提高肉鸭育雏率的几项措施

为提高肉鸭４周龄的育雏率，应采取以下措施。１选择优良雏鸭 符合本品种特征；脐部不内凹，不外凸，不干瘪；肛门周围洁净、无黄、白、绿色粪便粘着；脐部吸收良好，无血迹、血块；喙、眼、颈、腿、爪无畸型。２适宜的育雏条件２．１温度应注意观察雏鸭的活动规律及精神状态及时调温。其温度范围见表１。２．２湿度 １０日龄前舍内的相对湿度为６０％～６５％，１０日龄以后为５０％～５５％。２．３密度较好的雏群密度范围，见表２。２． ４饮水及洗浴雏鸭出壳 ２４ ｈ即开始饮水。雏鸭应饮用温开水，水中可加入适量的大蒜汁，也可用 ５０…     

华南虎原野式环境中的饲养管理与部分行为的观察

1998年 9月从苏州引进 2雄 1雌共 3头亚成体华南虎在梅花山原野式环境中进行饲养、管理、野化训练和生殖等移地保护研究。结果表明 ,原野式环境中的华南虎 ,其饲养、管理、体质和许多行为表现与笼舍环境里的华南虎有显著差异。1　材料与方法1 1　种虎及其生活环境从苏州引进 1 997年 1月和 6月出生的国际编号 2 78号雌虎和 2 84、 2 85号雄虎共 3头亚成华南虎作为本研究的华南虎材料 ,于 1 998年 9月 2 6日进入梅花山原野式环境中。在海拔 70 0ｍ福建省梅花山的山顶上建靠原野式环境 ,四周设 4 5ｍ高铁丝网围栏 ,内植草皮、茅草、常绿树、…     

Changes in drug action in growing animals

Some results are given from a long-term study of possible changes in drug action in growing animals. It was found that the changes were of different character according to the drug studied, amongst other factors. A non-parallelity in changes of toxic effects and therapeutic effects of some drugs during aging appears to be important. The influence of age on effects in drug interactions is of great interest. All the findings show that it will be very difficult to correct for dose with respect to developmental changes in animals without further pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies in this field of pharmacology.     

Principles of fracture fixation in growing animals.

Changes in bone structure and conformation can occur very rapidly in growing animals. Injury to the bones or articular surfaces warrant special consideration because of the potential devastating consequences of secondary growth deformities in the animal. Disturbance of normal growth plate activity, imperfect fixation of an articular fracture, and conformational defects in long bones may create lifelong problems for the animal.     

Changes in body temperature during growth and in response to fasting in growing modern meat type chickens

1. Rectal or core body temperature was determined in a study to examine the effects of fasting in modern meat type broilers at three stages of growth, namely d 19, 33 and 47.

2. There were two treatment groups: fed with feed available ad libitum and fasted. Rectal temperatures were determined at noon (1200?h). At that time, feed was removed from the fasted group. The body temperatures were then determined again after 6, 12, 18 and 24?h.

3. Core body temperatures decreased with fasting. The decrease was evident after as little as 6?h of fasting with a further decline evident by 12?h.

4. Accompanying the decrease in body temperature with fasting there were decreases in the venous concentrations of carbon dioxide in the blood and sodium in the plasma.

5. The decrease in both body temperature and carbon dioxide presumably reflects depressed metabolic rate.

6. Unexpectedly, the core body temperature increased progressively with age in the control fed group (d 19?=?41·04?±?0·02°C, d 33?=?41·65?±?0·05°C, d 47?=?42·21?±?0·12°C).

7. In the fed control group, core body temperatures were reduced at night, when feeding activity would be anticipated to be greatly reduced.     

甜菜碱对肉鸡生长和肉质的影响

选用288羽29日龄艾维茵肉鸡,按饲养试验要求分成4组(每组3个重复),分别饲以添加0、500、750、1000毫克/千克甜菜碱的相同饲粮,进行了为期21天的饲养试验.在研究甜菜碱对肉鸡生长影响的基础上,选择剂量最佳组进行屠宰取样,测定肌肉中肌酸、肌苷酸和肌红蛋白含量等指标,探讨甜菜碱对肉鸡肉质的影响.结果表明(1) 1000毫克/千克剂量组效果最佳,日增重提高了7.20%(P＜0.05),料重比降低了6.81%(P＜0.05);(2)在饲粮中添加1000毫克/千克甜菜碱显著改善了肉质,肌肉中肌酸、肌苷酸和肌红蛋白含量分别增加了17.28%(P＜0.01)、26.92%(P＜0.01)和9.15%(P＜0.05).     

