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1.
Impacts of 22-year organic and inorganic N managements on soil organic C fractions in a maize field,northeast China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Impacts of 22-year organic and inorganic N managements on total organic carbon (TOC), water-soluble organic C (WSOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), particulate organic C (POC) and KMnO4 oxidized organic C (KMnO4-C) concentrations, C management index (CMI), and C storage in surface soil (0–20 cm) were investigated in a maize (Zea may L.) field experiment, Northeast China. The treatments included, CK: unfertilized control, M: organic manure (135 kg N ha− 1 year− 1), N: inorganic N fertilizer (135 kg N ha− 1 year− 1) and MN: combination of organic manure (67.5 kg N ha− 1 year− 1) and inorganic N fertilizer (67.5 kg N ha− 1 year− 1). TOC concentration and C storage were significantly increased under the M and MN treatments, but not under the inorganic N treatment. The organic treatments of M and MN were more effective in increasing WSOC, MBC, POC and KMnO4-C concentrations and CMI than the N treatment. The M treatment was most effective for sequestrating SOC (10.6 Mg ha− 1) and showed similar increase in degree of grain yield to the N and MN treatments, therefore it could be the best option for improving soil productivity and C storage in the maize cropping system. 相似文献
2.
Nematode density and biodiversity in maize field soil treated with compost, chemical fertilizer and with no amendments were investigated in a multi-year field experiment at the Qu-Zhou experimental station, China Agricultural University. The soils were collected from the upper (0–20 cm) soil layer during the maize growing stages in 2004. The results demonstrated that significant differences for the total nematode density, bacterivores, fungivores, plant parasites and omnivores-predators density were found between treatments and between dates. The total nematode density and bacterivores density were greater in compost-treated soil than in chemical fertilizer-treated soil, and were greater in chemical fertilizer-treated soil than in control soil during all sampling periods. The total nematodes density ranged from 106 to 657 individuals per 100 g dry soil in the present study. Total 40 nematode genera were found in all treatments and sampling periods, and 12 genera were bacterivores, 4 genera were fungivores, 16 genera were plant parasites and 8 genera were omnivores-predators. Cephalobus, Rhabditis, Tylenchorhynchus, Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus and Rotylenchus were dominant genera in present study. The plant parasites and bacterivores were dominant trophic groups. The ratio of bacterivores plus fungivores to plant parasites was higher in compost-treated soil compared to chemical fertilizer-treated soil except October. Maturity index and combined maturity index were lower in compost-treated soil compared to chemical fertilizer-treated and control soil except July. The plant parasite index was higher in compost-treated soil compared to chemical fertilizer-treated soil except July. The multi-year application of compost and chemical fertilizer had effected on soil nematode population density and community structure. 相似文献
3.
A long-term field experiment was established to determine the influence of mineral fertilizer (NPK) or organic manure (composed of wheat straw, oil cake and cottonseed cake) on soil fertility. A tract of calcareous fluvo-aquic soil (aquic inceptisol) in the Fengqiu State Key Experimental Station for Ecological Agriculture (Fengqiu county, Henan province, China) was fertilized beginning in September 1989 and N2O emissions were examined during the maize and wheat growth seasons of 2002-2003. The study involved seven treatments: organic manure (OM), half-organic manure plus half-fertilizer N (1/2 OMN), fertilizer NPK (NPK), fertilizer NP (NP), fertilizer NK (NK), fertilizer PK (PK) and control (CK). Manured soils had higher organic C and N contents, but lower pH and bulk densities than soils receiving the various mineralized fertilizers especially those lacking P, indicating that long-term application of manures could efficiently prevent the leaching of applied N from and increase N content in the plowed layer. The application of manures and fertilizers at a rate of 300 kg N ha−1 year−1 significantly increased N2O emissions from 150 g N2O-N ha−1 year−1 in the CK treatment soil to 856 g N2O-N ha−1 year−1 in the OM treatment soil; however, there was no significant difference between the effect of fertilizer and manure on N2O emission. More N2O was released during the 102-day maize growth season than during the 236-day wheat growth season in the N-fertilized soils but not in N-unfertilized soils. N2O emission was significantly affected by soil moisture during the maize growth season and by soil temperature during the wheat growth season. In sum, this study showed that manure added to a soil tested did not result in greater N2O emission than treatment with a N-containing fertilizer, but did confer greater benefits for soil fertility and the environment. 相似文献
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5.
