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马铃薯淀粉的糊化特性、用途及品质改良 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
马铃薯淀粉具有优良的糊化特性和独特的用途,其糊化温度低、膨胀容易;糊化时吸水、保水力大;糊浆粘度、膨胀度及透明度高,在加工面食类、水畜产制品、小糕点、颗粒粉、变性淀粉等制品上利用,具有独特的效果。马铃薯淀粉的分子结构中结合有磷酸基,对马铃薯淀粉的糊化性质有重要影响。通过对磷含量的遗传改良、定向选择可获得具有不同糊化性质和用途的马铃薯淀粉品种。 相似文献
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加入WTO ,我国农业相对而言将受到比较大的冲击 ,而以马铃薯淀粉为主的马铃薯产业却是受冲击最小而受益最大的产业之一。那么 ,加入WTO后 ,我国马铃薯淀粉业的优势究竟在哪里 ?1 原料资源充裕的优势马铃薯本身的特殊性决定了其在生产方式上的特殊性———栽培过程中的自动化程度提高难度大、成本高 ,活劳动的消耗远远大于其他作物。同时由于马铃薯加工原料的出品率低、异地加工的原料运输成本高 ,原料无法大半径运输 ,决定了它的初级产品加工只能在资源产地进行。而发达国家的淀粉深加工企业欲从国外进口原淀粉维持生存受到本国政策… 相似文献
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以菠萝蜜种子为原料提取淀粉,以木薯淀粉、大米淀粉、玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉为参照,采用体外消化试验测定菠萝蜜种子淀粉的快速消化淀粉、慢消化淀粉和抗性淀粉含量,并进行酶解动力学实验。结果表明:菠萝蜜种子淀粉快速消化淀粉、慢消化淀粉和抗性淀粉的含量分别为4.50%、19.65%和75.85%,酶解速率为0.60 h-1,平衡浓度为36.93%,酶解指数为41.43,血糖指数为62.45,属于中等血糖食物;菠萝蜜种子淀粉消化性、平衡浓度、酶解指数与血糖指数均高于马铃薯淀粉,而低于其他三种淀粉,酶解速率比马铃薯淀粉、木薯淀粉快,比大米淀粉、玉米淀粉慢。 相似文献
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马铃薯淀粉具有其他淀粉所没有的一些优良特性,在食品、饲料、化工、胶粘剂、造纸、纺织、可生物降解材料等领域应用广泛。高产高淀粉马铃薯品种可使农民增收,企业增效。然而,目前生产上尚缺乏高产高淀粉品种,特别是早熟品种。为鉴定筛选适合淀粉加工的早熟马铃薯品种。2021和2022年,采用随机区组设计,4次重复,在黑龙江省克山农场以‘尤佳70’为对照,评价7个早熟马铃薯品种(‘东农312’‘龙薯3号’‘中薯早35’‘中薯早39’‘中薯早43’‘中薯早44’和‘中薯早45’)的块茎产量、淀粉含量和淀粉产量表现及其稳定性。‘中薯早39’块茎产量、淀粉含量和淀粉产量稳定性表现中等,块茎产量46 643 kg/hm2,略高于供试8个品种的平均值43 676 kg/hm2,但显著高于对照品种‘尤佳70’块茎产量;淀粉含量18.68%,在供试的8个品种中最高,使得其淀粉产量在供试的8个品种中最高,达8 699 kg/hm2,与其他品种(包括对照‘尤佳70’)相比差异均显著。‘中薯早39’总体表现优良,可以作为早熟淀粉加工型品种大面积试种。 相似文献
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马铃薯适应性强、产量高,块茎富含淀粉,其淀粉品质优于其他作物。马铃薯淀粉加工需要品种产量高、淀粉含量高,且在年际间表现稳定。以垦区主栽品种‘延薯4号’为对照,评价6个马铃薯品种的块茎产量、淀粉含量、淀粉产量及其稳定性,以期筛选出适用于当地马铃薯淀粉加工的品种。试验于2019~2021年在克山农场进行,采用随机区组设计,4次重复。块茎产量、淀粉含量、淀粉产量品种×年份互作效应显著,所以需要进行品种稳定性分析。‘北薯2号’淀粉含量21.77%,淀粉产量11 304 kg/hm2,均显著高于对照品种‘延薯4号’,且年际间表现稳定,表现出淀粉加工品种的潜力。‘东农321’淀粉含量14.82%,稳定性中等,块茎产量较高,为53 170 kg/hm2,稳定性好,由于块茎产量较高,所以淀粉产量较高且表现稳定,可作鲜食和淀粉加工兼用型品种试种。研究结果可为马铃薯淀粉加工企业品种选择提供依据。 相似文献
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通过2002~2007年G0~G3代不同马铃薯品种种植结果,建立相关模型。淀粉产量分析表明:为加工淀粉,最宜种植G2~G3种薯。效益分析表明,现有条件下,淀粉加工企业,应用品种淀粉含量必须高于14%。同时评价了呼伦贝尔市地区马铃薯淀粉加工品种应用体系,并就此提出对策和建议。 相似文献
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2003年8月7~27日,作者代表天津顶峰淀粉开发有限公司,对我国北方主要的马铃薯淀粉加工厂商的原料薯生产现状进行了考察,现整理如下,希望能与从事马铃薯产业的同仁共同探讨。 相似文献
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马铃薯品种淀粉含量和淀粉产量的表现及其稳定性分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
淀粉加工在马铃薯产业中起着重要作用。然而,目前广泛种植的原料薯仍然是淀粉含量不高的菜用薯。为选出适于黑龙江垦区种植的淀粉加工型马铃薯品种,试验采用随机区组设计,以‘延薯4号’为对照,对5个品种(‘同薯29号’、‘克新27号’、‘东农310’、‘内-9’和‘希森5号’)的块茎产量、淀粉含量以及淀粉产量进行评价,并进行稳定性分析。对照品种‘延薯4号’产量达46300 kg/hm^2,淀粉含量13.76%,淀粉产量6394 kg/hm^2,均表现出较好的稳定性。‘克新27号’产量(41731 kg/hm^2)低于‘延薯4号’,但淀粉含量(18.94%)高于‘延薯4号’,结果淀粉产量(7976 kg/hm^2)最高,但表现并不稳定。‘东农310’和‘希森5号’淀粉含量分别为18.33%和20.46%,并具有较高的淀粉产量,分别为6709和6658 kg/hm^2,表现稳定。该研究为淀粉企业正确选择品种提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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Rheological and Thermal Properties
of Potato Starch 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
<正>Particle size, rheological and thermal properties of potato starch from Yunnan province of China was investigated. The particle size ranges from 0.429-102.3 μm determined by laser light-scatter. The major flow type of 6 w/v% potato starch was shear-thinning fluid even the shear rate up to 800·s-1, and the gel formed by 6 w/v% potato starch fell to weak gel for its little difference between G′ and G′′, high dependence on frequency and low value of G′(Pa). The hardness and cohesiveness of potato starch gel were 31.3 g and 131.9 g·s, respectively. The thermal properties of potato starch were also determined by DSC at the starch∶ water = 3∶ 1. The To, Tp, and △H of potato starch were 62.23℃, 67.31℃, and 2.22 J·g-1. 相似文献
