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本文总结了绿竹笋丰产培育的关键技术:调整竹林结构、挖除地下老竹蔸、加强肥水管理、适时扒晒培土、科学采笋育笋及防治竹林病虫。 相似文献
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施肥后毛竹鞭笋产量提高的原因分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《林业科技》2017,(1)
通过对毛竹林实施施肥与不施肥的试验,分析施肥对提高鞭笋产量的影响。试验结果表明,施肥与不施肥的主要差别:1鞭笋单支重量变化很小,仅增加0.76%;鞭笋支数增加27.93%,t=18.965 6t0.012.821 4,达到极显著差异。2毛竹林竹鞭在土层中鞭段数所占的比例:0H≤10 cm和11 cmH≤20 cm分别增加153.11%和11.09%;21 cmH≤30 cm减少19.95%;31 cmH≤40 cm和H40 cm分别增加4.54%和7.56%。施肥提高鞭笋产量的主要原因是施肥可为主鞭提供充足的养分,确保支鞭萌发正常生长;但施肥后导致分布在土层中的竹林幼鞭上浮,鞭笋被采挖。因此,建议对施肥的林地,采取边挖鞭笋边埋鞭措施,以保证毛竹林的正常生长。 相似文献
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施肥对毛竹鞭笋产量和地下竹鞭生长的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过4 a对毛竹林(Phyllostachys pubescens)实施施肥与不施肥的试验,分析施肥对地下竹鞭生长和鞭笋产量的影响。结果表明:施肥鞭笋产量增加28.9%,鞭笋支数增加27.9%,达到极显著差异;施肥鞭笋单支重量变化很小,仅增加0.7%;施肥地下竹鞭的总长度、竹鞭粗度、竹鞭节间长度均略有增长;施肥毛竹林竹鞭分布在土层中鞭段数所占的比例:0H≤10 cm和11 cmH≤20 cm分别增加153.11%和11.09%,21 cmH≤30 cm减少19.95%,31 cmH≤40 cm和H40 cm分别增加4.54%和7.56%。可见,施肥对鞭笋产量的提高效果显著,对竹鞭的生长影响不大。但是,连续施肥会导致分布在土层中的竹林幼鞭向上靠地表生长,对竹林经济产量不利,影响笋的孕育和萌发。因此,建议对连续施肥的林地,应及时采取埋鞭措施,确保毛竹林的正常生长。 相似文献
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绿竹混农模式的初步研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
研究表明,三种绿竹-农作物混农模式对绿竹林内湿、温度有显著影响,对绿竹的出笋个数有明显的促进作用;并显著地提高了绿竹的高生长。同时绿竹混农模式增加了经济效益,充分达到以短养长的目的,其中以绿竹-黄豆或花生的混农模式效果为佳。 相似文献
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早竹又叫早园竹、燕竹,为刚竹属竹种,是重要的竹种资源,具有较大的发展前景。燕竹笋是竹笋中的上品,笋肉洁白,甘甜鲜嫩,味美可口,营养丰富,每100g笋中含蛋白质2.74g、脂肪0.52g、总糖1.68g、粗纤维0.55g,还有磷、铁、钙等微量元素,至少含有18种人体所需的氨基酸。培育早竹笋用林是以生产竹笋为主要目的,每667m2年产笋可达1000~1500kg,生产效益较高,目前已成为各地农业结构调整的重要项目之一。一、造林建园林地应选择地势较高、地下水位70cm以上、土层厚度50cm以上的地块造林,砂壤土最宜。造林时间从每年的11月至翌年2月,除避开寒冻天气外均可。造林方法多采取移竹造林,母竹年龄最好是一二年生竹,根际直径1cm~3cm。挖母竹时需保留来鞭30cm左右,去鞭40cm~50cm,一般将毗邻2~4株母竹联挖成丛,鞭?多留宿土,用草绳包扎。挖出的母竹,留枝4~5盘,砍去顶梢。母竹栽植密度一般每667m270~90株。栽植时先填表土,再填心土,覆土深度比母竹原来入土部分稍深3cm~5cm。一般造林后第3年即可形成竹园,进入产笋生产期。二、高产措施(一)竹林结构的建立和调整。竹林结构包括地上结构和地下结... 相似文献
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在湖北省崇阳县进行毛竹林丰产技术试验研究。结果表明,对毛竹林施行全垦施肥,刀抚全垦或刀抚除杂,均能收到提高毛竹产量和立竹质量的目的,其中全垦施肥和刀抚全垦有利于毛竹竹鞭孕笋,增产效果极为明显;刀抚除杂投资少,见效快,也有明显的增产效果,各地可因地制宜地采取适宜措施,改变竹林荒芜低产的状态,促使竹林复壮增产。 相似文献
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[目的]揭示屏边空竹的发笋、退笋和幼竹生长规律。[方法]定点观测了30丛屏边空竹周年的出笋、退笋、秆高及地径生长数据,运用SPSS软件分析评价了不同季节出笋及幼竹生长规律。[结果](1)屏边空竹笋期历时9个月左右(从9月至次年5月),根据出笋量的差异可分为初期、盛期和末期,春季最多而夏季最少;其中5丛(16. 67%)每季出笋,具有四季发笋的习性。(2)退笋率随着笋期逐渐增加,在出笋末期达到最高,为87. 76%。(3)笋-幼竹高生长约130 d完成,平均秆高达6. 36 m;呈现"慢-快-慢"的生长规律,生长曲线可用三次曲线方程描述:H=0. 806-0. 029t+0. 001t2-5. 894×10-6t3,R2=0. 980。(4)地径的生长历时16 d左右,平均地径为18. 50 mm,也呈现"慢-快-慢"的生长规律。[结论]屏边空竹发笋期长约9个月,具有四季发笋的习性,但各季节出笋量差异显著;秆高和地径呈现"慢-快-慢"的生长规律。 相似文献
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佯黄竹(Bambusa changningensis Yi et B.X.Li)具有发笋期长、发笋量大、生长适应性广、材性好等特点,是优良的笋材两用竹种,具有重要的经济价值和生态价值。文章试验研究了底肥类型(农家肥、复合肥)、栽植季节(春季、冬季)、栽植方式(双头带蔸埋秆栽植、单株栽植)对佯黄竹生长的影响。结果表明:不同底肥类型间对佯黄竹成活率具有显著影响,对发笋数和成竹数则影响不显著;不同的栽植季节和栽植方式对佯黄竹成活率、发笋数和成竹数均有显著影响;底肥类型、栽植季节和栽植方式的不同处理组合对佯黄竹成活率、发笋数、成竹数均具有显著影响,其中施复合肥底肥,春季采用双头带蔸埋秆栽植方式在成活率、发笋数、成竹数3个指标上均表现最优,成活率达到96.7%,发笋数达到8.3株/丛,成竹数达到6.7株/丛。 相似文献
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There are abundant local legume trees and shrubs potentially suitable for alley cropping systems in the sub-Saharan Africa, which are yet to be studied. The nitrogen contribution of two years old Albizia lebbeck and S. corymbosato yield of maize grown in alley cropping was compared to that of Senna siamea, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala in four seasons at Ibadan. Maize shoot biomass and maize grain yield in A. lebbeck alley compared favourably with that in G. sepium and L. leucocephala. Maize biomass and grain yield in S. corymbosa alleys were the lowest. Within A. lebbeck, L. leucocpehala, and G. sepium alleys there were no significant differences in the maize yield in the alleys that received 0, 40 or 80 kg N/ha. Application of more than 40 kg N/ha in S. corymbosa