有机肥替代部分无机肥对华北农田土壤理化特性、酶活性及作物产量的影响 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
以华北平原农田土壤为研究对象,2012~2015年连续4年研究了有机肥替代部分无机肥对土壤中养分含量、土壤酶活性和作物产量的影响。结果表明:1)0.3M处理(70%无机肥+3000 kg/hm2有机肥)和0.5 M处理(50%无机肥+6000 kg/hm2有机肥)与NPK处理(单施无机肥)相比都提高了土壤中全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,且0.5 M高于0.3 M,说明有机肥替代无机肥的比例越高,土壤中全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量就越高。2)土壤中脲酶活性大小顺序NPK>0.3 M>0.5 M>CK,蔗糖酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性为0.5 M>0.3 M>NPK,说明有机肥可以显著提高蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性。3)小麦4年累计产量0.3 M处理比NPK处理提高5.95%,0.5 M处理比NPK处理降低0.94%,;玉米4年累计产量则是0.3 M比NPK处理降低1.27%,0.5 M处理比NPK处理降低2.00%。综上所述,本研究表明,有机肥替代30%无机肥处理能够保证粮食产量,有机肥替代50%无机肥处理更能提高土壤肥力。 相似文献
6.
等氮条件下长期有机无机配施对春玉米的氮素吸收利用和土壤无机氮的影响 总被引:17,自引:7,他引:17
【目的】研究等氮量投入条件下,长期使用不同有机物料替代无机肥的适宜比例对玉米氮养分累积、运移和氮肥利用效率和产量的影响,可以为吉林黑土区春玉米高效施肥,维持并提高土壤肥力提供理论依据。【方法】以国家(公主岭)黑土肥力与肥料效益长期定位试验为研究平台,玉米品种郑单958为供试作物,设5个不同处理,即:不施肥(CK)、氮肥(N)、氮磷钾化肥(NPK)、粪肥+NPK(MNPK)、秸秆还田+NPK(SNPK)。在玉米苗期、拔节期、大喇叭口期、抽丝期、灌浆期和成熟期采集地上部植株样品,分析玉米植株不同部位的氮含量和累积量以及运移比例,计算氮肥利用效率。【结果】在玉米各生育时期,MNPK处理氮素累积量均高于NPK和SNPK处理;拔节期至大喇叭口期氮素累积量为19.67~86.44 kg/hm2,其中MNPK氮素累积量达到86.44 kg/hm2,为氮素累积量增加最多、吸收速率最快的时期;在成熟期,MNPK、NPK、SNPK、N和CK处理植株氮素总累积量分别达到286.2、276.2、249.4、151.7和63.6 kg/hm2,SNPK处理氮素累积量略低于NPK处理,MNPK显著高于NPK和SNPK(P0.05)。MNPK、SNPK、NPK和N处理中,叶和茎鞘总氮素转移量分别为99.0、79.7、87.2和41.8 kg/hm2,总的转移氮素对籽粒的贡献率分别为51.0%、47.7%、47.2%和43.4%,以MNPK处理的总氮素转移量和转移氮素对籽粒贡献率最高,与其他处理差异显著。在各处理中,MNPK、NPK和SNPK三个处理的氮肥偏生产力(PFP)均大于60kg/kg,以MNPK最高,达到65.4 kg/kg。与化肥NPK处理比较,SNPK氮素偏生产力和收获指数差异不显著。MNPK处理土壤无机氮的含量在玉米整个生育期一直高于化肥NPK处理,并在玉米大喇叭口期达到最高,达到60.83 mg/kg,并与其他处理差异显著。【结论】长期有机无机配合施用,不仅能有效调节氮素积累和转运,还能提高氮肥利用效率。在适宜氮用量为165 kg/hm2时,以农家肥氮替代70%,或秸秆氮替代30%化肥氮素,既减少化肥氮投入,又增加了土壤供氮能力,因此,有机肥氮替代部分化肥氮是吉林省黑土区春玉米氮素管理的有效途径之一。 相似文献
7.
