Difference in the level of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin accumulation between the crabs <Emphasis Type="Italic">Telmessus acutidens</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Charybdis japonica</Emphasis> collected in Onahama,Fukushima Prefecture

ABSTRACT:     The difference in paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin accumulation in the crabs Telmessus acutidens and Charybdis japonica was investigated at Onahama, Fukushima Prefecture, from 2002 to 2005. The level of toxin accumulation in the hepatopancreas of T. acutidens corresponded to that of mussels when examined on a yearly basis. In 2003, some crabs had a high toxicity of approximately 1000 MU, which compares to one-third of the human minimum lethal dose. Therefore T. acutidens should be monitored as a vector species of PSP toxin. The toxin profile of T. acutidens was also investigated. Because an increase in highly toxic species of PSP toxins with a decrease in low toxic species, such as N -sulfocarbamoyl-11-hydroxysulfate toxins, was not clearly observed between consecutive samples, toxin transformation in T. acutidens was considered to have a minimal impact on toxicity. PSP toxins were also detected in several specimens of C. japonica , but the highest toxicity was only 7.4 MU/g in the hepatopancreas. Because C. japonica is widely distributed in the coastal waters of Japan, investigation of toxin accumulation in the crab should be continued, including its investigation in different areas of water from Onahama, where the causative dinoflagellates of PSP occur in different conditions.     

Frequent occurrence of the tetrodotoxin-bearing horseshoe crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda</Emphasis> in Vietnam

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was detected by HPLC and LC-MS/MS in specimens of the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda collected from Tan Hai village, Vung Tau province, Vietnam, where cases of poisoning due to the consumption of horseshoe crab have frequently been reported. The soft tissue from 10 out of the 12 specimens analyzed showed considerable levels of TTX, making them unsafe for human consumption (81.2 ± 50.3 MU/g). Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins were also detected in all of the specimens, but the levels were low. These findings show that the frequency of occurrence of C. rotundicauda specimens with a high level of TTX is significantly high, and that the TTX is responsible for the food poisonings caused by the consumption of C. rotundicauda in this area.     

Paralytic toxins in Taiwanese crab Xanthias lividus

ABSTRACT: Paralytic toxicity was detected by tetrodotoxin (TTX) bioassay in four and five specimens of new toxic xanthid crab Xanthia lividus collected from Lanyu, south-east Taiwan in April 1999 and Hsiaoliuchiu south-west Taiwan in November 1999, respectively. The average toxicity of crab specimens collected from Lanyu and Hsiaoliuchiu was 230 ± 94 (mean ± SD) mouse units (MU) and 241 ± 114 MU, respectively. The toxin was partially purified by YM-1 membrane ultrafiltration and Bio-Gel P-2 column chromatography. Electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy analyses showed that the crab toxin was composed mainly of tetrodotoxin (83%), as well as a small amount of gonyautoxin 1-4 (17%).     

Paralytic shellfish poison as an attractant for toxic snails

The attracting effect of paralytic shell poison (PSP) on eight toxic snail species (Polinices didyma, Natica lineata, N. vitellus, Zeuxis sufflatus, Niotha clathrata, Oliva miniacea, O. mustelina, O. hirasei) and two non-toxic species (Pomacea canaliculata, Satsuma bairdi) was investigated. Eight toxic species were reported to contain tetrodotoxin, and three out of these contained minor PSP. The minimum lethal dose of PSP in most toxic gastropods was estimated to be more than 150 MU PSP/20 g body weight, but in non-toxic gastropods was less than 15 MU PSP/20 g body weight. After the attracting test, all toxic gastropods showed significant positive linear relationship (Y=3.716X+0.363, r=0.8427) between comparative attracting variation and the toxicity reported. The relationship between PSP resistance ability and the toxicity also had a positive correlation (Y=0.91X+210.090, r=0.6803). However, the non-toxic species showed a negative response. This indicates that PSP is an attractant for toxic snails.     