牛至油对育肥猪生长性能和肉品质的影响

文章旨在研究不同浓度的牛至油对肥育猪生长性能和肉质特性的影响。试验选择32头阉割公猪和32头后备母猪随机分成4个组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.2、0.4和0.8mg/kg牛至油,试验共开展5周。试验结束后禁食12h,称重后屠宰。经过一夜的冷却,从屠体上取50cm的腰肌(每组8头,4头公猪、4头母猪)。日粮中添加牛至精油对生长猪末重、日增重、屠宰率均无显著差异(P>0.05),同时各组最长肌嫩度、屠宰后45min和24h后的pH、肉色及感官特性也无显著差异(P>0.05)。此外,脂质氧化试验结果显示,日粮添加牛至油对肌肉无明显的抗氧化作用(P>0.05)。综上所述,由于胴体和肉质属性均无显著变化,说明本试验中日粮添加不同水平牛至油对猪的肉质参数没有影响。     

圈养肉用犬催肥中采用的技术措施

1公母狗的阉割术 公母狗的阉割年龄,1～6个月龄以上为宜,但是有条件的越早越好.     

The significance of mycotoxin assimilation for meat animals

Mycotoxins may influence animal health and may be responsible for alterations in carcass composition and quality. Of major interest is the formation of residues in edible tissues, which had been demonstrated for the mycotoxins aflatoxin B1 and its metabolites, for ochratoxin A, zearalenone, as well as some trichothecenes. The amount of detectable residue depends on the initial feed contamination, duration of toxin exposure and persistence of the toxin within the animal the latter varying according to the species. Thus, residues of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A could be detected with a higher frequency than residues of trichothecenes which are rapidly metabolized and therefore only rarely contribute to a contamination of edible tissues. However, sufficient data for the evaluation of approximative carry over rates are not available for all mycotoxins. The majority of mycotoxins are heat tolerant and therefore a decomposition during cooking or processing is almost unlikely.     

生产健康动物的三个营养步骤

用极少的抗生素饲养出健康的动物——这是欧洲畜牧业面临的主要挑战。消费者、零售商和政府管理部门都清楚地表达出这一信息。在一些国家,控制措施早已实施;而在其他一些国家,这些讨论才刚刚开始。总体来说,很明显,在可预见的未来,在整个欧洲范围内利用受控的低水平抗生素进行可持续的畜牧业生产将是强制性的。     

Relationship between the rate of longitudinal bone growth and physeal thickness in the growing fowl

The thickness of the physeal cartilage (growth plate) was measured and the rate of longitudinal bone growth estimated in the femur, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus of different groups of domestic fowl. Birds were either a laying strain or broiler strain fed ad libitum, or a broiler strain on restricted feed. They were killed at different ages from hatching to 10 weeks and the mean thickness of the physeal cartilage and the mean estimated rate of longitudinal bone growth was calculated in the proximal bone extremities. Mean physeal thickness varied from 0.185 to 0.825 mm and longitudinal growth rates between 1.85 and 8.4 mm per week. When growth rates were plotted against physeal thickness the resulting scatter diagram suggested a positive linear relationship between the two. This study provides a range of baseline values for the assessment of proximal physeal thickness in other groups of fowl.     

冻肉存在的问题及监管对策

肉食安全已成为社会共同关注的公共卫生问题,食肉事故一旦发生,直接危及人们的身体健康.当前,冻肉运输销售频繁且质量参差不齐,这些都可能存在着传播疫病、质量难于控制的安全隐患.同时,也给我们的监管工作带来考验.     

Thyroid activity in relation to feed intake, growth rate and feed conversion in growing heifers

Phenotypic and genetic parameters for thyroid activity (T4 serum level, T4 apparent distribution volume, T4 fractional turnover rate and T4 degradation), and for certain production traits (roughage dry matter intake, daily weight gain and roughage dry matter/kg weight gain), were investigated in cattle. In the experiment, 480 growing heifers were studied, daughters of 20 AI sires previously tested for thyroid activity. Repeatabilities for thyroid traits 2-3 months apart varied, with an average 0.3-0.6 for the different traits. Heritability estimates based on sire components were 0.1-0.4 for the thyroid traits, 0.16 +/- .10 for roughage intake and 0.18 +/- .11 for daily gain. The sire component for feed efficiency (roughage dry matter/kg weight gain) was 0, and genetic correlations between thyroid traits and the production traits in growing heifers were low with large standard errors.