等氮配施有机肥对喀斯特峰丛洼地农田作物产量与养分平衡的影响 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
基于自2006年在广西喀斯特峰丛洼地区开展的长期玉米/大豆套作定位施肥试验,选择2010—2014年监测数据,探讨等氮量投入条件下,不同比例有机肥替代无机氮肥对喀斯特峰丛洼地玉米/大豆套作系统作物产量及土壤养分的影响,为喀斯特峰丛洼地农田作物高效施肥及提高土壤肥力提供理论依据。试验选取4个处理:对照(不施肥,CK)、平衡施用化肥(NPK)、有机粪肥替代30%化肥氮(C7M3,按氮素计算,不足30%的PK用无机肥补充,肥料总量与NPK处理相同,有机粪肥为牛粪,下同)、有机粪肥替代60%化肥氮(C4M6,按氮素计算,不足60%的PK用无机肥补充),每个处理4次重复。于2010年、2012年、2014年大豆收获后采集土壤样品,测定土壤养分状况。结果表明:1)施肥处理土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷及速效钾含量均高于CK处理,其中C4M6处理有机质含量显著高于NPK处理(P0.05),全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量随着有机粪肥施用量的增加而增加。2)长期不同施肥处理玉米和大豆产量分别是不施肥处理的4.15~4.36倍、2.47~2.58倍。不同施肥处理的增产效果为C4M6NPKC7M3,但施肥处理间差异不显著(P0.05)。3)长期不施肥CK处理玉米产量随着试验年限推移呈下降趋势,降幅为5.45 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1),大豆产量却表现出增加趋势,增幅为1.50 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1)。长期施肥处理中,玉米和大豆产量总体呈增加趋势。4)施肥处理中,玉米季表现为钾素亏缺(NPK处理除外),大豆季表现为氮素亏缺。综合两季作物,只有C4M6钾素表现亏缺,亏缺量为7.9 kg·hm~(-2)。磷素在各施肥处理中盈余量较大,分别为81.2 kg·hm~(-2)(NPK)、83.4 kg·hm~(-2)(C7M3)和74.8 kg·hm~(-2)(C4M6)。综上,在喀斯特峰丛洼地玉米/大豆套作制度下,基于作物产量及土壤养分表观平衡特征提出有机粪肥可以代替部分化肥施用,在玉米季适当"减氮、稳磷和增钾",大豆季"稳氮、减磷和减钾"的施肥措施。 相似文献
8.
好氧发酵猪粪部分替代化肥提高夏玉米氮素利用率和土壤肥力 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
9.