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High resolution imaging of the surfaces of starch granules from two different botanical sources has been performed using two complementary techniques: low voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). LVSEM provided superior images ofuncoatedgranules than possible by conventional scanning electron microscopy, and these images were used to validate the features revealed at higher resolution by AFM. The AFM images demonstrated that, although intra-sample variation exists, the surfaces of wheat and potato starch granules possess substantially different topographies. Potato starch had many protrusions (50–300 nm in diameter), above a flatter surface, which contained structures in the order of 10–50 nm. Wheat starch had far fewer protrusions and generally had a smoother surface made up of 10–50 nm structures. The 10 to 300 nm structures are believed to be carbohydrate in nature and correspond to ‘blocklet’ structures, comprising groups of amylopectin side-chain clusters presenting at the granule surface. We conclude therefore that near-molecular resolution topography of the starch granule surface has been revealed, which has allowed further insight into starch granule structure and molecular organisation. 相似文献
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The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the physical modification by microwave irradiation on the mineral fraction and rheological properties of starch isolated from Canna edulis rhizomes. Phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, calcium and zinc were evaluated using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Rheological properties were determined using both the Brabender amylograph and Brookfield viscosimeter. Except for the calcium concentration, mineral contents decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after microwave treatment. The amylographic profile was also modified, showing increased pasting temperature range and breakdown index, whereas the viscosity peak, viscosity at holding (95°C) and cooling periods (50°C), setback and consistency decreased as compared to the native starch counterpart. Although viscosity decreased in the microwaved sample, presumably due to starch changes at molecular level, it retained the general pseudo plastic behavior of native starch. It is concluded that canna starch may be modified by microwave irradiation in order to change its functional properties. This information should be considered when using microwave irradiation for food processing. Furthermore, the altered functional attributes of canna modified starch could be advantageous in new product development. 相似文献
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淀粉加工型马铃薯种质资源的引进与评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
淀粉产量是淀粉加工企业普遍关心的重要问题。利用当地主栽品种克新13号作为对照品种,对引进的7个马铃薯新品种(系)进行了田间对比试验。试验结果表明:春薯4号、呼H99-9、呼H99-8、中心202的产量高于对照,海伦3号、综合和HL02-2的产量低于对照。从大中薯率来看,仅中心202高于对照。引进的7个品种淀粉含量均高于对照,其中淀粉含量最高的品种是综合,淀粉含量达22.05%,其次是海伦3号,淀粉含量达19.98%。除了HL02-2外,其余品种的淀粉产量均高于对照。从整体评价结果来看,呼H99-9、呼H99-8和海伦3号的淀粉含量及淀粉产量都优于对照品种克新13号,适合在当地推广种植,而中心202可以用作早期淀粉加工。 相似文献