三疣梭子蟹幼蟹对大豆卵磷脂的需要量

为确定三疣梭子蟹幼蟹对大豆卵磷脂(SL)最适需要量,进行了为期8周的生长实验。实验以鱼油和豆油为脂肪源,红鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源,添加不同含量的SL(0、10、20、40、60、80 g/kg),配制成6种等氮等脂饲料。每个处理60只蟹,设3个重复,每个重复放养平均体质量为(3.68±0.02)g的三疣梭子蟹20只,养殖于长方形塑料筐中。结果发现,当SL添加量为0~40 g/kg时,增重率(WGR)、蜕壳率(MR)、蛋白质效率(PER)、特定生长率(SGR)和成活率(SR)显著升高,而WGR、FCR显著而降低;当饲料中SL添加水平为40~80g/kg时,三疣梭子蟹的WR、MR和SGR无显著性变化,而FCR显著升高,PER显著减低。饲料中适宜水平的SL可以提高三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的生长性能和饲料利用率。血清中总蛋白(TP)、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)不受SL添加量的影响;当SL添加量为0~40g/kg时,血清中胆固醇(CHO)、葡萄糖(GLU)的含量显著升高,而随着SL添加量继续增加时,血清中CHO、GLU的含量无显著性变化;SL添加量为0~20 g/kg时,低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量显著性升高,但随着SL添加量的增加,LDL含量显著性降低。饲料中添加不同含量的SL对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹中肝胰腺的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)及溶菌酶活性无显著性影响,但当SL添加量为0~60 g/kg时,肝胰腺中过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高;当SL添加水平为0~40 g/kg时,谷胱甘肽过氧化物(GPX)的含量显著性上升。饲料中添加不同的SL对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹肌肉中C20:5(EPA),C22:6(DHA),n-3PUFA和C18:2脂肪酸含量无显著性影响。但当SL添加量为0~40 g/kg时,肝胰腺中C18:2的含量极显著降低,DHA和EPA含量显著上升,而肝胰腺中n-3PUFA的含量虽然无显著性差异,但当SL的含量为40 g/kg时,n-3PUFA的含量高于其他组;随着SL添加量的继续增加,C18:2显著性升高,而n-3PUFA极显著性降低,DHA和EPA含量显著降低。研究表明,当大豆卵磷脂添加量在一定范围内可以提高三疣梭子蟹肝胰腺中不饱和脂肪酸的含量,特别是n-3PUFA、DHA和EPA。以SGR为指标,通过折线模型得出三疣梭子蟹幼蟹饲料中大豆卵磷脂的适宜需要量为41.96 g/kg。     

感染溶藻弧菌对日本蟳肝胰腺免疫功能的影响

摘 要：为探讨日本蟳感染溶藻弧菌的致病机理,采用溶藻弧菌人工感染健康日本蟳,分析了感染前后日本蟳肝胰腺 PO、SOD和LSZ活性变化及注射免疫多糖后的免疫保护率,并研究了细胞超微结构的病理组织学。结果表明：日本蟳感染溶藻弧菌后,肝胰腺中PO、SOD和 LSZ的活性均受到不同程度的影响,感染6~12 h,3种酶的活性均有一个上升的过程,但之后随时间的延长呈现下降趋势;免疫感染组因感染弧菌前注射了免疫多糖,日本蟳肝胰腺中PO、SOD和LSZ酶活性均显著高于感染组的酶活性,感染7 d后的免疫保护率高达72.73％,表明免疫多糖可提高酶的活性,使机体的抗病菌能力增强。超微结构显示：对照组日本蟳肝胰腺细胞结构形态正常,上皮细胞表面的微绒毛排列整齐,各细胞器结构完整;免疫组内质网、糖原颗粒和线粒体丰富,微绒毛排列致密;感染组肝胰腺组织受到明显的损伤,细胞和部分微绒毛脱落、受损;线粒体和粗面内质网变形、水肿或仅剩一空泡;核高度异染色质化,核膜破裂。与感染组相比,免疫后感染组具有形态结构较正常的细胞核、整齐致密的微绒毛和丰富的溶酶体,但依然可见水肿的内质网和狭长畸变的线粒体。     