A long-term field experiment was conducted to examine the influence of mineral fertilizer and organic manure on the equilibrium dynamics of soil organic C in an intensively cultivated fluvo-aquic soil in the Fengqiu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station (Fengqiu county, Henan province, China) since September 1989. Soil CO2 flux was measured during the maize and wheat growing seasons in 2002-2003 and 2004 to evaluate the response of soil respiration to additions and/or alterations in mineral fertilizer, organic manure and various environmental factors. The study included seven treatments: organic manure (OM), half-organic manure plus half-fertilizer N (NOM), fertilizer NPK (NPK), fertilizer NP (NP), fertilizer NK (NK), fertilizer PK (PK) and control (CK). Organic C in soil and the soil heavy fraction (organo-mineral complex) was increased from 4.47 to 8.61 mg C g−1 and from 3.32 to 5.68 mg C g−1, respectively, after the 13 yr application of organic manure. In contrast, organic C and the soil heavy fraction increased in NPK soil to only 5.41 and 4.38 mg C g−1, respectively. In the CK treatment, these parameters actually decreased from the initial C concentrations (4.47 and 3.32 mg C g−1) to 3.77 and 3.11 mg C g−1, respectively. Therefore, organic manure efficiently elevated soil organic C. However, only 66% of the increased soil organic C was combined with clay minerals in the OM treatment. Cumulative soil CO2 emissions from inter-row soil in the OM and NPK treatments were 228 and 188 g C m−2 during the 2002 maize growing season, 132 and 123 g C m−2 during the 2002/2003 wheat growing season, and 401 and 346 g C m−2 yr−1 in 2002-2003, respectively. However, during the 2004 maize growing season, cumulative soil CO2 emissions were as high as 617 and 556 g C m−2, respectively, due to the contribution of rhizosphere respiration. The addition of organic manure contributed to a 16% increase in soil CO2 emission in 2002-2003 (compared to NPK), where only 27%, 36% and 24% of applied organic C was released as CO2 during the 2002 and 2004 maize growing seasons and in 2002-2003, respectively. During the 2002/2003 wheat growing season, soil CO2 flux was significantly affected by soil temperature below 20 °C, but by soil moisture (WFPS) during the 2004 maize growing season at soil temperatures above 18 °C. Optimum soil WFPS for soil CO2 flux was approximately 70%. When WFPS was below 50%, it no longer had a significant impact on soil CO2 flux during the 2002 maize growing season. This study indicates the application of organic manure composted with wheat straw may be a preferred strategy for increasing soil organic C and sequestering C in soil. 相似文献
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《Applied soil ecology》2006,32(3):186-198
Comparisons of organic and inorganic fertilizer effects on nematode communities depend on the specific organic fertilizer used. Field experiments were conducted during 2001 and 2002 in a squash (Cucurbita pepo) agroecosystem to determine if applying sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) hay as an organic fertilizer improved nematode communities involved in soil nutrient cycling compared to an equivalent N rate (100 kg N/ha) of ammonium nitrate. Fertilizer source had minimal effect on nematode communities in 2001 when treatments were applied after a winter cover crop of oats (Avena sativa), but differences (P ≤ 0.05) between the fertilizer sources occurred in 2002 when no winter cover cropping preceded squash. Fertilization with sunn hemp hay increased abundance of the bacterivore guilds Ba1 and Ba2, and increased fungivores at the end of the experiment. Compared to ammonium nitrate, fertilization with sunn hemp hay resulted in a community with lower maturity index, higher enrichment index, and lower channel index, consistent with a disturbed and nutrient-enriched soil food web undergoing bacterial decomposition. Sunn hemp hay occasionally stimulated omnivorous nematodes, but suppressed plant-parasitic nematodes relative to ammonium nitrate fertilizer. Increasing the sunn hemp hay rate to 200 kg N/ha increased the abundance of bacterivores, fungivores, and predatory nematodes, and total nematode abundance compared to hay at 100 kg N/ha. Fertilization with ammonium nitrate increased the percentage of herbivores, but reduced percentage and abundance of omnivores. In conclusion, sunn hemp fertilizer maintained greater numbers of nematodes involved in nutrient cycling as compared to ammonium nitrate. 相似文献
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长期施用不同肥料对小麦玉米间作产量、氮吸收利用和土壤硝态氮累积的影响 总被引:12,自引:4,他引:12
对连续14年施用不同肥料后,春小麦.春玉米间作下,土壤硝态氮的累积和分布,作物产量及对氮素的吸收利用进行了研究。结果表明,在施农家肥120t.hm2(M)、绿肥45t.hm2(G)、秸杆10.5t.hm2(S)、N375kg.hm2(N)、农家肥60t.hm2+N187.5kg.hm2[1/2(M+N)]、绿肥22.5t.hm2+N187.5kg.hm2[1/2(G+N)]、秸杆5.25t.hm2+N187.5kg.hm2[1/2(S+N)]和CK等8个处理中,土壤剖面硝态氮的累积和分布以N处理最高,地上部N浓度和吸N量以N、1/2(M+N)和1/2(G+N)处理较高,但3处理间无明显差别。间作小麦子粒产量和生物学产量以M、G、1/2(M+N)和1/2(G+N)等处理较高,间作玉米子粒产量和生物学产量以1/2(G+N)、N、G和1/2(M+N)等处理较高。氮肥利用率以1/2(S+N)处理最高,1/2(M+N)和1/2(G+N)低于1/2(S+N)、S和N处理,但高于M、G处理。说明氮肥与农家肥或绿肥配合施用,既能增加作物产量,提高氮素吸收利用,又可减少土壤中硝态氮的累积。 相似文献
12.
