浙江省单季稻产量差异原因分析

2007年,在浙江省省仙居县、新昌县、天台县、富阳渔山和万市等6个市县乡选取127个取样点调查当地主栽品种的产量。按不同产量水平选取代表样点,调查和测定不同产量水平的产量结构;分析和明确导致产量差异的主要产量构成因子差异,为栽培技术提供依据。     

四川丘区蜜蜂不同放置点对油菜制种产量的影响研究

2006-2010年在四川丘区多个油菜制种基地连续开展定点试验和调查,研究了油菜制种产量随蜜蜂放置点的不同而变化的情况,对不同油菜制种田块与蜜蜂放置的直线距离和制种产量差异进行了研究。结果显示：不同油菜制种田块的制种产量与蜜蜂放置的直线距离存在显著差异。四川丘区油菜制种生产主要依赖蜜蜂辅助授粉,近几年,油菜花期灾害性气候频繁发生,对蜜蜂授粉影响很大,油菜制种产量普遍降低。针对这一问题,研究了如何在油菜制种区合理摆放蜜蜂点,最大限度地提高蜜蜂的使用率,降低灾害性气候对油菜制种产量的影响,为创新和优化油菜制种技术提供理论依据。     

香草兰的钙素营养与钙肥施用

对海南几个不同生产水平的香草兰种植园进行调查，以及对香草兰进行田间和盆栽试验研究，结果表明：不同产量水平的香草兰种植园片钙含量存在显的差异，施用石灰能促进香草兰的生长，增加叶片数，蔓粗，蔓长，提高香草兰豆荚的产量，提供钙素营养，增加植株含钙量，减轻病害的发生。     

郑单958和先玉335在不同区域的产量比较

试验以郑单958和先玉335为材料,采用3点3神密度3次重复的裂区试验设计,分析两个品种的产量差异。结果表明：两个品种均适宜当前的生产,但在不同地区间产量存在显著性差异,先玉335更适宜本溪和北京点生产,郑单958更适宜北京和郑州点生产。     

丹东地区水稻品种产量稳定性研究

以29个区域试验的水稻品种(系)为试材,研究了水稻的产量和产量的稳定性。结果表明,不同水稻品种的产量差异、不同地点的产量差异和品种与地点间的产量互作差异都达极显著水平。辽星1号、港育10号和东研7号具有较好的产量、丰产性和稳产性,适宜在丹东地区种植。     

新疆冬小麦不同产量水平群体特性分析

为探明新疆冬小麦不同产量层次群体特性与产量之间的关系,以冬小麦品种新冬41号为材料,采用不同施肥和栽培管理措施,使其形成超高产(≥9000 kg·hm~(-2))、高产(7500～9000 kg·hm~(-2))、农户(6 000～7 500 kg·hm~(-2))三个产量水平群体,比较分析了不同产量水平间小麦群体的特征、产量及其结构差异。结果表明,超高产、高产和农户小麦间穗数差异不显著;随着产量水平的提高,穗粒数增加,不同产量水平间均差异显著;超高产、高产小麦间千粒重差异不显著,但显著高于农户小麦。随产量水平的提升,孕穗期、开花期、灌浆期的LAI及群体叶面积持续时间、光合势、LAI增长率和生长率均逐渐增加,群体净同化率在不同产量水平间差异不显著。小麦超高产、高产栽培的关键为在获得适宜收获穗数的基础上,主攻穗粒数与千粒重的协调增加。提高穗粒数是实现超高产、缩小产量差的关键。超高产、高产小麦应在孕穗期适宜光合面积的基础上,花后维持较高的光合面积,提高生物重和籽粒重。     

栽培密度对优质鲜食型甘薯农艺性状及产量的影响

为了探讨不同密度处理对优质鲜食型甘薯农艺性状和产量的影响,选用优质鲜食型甘薯品种广薯87和福薯8号开展研究。结果表明:不同密度水平对2个甘薯品种的蔓长、蔓重、单株结薯数、单株薯重及商品薯率等主要农艺性状均有重要影响,2个品种表现不一;在不同密度水平下福薯8号产量水平部分间达极显著性差异,其中以5.4万株/hm~2的栽培密度时,其产量最高达45 562.50 kg/hm~2,不同栽培密度水平下广薯87无显著性差异。2个甘薯品种需选择适宜的栽培密度进行种植才能达到高产、高效。     

大豆花叶病毒（SMV）流行的产量损失及其模型预测

网室接种和田间调查测定SMV引致大豆的产量损失证明,SMV侵染大豆植株愈是在生育早期产量损失愈重。盛花期以后发病的植株产量损失显著减小,鼓粒初期的病株几乎无产量损失。SMV不同毒株引致的产量损失显著不同,强毒株的侵染,引致感病品种的产量损失平均超过弱毒株的40％。根据不同初侵染水平的30组SMV流行与产量损失数据,采用逐步回归分析,建立了准确度较高的产量损失预测多点模型和单点模型。根据损失测定,大豆盛花期的SMV病株率低于3％可控制SMV流行所造成的产量损失。     

不同氮肥施用量对不同水稻品种产量及食味品质的影响

氮肥是影响水稻产量和品质的重要因素。本试验选取13个水稻品种为供试材料,设置三个氮肥施用水平,结果表明：选取的材料中,有9个品种在施氮量15 kg/667 m2水平下产量最高,2个品种的产量随施氮量递减而增加,2个品种的产量随施氮量增加而增加;在食味品质方面,13个品种的食味值可以在低氮处理下达到最高水平。     

不同嫁接方法对(北方)番茄栽培的影响研究

[目的]研究不同嫁接方法对番茄幼苗生长的影响差异.[方法]选用3个常用砧木材料,采用生产中常用嫁接成活率较高的劈接法和套管法进行嫁接,调查不同嫁接方法嫁接效率、成活率、嫁接苗抗病性、产量及品质等指标.[结果]套管法嫁接比劈接法嫁接效率高30％,田间抗病性更好,产量高12％,不同砧木嫁接苗抗病性、产量差异显著,JZM鄄1...     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。