绿豆酥性饼干的制作工艺

以绿豆和低筋面粉为主要原料制作绿豆酥性饼干,通过单因素试验和正交试验,以感官评价和质构分析的综合评分为指标,确定了绿豆酥性饼干的最佳工艺配方为绿豆粉35 g,白砂糖30 g,黄油35 g。通过正交设计试验确定了制作绿豆酥性饼干的最佳烘烤条件为面火温度190℃,底火温度180℃,烘烤时间10 min,并且通过SAS软件分析,感官评分和质构数据中饼干硬度呈负相关且相关性显著。     

海红米司康饼的研制

以低筋面粉为主,辅以海红米粉,研制独具海红米香味、色泽和营养的新型司康饼。以感官评价为指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验法研究低筋面粉和海红米粉的混合比例、黄油和淡奶油的用量、烘烤温度和时间对司康饼感官品质的影响,最终确定产品最佳配方。结果表明,经过优化后的海红米司康饼的最佳配方为低筋面粉75 g,海红米粉25 g,黄油29 g,淡奶油40 g,糖粉25 g,鸡蛋20 g,泡打粉2.5g,食盐1.6 g;烘烤条件为烘烤温度170℃,烘烤时间34 min。     

预制调理包子加工工艺优化及速冻条件的研究

为了改善预制调理包子的口感与风味,实现产品的标准化加工,以感官评分和质构分析为评价指标,结合单因素试验和响应面优化试验,研究了不同工艺条件对预制调理包子品质的影响,优化了预制调理包子的加工工艺.结果 表明,预制调理包子最佳工艺条件为:酵母添加量1.01％,发酵时间79 min,馅料面粉比4∶5,醒发时间40 min.最佳工艺条件下得到的产品形状挺拔完整,质地良好,光泽明亮,口感佳.对不同储藏温度下储藏5d的预制调理包子进行质构和感官评分分析,得出-20℃为最佳储藏温度.     

基于模糊数学法的婴幼儿磨牙饼干加工工艺优化

以低筋小麦粉、黄油、香蕉等为主要原料,研究制备一种无人工合成食品添加剂的磨牙饼干.采用模糊数学法建立饼干的感官品质模型,并以此为基础,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化饼干加工工艺.结果表明,磨牙饼干的最佳加工工艺为:黄油添加量15％,鸡蛋添加量18％,牛奶添加量22％,香蕉添加量17％,烘烤时间45 min,烘烤温度160℃,以此工艺制得的磨牙饼干外形完整、色泽均匀、香气浓郁,品质稳定、安全,未添加糖、盐、人工合成的食品添加剂等成分.     

嘉宝果风味低糖桃酥配方的优化

为研究嘉宝果风味低糖桃酥的制备工艺,按照国标对嘉宝果果渣粉的主要成分进行测定和分析,并以嘉宝果果渣粉、黄油、糖粉添加量和嘉宝果果渣粉目数为主要因素,以桃酥感官评分和质构评分为指标,采用L₉(3⁴)正交试验设计方案进行优化。研究得出桃酥的最优配方为低筋面粉100%,添加泡打粉1%,小苏打1%,全蛋液20%,100目嘉宝果果渣粉5%,黄油50%,糖粉9%,甜菊糖0.1%。在此配方下制得的桃酥感官评分89.91分,硬度为33.56N,黏附性为0.25 N/mm,弹性为0.49 mm,咀嚼性为0.81 mJ。     

烘烤型黑蒜山药薯片的研制及质构特性分析

将黑蒜和山药加入马铃薯粉中,研制烘烤型黑蒜山药薯片。以感官评分和质构特性为评价指标,探讨黑蒜粉添加量、山药粉添加量、白砂糖添加量、食盐添加量以及烘烤温度和烘烤时间对烘烤型黑蒜山药薯片品质的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化烘烤型黑蒜山药薯片制作配方及工艺。结果表明,烘烤型黑蒜山药薯片的最佳配方及工艺为：马铃薯粉添加量30 g,白砂糖添加量9 g,油添加量2 g,食盐添加量1.0 g,黑蒜粉添加量1.5 g,山药粉添加量9 g,水添加量50 mL,烘烤温度145℃,烘烤时间22 min。按此配方及工艺条件生产的黑蒜山药薯片质地均匀,无裂纹,口感较好,入口爽脆,有独特的黑蒜风味。研究结果为新型薯片的研制提供技术支持。     