饲料中Pb和Cd在中华绒螯蟹体内的吸收与释放特性

为获知饲料中重金属与中华绒螫蟹各组织间的富集与释放特性,应用生物富集双箱动力学模型,模拟中华绒螫蟹分别在Pb含量为10.21、22.01、40.81 mg/kg,Cd含量为1.78、2.80、4.48 mg/kg的饲料驯养过程中,其鳃、肝胰腺和肌肉对Pb和Cd的生物富集与释放特性,为Pb与Cd在中华绒螫蟹体内的分布、富集和迁移提供理论依据,为中华绒螫蟹安全生产提供指导。同时通过非线性拟合得到中华绒螫蟹对饲料中Pb和Cd的富集速率常数k_1、排出速率常数k_2、生物富集系数BCF、生物半衰期B_(1/2),富集平衡时生物体内Pb和Cd含量CAmax等动力学参数。结果显示:①中华绒螫蟹对饲料中的Pb和Cd具有明显的富集,蟹鳃、肝胰腺和肌肉中Pb的含量与富集时间和饲料中Pb的添加量表现出了很好的正相关,在富集的第48天,各组织器官中Pb的含量达到最大,在鳃中的含量分别为0.18、1.14、1.27和1.91 mg/kg;肝胰腺中含量分别为1.00、2.17、2.33和3.50 mg/kg;肌肉中含量分别为0.18、0.73、1.00和1.35 mg/kg。鳃和肝胰腺对饲料中Cd的吸收与Pb情况类似,在富集的第48天,4个饲料组蟹鳃中的浓度值均达到最高,分别为0.026、0.073、0.107和0.154mg/kg;肝胰腺除了在C组实验的第24天含量达到最高,为1.90mg/kg外,其他3组实验,在富集的第48天含量达到最高分别为0.33、1.05和1.24 mg/kg,C组在第48天的含量有所降低,为1.76 mg/kg。但是肌肉中Cd含量没有明显的规律。②中华绒螫蟹对Pb和Cd的生物富集和释放都较缓慢。达到平衡状态时,鳃、肝胰腺、肌肉各组织器官中Pb含量分别为1.07~1.69、4.87~4.95、0.79~1.28 mg/kg,鳃、肝胰腺中Cd含量分别为0.06~0.14和1.25~2.66 mg/kg。Pb和Cd在组织器官中的生物富集系数(BCF)范围分别为0.03~0.48和0.03~0.87,中华绒螫蟹对Cd的富集能力明显高于Pb;Pb和Cd在各组织器官的生物学半衰期(B_(1/2))范围分别为9~67 d和8~48 d。中华绒螫蟹对Pb的排除能力明显低于Cd。③Pb和Cd在中华绒螫蟹组织器官中的富集具有选择性,在经不同含量Pb和Cd的饲料驯养后得到统一含量分布规律:肝胰腺鳃肌肉。     

Toxicity of cultured puffer fish and seasonal variations in China

To confirm the toxicity or the tetrodotoxin (TTX) content of cultured puffer fish in China, 565 specimens of cultured puffer fish (Takifugu rubripes, Takifugu fasciatus or Takifugu obscurus, Takifugu flavidus and Takifugu bimaculatus) were collected from five provinces from November 2007 to November 2008. The toxicity of the skin, muscle, liver and testis/ovary was examined using methods based on a mouse assay for TTX. The results indicated that the skin, muscle, liver and testis of specimens were ‘non‐toxic’ in both of the mouse assays [<10 mouse unit (MU) g^?1 or 2.2 μg g^?1] from the viewpoint of food hygiene. However, TTX was detected from an ovary sample of the cultured T. rubripes collected from the Shandong province in March 2008, which was 125.43 MU g^?1 tissue. The average TTX contents in the muscle, liver and skin of T. rubripes from Hebei and Shandong provinces were the highest in May or July (1.31, 0.90 and 0.62 MU g^?1, respectively, in Hebei, and 1.57, 0.32 and 0.16 MU g^?1, respectively, in Shandong) and the lowest in January (<0.1 MU g^?1 or 0.02 μg g^?1). Thus, non‐toxic cultured puffer fish could be produced successfully in mainland China.     

