消化率的影响

本研究包括2个试验。试验一,采用单因素随机区组试验设计研究了黄芪、党参、女贞子对绵羊屠宰体增重和抗氧化功能的影响。试验共4个处理,含3种中草药和1个对照组。每个处理4个重复,每个重复1只羊。中草药添加量为6 g/d。结果表明,女贞子组提高了绵羊屠宰体增重(P<0.05),改善了绵羊血液抗氧化功能,提高了谷胱甘肽还原酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性,降低了血浆丙二醛含量(P<0.05)。其他组对绵羊屠宰体增重和血液抗氧化功能影响不显著(P>0.05)。试验二,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计研究了女贞子提取物对绵羊瘤胃发酵和血液生化指标的影响。试验分4个处理,女贞子提取物的添加量分别为0、100、300 mg/kg和500 mg/kg。结果表明:添加量为300mg/kg和500 mg/kg组在晨饲后2、4、6、8 h显著提高了绵羊瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和丙酸的浓度,降低了瘤胃液氨态氮的浓度和血浆尿素氮的浓度。300 mg/kg和500 mg/kg组显著提高了日粮有机物质和干物质表观消化率(P<0.05)。     

断奶期内不同饲粮对羔羊生长、营养物质表观消化率和瘤胃发酵参数的影响

本试验旨在研究断奶期内不同饲粮对羔羊生长、营养物质表观消化率和瘤胃发酵参数的影响。选取48只健康、体重相近的45日龄湖羊羔羊（公母各占1/2）,所有羔羊在45～59日龄随母哺乳,并补饲羔羊精料补充料,在52日龄时,将公母羔羊分别按体重（15.58±2.45） kg随机分为3组,然后公母进行随机配对,每组共16个重复,公羔8只,母羔8只。在60～75日龄,试验1组随母哺乳+补饲羔羊精料补充料,试验2组在60日龄断奶,并饲喂全混合日粮（TMR）,试验3组在60日龄断奶,并饲喂50%TMR+50%羔羊精料补充料。羔羊59日龄记为试验第0天。试验期23 d。所有羔羊在试验第-7(52日龄)、0、7、15天于晨饲前称重,并记录每天采食量;在试验第0、3、9和15天于晨饲前采集瘤胃液,测定瘤胃发酵参数。羔羊在试验第-7、3、9、15天进行消化代谢试验,测定营养物质表观消化率。结果表明：1）在试验第0～7天,试验1组羔羊平均日增重（ADG）比试验2组显著提高了87.93%(P<0.05);试验3组羔羊干物质采食量（DMI）比试验1组显著提高了17.03%(P<0.05);试验1、3组粗蛋...     

发酵茶渣对肉羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数和营养物质表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵茶渣对肉羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数和营养物质表观消化率的影响,以确定发酵茶渣替代肉羊精料补充料的适宜比例.试验选取64只3月龄、体重(20.0±2.5)kg的健康湖羊,随机分为4组,每组16只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组在基础饲粮的基础上分别用发酵茶渣等比例替代5％、10％、20％的精料补充料...     

盐角草提取物对绵羊瘤胃发酵参数及营养物质表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在探讨盐角草提取物对绵羊瘤胃发酵参数及营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验选取3.5月龄左右、体况良好的阿勒泰羊（公羊）60只,随机分为4组（每组5个重复,每个重复3只羊）,分别饲喂基础饲粮（不添加盐角草提取物,对照组）,基础饲粮+0.2%盐角草提取物（0.2%组）、基础饲粮+0.4%盐角草提取物（0.4%组）、基础饲粮+0.6%盐角草提取物（0.6%组）,基础饲粮精粗比为65∶35。预试期11 d,正试期45 d。结果表明：1）与对照组相比,0.6%组瘤胃液丁酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）,瘤胃液乙酸、丙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）含量极显著降低（P<0.01）。2）与对照组相比,0.6%组干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）、总能（GE）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）及酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）表观消化率极显著升高（P<0.01）,粗蛋白质（CP）表观消化率显著升高（P<0.05）。由此可见,在本试验条件下,饲粮中添加盐角草提取物能够降低绵羊瘤胃液TVFA含量,有助于改善DM、OM、CP、GE、NDF及ADF表观消化率,以饲粮中添加0.6%的盐角草提取物效果较好。     