双孢菇饼干的生产工艺研究

以感官评价为指标,选择双孢菇粉、糖粉和黄油添加量为单因素进行梯度试验,并在此基础上进行正交试验优化双孢菇饼干的制作工艺。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为以低筋面粉量为烘焙百分比100%,双孢菇粉10%,白砂糖35%,黄油70%,全蛋液15%,奶粉5%,面火180℃,底火190℃下焙烤15 min得到的双孢菇饼干感官品质最佳。     

新疆葱油曲奇的焙烤工艺研究

将富含多种微量元素的新疆香葱应用于西式焙烤食品曲奇饼加工中,研究其焙烤工艺,为适合新疆口味的新产品开发奠定基础。通过正交试验,以感官评价为评价指标的优化焙烤工艺结果为:焙烤前期时间35 min,上火温度调0℃,下火温度100℃;焙烤后期时间10 min,上火温度调140℃,下火温度0℃。以产品感官评价为指标的优化焙烤工艺结果为:感官综合的评分为82分。     

发酵银杏果粉汤圆粉团的研制

研究了以发酵银杏果粉为主要原料制作汤圆粉团的技术,以感官品质、质构、冻裂率和汤圆粉团汤浊度为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,以感官评分为响应值,通过响应面分析对发酵银杏果粉汤圆粉团的配方进行优化.结果 表明:糯米粉和发酵银杏果粉组成的混合粉为100 g,其中发酵银杏果粉添加量30 g,每100 g混合粉中添加白砂糖35 g、谷朊粉1.85 g、磷酸酯淀粉0.30 g,该配方下制成的发酵银杏果粉汤圆感官评分为97.7±0.8分,与模型预测值97.63分基本一致,产品品质显著高于对照组汤圆粉团,感官评分提高了11.3％,冻裂率下降了75％,胶粘性降低了40.7％,浊度和咀嚼性无显著性变化,硬度适度增加.发酵银杏果粉汤圆粉团的各项指标符合国家标准的要求,品质高,有广阔的市场前景,为银杏果的高效利用开创了新的途径.     

响应面法优化低糖核桃营养派制作工艺研究

以核桃仁为原料,木糖醇为甜味剂,辅以燕麦片、麦芽糖、重瓣干玫瑰花瓣以及黑芝麻制作低糖核桃营养派.以核桃仁去皮浸泡时间、核桃仁烘烤时间、燕麦片添加量和木糖醇添加量为影响因素,利用感官评价和质构分析研究对成品品质的影响.在单因素试验的基础上,根据Box-Behnken响应面试验设计方法对低糖核桃营养派进行配方和工艺优化,结果表明:低糖核桃营养派的最佳工艺参数为:核桃仁添加量100 g,核桃仁去皮浸泡时间23 min,核桃仁烘烤温度160℃,核桃仁烘烤时间18 min,麦芽糖添加量10 g,燕麦片添加量20 g,木糖醇添加量13 g.在此条件下制得的低糖核桃营养派感官评分为95分,经过优化后的配方和工艺加工而成的低糖核桃营养派具有营养全面,搭配合理,风味独特的优点.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Evolution under domestication involving disturbance of genic balance

Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected.     

Genetic variation for disease and nematode resistances and forage quality in perennial diploid and tetraploid lucerne populations (Medicago sativa L.)

Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality.     

Review of Effects of Active Components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on Central Nervous System

In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,...     

Effects of Pb on Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activity and Chemical Constituents of Achyranthes bidentata Blume

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat...     

不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响

采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应.     

Isozyme variation between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth.

Summary Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.