alleys was not necessary as there was no significant increase in maize yield at the higher level of nitrogen. Maize yield and N uptake in A. lebbeck alleys were not significantly different from yield and N uptake in G. sepium, and L. leucocephala at the same fertilizer level. There was a significant correlation between hedgerow tree biomass and maize grain yield. At the end of twelve weeks after pruning application, the organic residues of the pruning applied in the alleys ranged from 5% in G. sepium and 44% in A. lebbeck in the first year compared with the original pruning applied which showed that the slow rate of A. lebbeck decomposition could have a beneficial effect on the soil. The maize N recovery from applied N fertilizer was low (10–22%). Percentage N recovery from the prunings was low in the non-N fixing trees (12–22%), while the recovery was high (49–59%) in A. lebbeck as well as in the other nitrogen fixing tree prunings. Thus A. lebbeck, apart from enhancing maize growth and grain yield like in L. leucocephala and G. sepium, had an added advantage because it remained longer as mulching material on the soil because of its slow rate of decomposition. It was able to survive pruning frequencies with no die-back. This indicates that A. lebbeck is a good potential candidate for alley cropping system in West Africa. S. corymbosa performed poorly compared with the other legume trees. Though it responded to N fertilizer showing a positive interaction between the hedgerow and fertilizer application, it had a high die back rate following pruning periods and termite attack.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) is cultivated for edible bamboo shoot production in Japan. Yamagata Prefecture is located in a heavy-snowfall region at the northern limit of the cultivated area. However, snow damage to bamboo culms occurs every year and decreases bamboo shoot production. “Uradome” is a treatment that involves cutting off the upper portion of the new culms when the bamboo shoot is almost fully grown. We studied the effect of “Uradome” implementation on incidence of snow damage to bamboo culms. In addition, we investigated terrain characteristics of bamboo forest at sites where snow damage occurred. As a result, the higher the degree of “Uradome” was, the lower the damage rate was. Furthermore, the results revealed that implementation of “Uradome” prevents snow damage to culms. It is considered that snow damage may be prevented by rendering the culm shape straight as a result of “Uradome”. The results also indicated that snow damage is more likely to occur on steep slopes. Factors that influence the incidence and severity of snow damage are considered to differ between Japan and other countries. Therefore, it is desirable to adopt preventative measures against snow damage, such as the “Uradome” method, irrespective of the local climate and terrain. 相似文献
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在福建省建瓯市房道镇开展了毛竹笋竹两用丰产林的生物有机肥应用研究。结果表明,在当前立地条件下,连续施用2年生物有机肥和实施竹林标准化培育措施,明显增加研究区毛竹的新竹、冬笋和春笋产量,有效提高竹林生产能力。有机肥施肥区(埂尾区、吴大元区)新竹产量是不施肥对照区的1.94~2.21倍,其冬笋和春笋总产量则比同期常规复合肥施肥区增加28.9%;埂尾区和吴大元区竹笋产量比施肥管理前分别增产138.2、127.9 kg/667 m2,增长率相应达43.1%、40.2%。沿水平等高线开沟施用生物有机肥的方式,具有改善土壤综合肥力、减少养分流失和环境污染风险的作用,以碱解氮和速效钾含量增加最明显,碱解氮增长率达38.4%(埂尾区)、31.9%(吴大元区),速效钾增长率达35.7%(埂尾区)、24.3%(吴大元区);同时,竹林科学管理促进了竹笋粗蛋白和可溶性糖含量提高、粗脂肪含量降低,竹笋营养品质和质量安全保持良好状况。因此,加强竹林标准化丰产培育和因地制宜地科学施肥,有利于促进毛竹林可持续经营和综合效益提升。 相似文献
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Shuisong Zhang Changfa Chen Shouqing He Kexuan Wu Yousheng Zhan 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2008,3(3):254-263
In the intermediate cutting intensity experiment of a Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation for 20 years, the changing pattern of natural thinning in these stands, with different intermediate cutting intensities,