不同peNDF与NFC/NDF组合日粮对绵羊采食行为、瘤胃发酵和营养物质表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究混合日粮中不同物理有效中性洗涤纤维(peNDF)水平、非纤维性碳水化合物与中性洗涤纤维比值(NFC/NDF)对绵羊采食行为、瘤胃发酵和营养物质消化的影响,并初步探讨二者的互作效应.试验采用2×2交叉试验设计(日粮NFC/NDF水平为0.63、0.80,peNDF水平为49.85％、53.64％),选取20...     

饲粮相同亚油酸水平下不同植物油对绵羊瘤胃发酵和微生物酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中相同亚油酸水平下,不同植物油对绵羊瘤胃发酵和微生物酶活性的影响.选取4只雄性、健康、体重(40±1)kg、安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的绵羊(东北半细毛羊×陶赛特羊).采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,整个试验分4期,每期16 d.按采食的饲粮中添加的不同植物油将试羊分为对照组(无添加)和3个试验组[PO组(4.0...     

The effect of reduced drinking water supply on feed absorption, apparent digestibility of crude nutrients and rumen fermentation of sheep

Based on the fact that the insufficient supply of agricultural domestic animals with drinking water in tropical and subtropical regions is often the factor limiting their performance, the effect of different drinking water supply of sheep (ad libitum, 54% of ad libitum and 27% of ad libitum) on various parameters was studied. A water supply reduced to 54 and 27% resp. diminished dry matter intake to 84% and 45% resp. A water supply reduced to 54% improved the digestibility of organic matter, crude fibre, crude cellulose and N-free extractives, it was, however, not significant. A reduction to 27% of the ad libitum water supply improved the digestibility of all crude nutrients, significantly, however, only that of organic matter, crude fibre, crude cellulose and N-free extractives. In comparison with a supply of water reduced to 54%, a water supply reduced to 27% also resulted in an improvement of the digestibility of all crude nutrients. Both the reduction of the ad libitum water supply and the increasing time interval for the sampling of rumen fluid resulted in an increased concentration of volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid, which was sampled 15 min, 1 hour and 2 hours after feeding.     

Effects of over-load iron on nutrient digestibility,haemato-biochemistry,rumen fermentation and bacterial communities in sheep

There is a risk of iron overload in grazing livestock. However, the effects on nutrient absorption and rumen function induced by excessive iron have not been well understood. Therefore, the purpose of present study was to investigate the impact of over-load iron on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood biochemistry, rumen fermentation and bacterial communities in sheep. Twenty-four German Mutton Merino cross-bred sheep with weight (42.66 ± 2.34 kg BW) were randomly divided into 4 groups, each with 6 replicates and 1 sheep per replicate. The basal diet consisted of 60% Leymus chinensis hay and 40% concentrate. The sheep in 4 groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 50 (Control), 500 (T1), 1,000 (T2) and 1,500 (T3) mg Fe/kg as ferrous sulphate monohydrate (FeSO₄·H₂O) respectively. And the actual contents of iron in the diet were determined to be 457.68 (control), 816.42 (T1), 1,256.78 (T2) and 1,725.63 (T3) mg/kg respectively. The experiment lasted 62 days including a 7-day metabolism trial. During the whole experiment, the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre showed a quadratic increase with increasing over-load iron levels (p < .05), and maximum responses were found with 500 mg/kg supplementation. However, the response of total VFA concentration showed a quadratic decrease, as did the concentrations of propionate, butyrate and valerate (p < .05). Serum total iron-binding capacity on day 30 showed a quadratic decrease with the increase in high-dose iron, while the serum iron content increased linearly at day 60 (p < .05). Excessive iron resulted in the change in bacterial communities. An increase in over-load iron linearly decreased the abundance of bacteria in the phylum Bacteroidetes (p < .05), but linearly increased the Firmicutes (p = .037) and Proteobacteria (p = .018). In addition, there was a quadratic effect (p = .003) on the Fibrobacteres, which was higher in the 500 and 1,000 mg/kg Fe-supplemented groups. At the genus level, there were quadratic effects on the abundances of Selenomonas_1 (p = .023) and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 (p = .016). Furthermore, feeding of iron linearly increased the relative abundances of Succiniclasticum and Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-002 (p < .05). These results indicate that increasing ferrous sulphate monohydrate in diets had no negative impact on the growth performance, but it changed nutrient digestibility, blood iron parameters, rumen fermentation and bacterial communities in sheep.     