A simple method to distinguish two commercially valuable eel species in Japan <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">A. anguilla</Emphasis> using polymerase chain reaction strategy with a species-specific primer

In order to distinguish the two eel species Anguilla japonica and A. anguilla irrespective of unprocessed and processed samples, a quick, convenient method using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a species-specific primer was established. The comparison of partial sequences of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene between A. japonica and A. anguilla facilitated designing of a primer pair common to both A. japonica and A. anguilla and a primer specific to A. japonica. PCR was carried out with the three primers for total 110 specimens of A. japonica and A. anguilla. PCR products with the species-specific primer showed two bands for A. japonica and one band for A. anguilla in an agarose gel electrophoresis. This analytical procedure required only a short period and is more convenient than PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, one of the standard methods employed for fish species identification.     

Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin analysis of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alexandrium</Emphasis> (Dinophyceae) occurring in Korean coastal waters

ABSTRACT:   Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins produced by Alexandrium isolates from Korea were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromography. Species designation of the regional isolates was determined by morphological criteria and ribotyping inferred from sequences of the 28S rDNA D1-D2 region. Toxin analysis performed at the exponential growth phase, revealed that the two strains of A. fraterculus were non-toxic, while the strains of A. tamarense and A. catenella were toxic. Toxic isolates DPC7 and DPC8 of A. catenella produced GTX1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dcGTX2, 3, C1, 2, neoSTX and STX with trace or non-detectable levels of C3 and C4, while isolates UL7, KDW981, SJW97043, SJW97046, KJC97111 and KJC97112 of A. tamarense produced GTX1, 2, 3, 4, dcGTX3, C1, 2, neoSTX with trace or non-detectable levels of C3, 4, dcSTX and STX, and no GTX5 and dcGTX2. The major toxins produced by A. catenella were C1 +2, and those of A. tamarense were C1 +2 and GTX4 in most of the isolates. A. tamarense strains other than SJW97046 produced a relatively high proportion of carbamate toxins, reflecting the high toxicity scores of shellfish intoxication in sampled coastal areas. Two representative toxic isolates, A. tamarense SJW97043 and A. catenella DPC7, were cultured for 30 days in batch mode and subjected to toxin analysis at 5-day intervals. Comparison of toxin productivity in terms of total toxin content, toxin components, and their variations with culture age revealed marked differences between the two strains.     

Effects of dietary fish oil replacement with blended vegetable oils on growth,lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity of subadult swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus

A 120‐day trial was conducted to assess the effects of dietary fish oil replacement with vegetable oils on growth, lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity of subadult swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to replace 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000g/kg of fish oil with a mixture of soybean and rapeseed oil (defined as D1–D5), and each treatment had 30 replicate crabs. Dietary fish oil replacement had no significant effects on growth of the crabs, while the D3 had the highest hepatosomatic index and total lipids in hepatopancreas. The triglyceride and lipase activities in hepatopancreas increased significantly with increasing dietary fish oil replacement. The D4 had the highest levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the hepatopancreas, as well as the haemolymph ALP, ACP and peroxidase. The highest levels of haemolymph total antioxidant capacity, catalase and malondialdehyde were detected in D1. Total n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids levels in hepatopancreas decreased significantly with increasing dietary fish oil replacement. In conclusion, dietary fish oil replacement had no significant effects on growth of P. trituberculatus, and 500g/kg of fish oil replacement could improve antioxidant capacity, but excessive replacement level will enhance lipid accumulation and peroxidation in the hepatopancreas.     

Feeding physiology of the Argentine mussel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mytilus edulis platensis</Emphasis> (d’Orbigny, 1846): does it feed faster in suspended culture systems?

The feeding behavior of Mytilus edulis platensis, one of the most important aquaculture resources on the East Coast of southern South America, was studied by analyzing clearance rate (CR) and ingestion rate (IR) to test the hypothesis that cultivated mussels can attain higher clearance and ingestion rates than their wild counterparts. A number of morphometric relationships between cultivated and wild mussels were also compared. Gill surface (GS) growth relative to length (L) is isometric in M. e. platensis, with no significant differences between wild and cultivated mussels. At low food concentrations (<15 Chaetoceros gracilis cells μl⁻¹), the CR is maximum and similar in both cultivated and wild mussels, decreasing when the concentration of experimental food surpasses a threshold level. This concentration threshold is higher in cultivated mussels than in wild ones. While culture conditions do not affect either GS growth or potential CR, they do affect CR regulation patterns in response to fluctuations in food concentration, allowing the attainment of higher maximum IR.     