was studied. The relationship between the number of trees removed by natural thinning and stand density and site conditions
was explained. The mathematical equation M = K
1·K
2 of natural thinning lines of C. lanceolata stand density management maps was tested and the relationship of diameter, height and canopy structure of stands with different
intermediate cutting intensities are proposed. Our study of natural thinning in these stands indicates that the starting and
peak periods of natural thinning in the check and slightly thinned plots were both early. The amount of thinned wood was large
and the course of thinning proceeded continuously. The three levels of thinning: the slight thinning period, the intensive
thinning period and the continued thinning period could be divided on the basis of the amount of thinned wood. Natural thinning
would be a very long process without artificial interference. The starting and peak periods of thinning in the middle and
strong intermediate felling are both late and present intermittence. Their thinning stages were not clearly evident. Through
our studies, we also discovered that stand density and site conditions had important effects on the number of dead and dying
trees, but that density was more important than site conditions. By way of tests, the relative error of the mathematical equation
of natural thinning lines of C. lanceolata stand density management maps was 3.91% and the precision was relatively high. The practical test results of the stands,
given different intermediate cutting intensities and different site indices, show that the relative error of the check plots
was 5.23%, while the relative errors of the other tested items were all < 5%, well within the allowable experimental error.
The mathematical equation was comparatively practical. The study demonstrated the distribution laws of diameter and height
classes of the stand at different intermediate cutting intensities. From this study we also obtained the growth differences
and changing dynamics of the height to the first branch, canopy length and relative canopy height of the stand at different
intermediate cutting intensities and various related patterns with an increase of stand age and proposed a mathematical model
relating stand age and the single-tree periodic volume increment.
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Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42(1): 55–62 [[译自: 林业科学] 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to estimate biomass and carbon storage for a fast-growing makino bamboo (Phyllostachys makinoi). The study site was located in central Taiwan and the makino bamboo plantation had a stand density of 21191 ± 4107 culms ha−1. A diameter distribution model based on the Weibull distribution function and an allometric model was used to predict aboveground biomass and carbon storage. For an accurate estimation of carbon storage, the percent carbon content (PCC) in different sections of bamboo was determined by an elemental analyzer. The results showed that bamboos of all ages shared a similar trend, where culms displayed a carbon storage of 47.49–47.82%, branches 45.66–46.23%, and foliage 38.12–44.78%. In spite of the high density of the stand, the diameter distribution of makino bamboo approached a normal distribution and aboveground biomass and carbon storage were 105.33 and 49.81 Mg ha−1, respectively. Moreover, one-fifth of older culms from the entire stand were removed by selective cutting. If the distribution of the yield of older culms per year was similar to the current stand, the yields of biomass and carbon per year would be 21.07 and 9.89 Mg ha−1 year−1. An astonishing productivity was observed, where every 5 years the yield of biomass and carbon was equal to the current status of stockings. Thus, makino bamboo has a high potential as a species used for carbon storage. 相似文献