日粮中添加不同水平紫苏籽对湖羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵及养分表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平紫苏籽(Perilla frutescens seed,PFS)对湖羊生长性能、血清生化指标、养分表观消化率及瘤胃发酵的影响。选取2月龄、平均初始体重为(23.02±1.36) kg的湖羊公羔60只,依据日粮中PFS含量随机分成为:对照组(Control)、5%紫苏籽组(5%PFS)、10%紫苏籽组(10%PFS)和15%紫苏籽组(15%PFS)。预试期14 d,正试期70 d。饲喂试验结束前21 d,从各组随机挑选4只羊进行7 d的消化代谢试验。试验结束后称重,计算平均日增重(ADG),并采集瘤胃液和血液分别用气相色谱法、比色法、全自动生化分析仪和酶联免疫分析法测定瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、氨态氮(NH₃-N)、血清中总蛋白(TP)、尿素氮(UN)、葡萄糖(Glu)和血清中生长激素(GH)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)等。结果表明,日粮中PFS水平对湖羊生长性能(干物质采食量、平均日增重和料重比)、血清生化指标(TP、UN、Glu、GH和IGF-1)、瘤胃pH和瘤胃液乙酸、丙酸及总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)等含量的影响不显著(P>0.05),但随着PFS添加水平的升高,乙酸、丁酸和TVFA的含量呈降低趋势,丙酸呈上升趋势;与对照组相比,15% PFS组中NH₃-N和乙酸/丙酸极显著降低(P<0.01);添加PFS不影响日粮中粗脂肪(EE)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率(P>0.05),但干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的表观消化率随着PFS添加水平升高而下降,且15% PFS 组的DM和OM的表观消化率均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);与对照组相比,10% PFS组的粗蛋白(CP)表观消化率极显著提高(P<0.01),而15% PFS组的极显著降低(P<0.01)。综上所述,湖羊日粮中添加PFS水平为10%时,饲喂效果较好。     

氨基酸模式对体外培养瘤胃微生物及发酵的影响

本研究以4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的徐淮山羊为试验对象,利用体外培养法研究了不同氨基酸模式(A 组:微生物蛋白必需氨基酸模式,B组:90%微生物蛋白必需氨基酸模式+10%山羊肌肉必需氨基酸模式,C组:80%微生物蛋白必需氨基酸模式+20%山羊肌肉必需氨基酸模式.D组:70%微生物蛋白必需氨基酸模式+30%山羊肌肉必需氨基酸模式)对瘤胃微生物生长及其发酵特征的影响.结果表明:氨基酸模式影响瘤胃微生物发酵.培养液pH值、氨氮(NH3-N)浓度以及尿素(氧)(UN)各组间存在显著差异(P＜0.05).并且随培养时间的动态变化模式也是不一致的;培养液中总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)以C组最高,从乙酸/丙酸值来看,乙丙比接近3:1,乙酸和丙酸处于相对平衡的状态,各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).原虫/细茵(P/B)值以及游离氨基酸(AA-N)各组之间差异显著(P＜0.05).氨基酸模式对瘤胃微生物的生长有一定影响,B组的氨基酸模式对微生物生长促进作用最大.综合以上试验结果可以认为氨基酸组成的不同可以影响瘤胃微生物生长以及发酵.     