Effect of dietary lipids and vitamin E on growth performance,body composition,anti‐oxidative ability and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

Vitamin E supplement is important in protecting lipid oxidation and enhancing immunity of aquatic animals. A 10‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary lipid and vitamin E on juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. The experimental diets included three levels of vitamin E (0, 100 and 300 mg kg^?1) and two levels of lipid (6% and 9%). The 9% lipid diet significantly enhanced the body lipid of crabs compared with the 6% lipid diet. The vitamin E concentration of hepatopancreas increased with the increase in vitamin E in the diets regardless of dietary lipid levels. The hepatopancreas fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acid and highly unsaturated fatty acid, were significantly enhanced by vitamin E supplement or 9% dietary lipid. Vitamin E supplement significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, lysozyme and phenoloxidase activities of crabs compared with those fed the diets without vitamin E supplement. The hepatopancreas malondialdehyde of crabs fed 100 mg vitamin E kg^?1 was significantly lower than those fed 0 or 300 mg vitamin E kg^?1. The phenoloxidase activity of crabs fed the 9% lipid diet was significantly higher than those fed 6% lipid, irrespective of vitamin E levels. Vitamin E supplementation increased the bacterial resistance of juvenile crab. This study indicates that dietary lipid and vitamin E supplement do not affect crab growth and survival, but vitatmin E supplement at 100 mg kg^?1 can enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity of crab fed 6% or 9% dietary lipids.     

中华绒螯蟹的摄食节律

为了探究中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)最适宜的投喂时间,本实验将120只初重约68 g的幼蟹随机分养在24个塑料缸(70 cm×40 cm×50 cm)中。采用一次饱食投喂(将昼夜分为8个时间点:10:00、13:00、16:00、19:00、22:00、01:00、04:00、07:00,每个时间段作为1个处理组,每天每个处理组饱食投喂1次)的方法研究中华绒螯蟹的昼夜摄食节律。结果显示,幼蟹在不同投喂时间点表现出24 h周期性的摄食节律,且总摄食高峰期在22:00。从其中6d的平均摄食量可以看出,河蟹主要在19:00~22:00时间段摄食;在肝胰腺酶活性方面,淀粉酶活性在19:00~22:00内高于其他各组,且在22:00获得最高值;脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶和钠钾ATP酶酶活性有相似的变化趋势,在13:00~22:00时间段这些酶的酶活呈现上升的趋势,且最高值均在22:00获得。在相关摄食基因表达方面,肝胰腺中Leptin基因的相对表达量在22:00点显著低于13:00和16:00,与其他各组相比差异不显著(P0.05);肠道中胆囊收缩素(CCK)基因的相对表达量在22:00点显示出最低值,与10:00、13:00、04:00和07:00点相比差异显著(P0.05)。综上所述,中华绒螯蟹存在明显的摄食节律,这可能与光照紧密相关,最适宜的投喂时间为22:00。     

Oxidative damages by cadmium and the protective effects of low‐molecular‐weight chitosan in the freshwater crab (Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott 1967)

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant and has posed a potential threat for the growth and survival of freshwater crabs. Low‐molecular‐weight chitosan (LMWC) may promote growth in crab culture. The present study was designed to investigate the Cd‐induced oxidative damage and the protective role of LMWC against oxidation caused by Cd²⁺ in freshwater crab (Sinopotamon yangtsekiense Bott 1967). The results showed that Cd²⁺ significantly inhibited the activities of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and peroxidase, while it increased malondialdehyde levels in the hepatopancreas and the gill. Moreover, Cd²⁺ at the concentration tested obviously increased the protein carbonyl contents and DNA–protein crosslinks coefficients in the hepatopancreas, gill, heart and muscle tissues of S. yangtsekiense in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, Cd²⁺ induced a significant increase in the levels of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the hepatopancreas, gill and muscle. The results also showed that LMWC plus Cd²⁺ significantly improved antioxidant markers. The observations suggested that the severe oxidative damage in multiple crab tissues was one of the important causes of the adverse influence of Cd²⁺ on S. yangtsekiense growth and indicated that LMWC could provide a protective effect against such an injury.     

Digestive enzyme response to supplemental ingredients in practical diets for juvenile freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus

A feeding trial was conducted to determine digestive enzyme activity in Cherax quadricarinatus in response to diet composition. Eight experimental diets, each containing one of squid, red crab, sardine (600 and 650 g kg^?1 crude protein), sorghum, wheat meal, soy paste and the reference diet were evaluated over 30 days in terms of amylase, lipase, and protease activities in the hepatopancreas. The diet containing wheat meal produced the highest amylase activity. Lipase activity was not significantly different among treatments. Protease activity was higher in animals fed fish meal (60 g kg^?1 protein), soy paste and reference diet. Results suggest that C. quadricarinatus can modify hepatopancreatic enzyme levels in response to different compounds in the diet and can digest a broad variety of ingredients, particularly starch.     

中华绒螯蟹脂肪酸延长酶(ELOVL)基因全长cDNA 的克隆及其表达分析

根据脂肪酸延长酶保守区序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术首次克隆得到中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)脂肪酸延长酶(ELOVL)基因全长(Gen Bank登录号:KR005628)。分析ELOVL序列表明,该基因c DNA全长2089 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长1065 bp(包含终止密码子),编码的354个氨基酸具有典型的延长酶特征:1个高度保守的氧化还原中心组氨酸簇HVIHH,多个保守区和多个跨膜区(KFTEFLDT、NTFVHIVMYVYY、TNFQMI)。经氨基酸同源性和系统发育树分析,中华绒螯蟹ELOVL预测氨基酸序列与顶切叶蚁(Acromyrmex echinatior)ELOVL氨基酸序列相似性最高,为59%;同时与家蝇(Musca domestica)聚为一支,进而与日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)等聚为一大支。通过实时荧光定量PCR技术研究ELOVL m RNA在中华绒螯蟹不同组织中的表达量,及投喂不同配合饲料后在可食部位组织中的表达情况。结果显示,ELOVL在各组织中均有表达,在肝胰腺和肠道中表达量最高,心脏中最低,其他组织中少量表达。养殖98 d后分析表明,卵巢和肝胰腺组织中ELOVL m RNA在SO饲料组中表达量最高,并且表达水平随着饲料中鱼油(富含n-3 PUFA)比例减少、豆油(缺少n-3 PUFA)比例增加而显著升高(P0.05);精巢组织中ELOVL m KNA表达量在SO饲料组中最高;肌肉组织中ELOVL m KNA表达水平较低,且各饲料组间表达量差异不显著(P0.05)。以上结果表明,中华绒螯蟹存在ELOVL基因,并且ELOVL的表达受饲料脂肪水平的影响,这为探究中华绒螯蟹自身合成HUFA途径及调节机制奠定了基础。     

Improvement of larval rearing technique for mass seed production of snow crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chionoecetes opilio</Emphasis>

Larval rearing experiments were conducted to examine the potential for mass seed production of the snow crab Chionoecetes opilio using a total of eight 20-kL tanks. Tanks were equipped with agitators, which move the water using a rectangular blade to prevent the zoeas sinking to the bottom of the tank. Larval rearing water was treated with sodium nifurstyrenate once a week to reduce the chance of larval infection by pathogenic bacteria. Zo eas were fed with rotifers and Artemia nauplii. A total of 122 830 megalops and 16 660 first-stage crabs were produced. Thus, the potential for mass seed production of snow crab was determined. Survival rates up to the megalopal stage were high in tanks with a feeding regime that fed rotifers to larvae through an entire zoeal stage. This study also describes the fatty acid composition of snow crab larvae. It revealed that the first zoeas had a high DHA content and DHA/EPA ratio, but these values significantly decreased in the second stage zoeas and megalops. Improving the DHA content and/or DHA/EPA ratio of larvae should be important in studies on mass seed production technology of the snow crab.