TMR对延边半细毛羊瘤胃发酵和消化率的影响

试验旨在研究全价混合饲料(TMR)对延边半细毛羊的瘤胃发酵特性及其消化率的影响。结果表明:对安装有瘤胃瘘管的延边半细毛羊分别饲喂粗精分离饲料和TMR后,其pH值变化在各试验组间无显著差异;NH3-N浓度变化在饲喂9h后粗精分离组显著低于TMR组(P<0.01)。瘤胃内protozoa种群变化是TMR组显著高于粗精分离组(P<0.01);饲料的营养消化率在各试验组间无显著差异。     

硒对热应激条件下放牧绵羊瘤胃发酵及瘤胃微生物区系的影响

为探讨热应激条件下补硒对放牧绵羊瘤胃发酵以及瘤胃微生物区系的影响,试验选择体重相近、健康的7～8月龄杜寒杂交羊10只,采用单因素完全随机试验设计,随机分成2组,每组5只.对照组不添加硒,试验组硒添加水平为0.2 mg/d(硒源为酵母硒).在夏季温度最高的初伏到中伏期间,以自然放牧方式饲养20 d后,颈静脉采集血液测定血...     

酵母培养物对肉牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及瘤胃发酵参数的影响

试验研究日粮中添加酵母培养物对西门塔尔杂交牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、瘤胃发酵参数及抗氧化功能的影响.选取体重相近、健康的西门塔尔杂交肉牛80头,随机分为5组,每组8个重复,每个重复2头肉牛.对照组肉牛饲喂基础日粮,试验组(A、B、C、D)依次在基础日粮中添加50、100、150、200 g/(头·d)的酵母培养物...     

添加亚油酸条件下不同剂量硝酸钠对水牛瘤胃体外发酵脂肪酸组成及相关微生物数量的影响

为了探究添加亚油酸条件下不同剂量硝酸钠对水牛瘤胃体外发酵脂肪酸组成及相关微生物数量的影响,本试验选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的母水牛,以精粗比40:60为底物进行瘤胃液体外发酵试验.试验组硝酸钠的浓度分别为1、2、3 mg·mL-1,对照组不加硝酸钠,每组均添加0.25 mg·mL-1的亚油酸,每组各5个重复.在体外培养...     

The effect of lasalocid on apparent digestibility, characteristics of rumen fermentation and fattening and slaughter output of bulls

Four digestion experiments with 5 wethers each (Feeding: artificially dried grass; 0, 15, 30 or 60 mg lasalocid per animal and day), two short time experiments (Exp. 1: 3 rumen fistulated sheep; feeding; artificially dried grass; 0, 15, 30 or 60 mg lasalocid per animal and day; exp. 2: 20 bulls; feeding; 2 kg concentrates per animal and day; wheat straw ad libitum; 0, 150 or 300 mg lasalocid per animal and day) and one individual feeding experiment (24 bulls per group; duration: 279 days, feeding: 2 kg concentrates per animal and day, corn silage and whole barley-grass silage ad libitum; 0 or 100/200 mg lasalocid per animal and day) were carried out in order to investigate the influence of the ionophore lasalocid on digestibility, figures of rumen fermentation as well as fattening and slaughtering results of bulls. Higher doses of lasalocid (30 and 60 mg per animal and day) decreased significantly digestibility of organic matter (1.8 and 2.8 units) and crude fibre (5.8 and 7.2 units). Relative acetate (22 to 120 mmoles per mol) and butyrate concentration (23 to 58 mmoles per mol) were decreased and molar propionate concentration of rumen liquid (25 to 154 mmoles per mol) was increased depending on level of lasalocid supplementation. Lasalocid did not significantly influence the dry matter intake; daily weight gain and slaughtering results were increased (4.4 and 6.1%), energy efficiency was improved (3.8%). Effects of lasalocid are similar to that of monensin. A dose of 20 to 30 mg lasalocid per kg dry matter is recommended.