Wei Gong Xiaoyuan Yan Jingyan Wang Tingxing Hu Yuanbo Gong 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(7):767-775
The objective of this study was to evaluate plant-available N pools and the role of N management index (NMI) in the surface
(0–20 cm) of a fluvo-aquic soil after 18 years of fertilization treatments under a wheat–maize cropping system in the North
China Plain. The experiment included seven treatments: (1) NPK, balanced application of chemical fertilizer NPK; (2) OM, application
of organic manure; (3) 1/2OMN, application of half organic manure plus chemical fertilizer NPK; (4) NP, application of chemical
fertilizer NP; (5) PK, application of chemical fertilizer PK; (6) NK, application of chemical fertilizer NK; and (7) CK, unfertilized
control. Total organic N (TON), microbial biomass N (MBN), labile N (LN), inorganic N (ION, including ammonium (NH4+)–N and nitrate (NO3−)–N) contents, net ammonification rate (NAR), net nitrification rate (NNR), net N mineralization rate (NNMR), and NMI in the
fertilized treatments were higher than in the unfertilized treatment. Application of chemical fertilizer N (NPK, NP, and NK)
increased ION in soils, compared with application of organic N or control. Nitrate N prevailed over exchangeable NH4+–N in all treatments. Nitrogen storage of the OM- and 1/2OMN-treated soils increased by 50.0% and 24.3%, respectively, over
the NPK-treated soil, which had 5.4–22.5% more N than NP-, PK-, and NK-treated soils. The MBN, LN, and ION accounted for 1.7–2.4%,
25.7–34.2%, and 1.4–2.9% of TON, respectively, in different fertilization treatments. The surface soils (0–20-cm layer) in
all treatments mineralized 43.6–152.9 kg N ha–1 year–1 for crop growth. Microbial biomass N was probably the better predictor of N mineralization, as it was correlated significantly
(P < 0.01) with NNMR. The OM and 1/2OMN treatments were not an optimal option for farmers when the crop yield and labor cost
were taken into consideration but an optimal option for increasing soil N supply capacity and N sequestration in soil. The
NPK treatment showed the highest crop yields and increased soil N fractions through crop residues and exudates input, and
thus, it may be considered as a sustainable system in the North China Plain. 相似文献
13.
Atsushi Hayakawa Hiroko Akiyama Shigeto Sudo Kazuyuki Yagi 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(3):521-529
Animal manures from intensive livestock operations can be pelleted to improve handlings and recyclings of embodied nutrients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pelleted poultry manure on N2O and NO fluxes from an Andisol field. In autumn 2006 and summer 2007, poultry manure (PM), pelleted poultry manure (PP), and chemical fertilizer (CF) were applied at a rate of 120 kg N ha−1 in each cultivation period to Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. peruviridis). Nitrous oxide and NO fluxes were measured using an automated monitoring system. A soil incubation experiment was also conducted to determine the influence of intact and ground pelleted manure on N2O, NO, and CO2 production with a water-filled pore space (WFPS) of 30 or 50%. In the field measurements, N2O emission rates from the organic fertilizer treatments were larger than that from the CF treatment, possibly because organic C stimulated denitrification. The highest N2O flux was observed from the PP treatment after a rainfall following fertilization, and the cumulative emission rate (2.72 ± 0.22 kg N ha−1 y−1) was 3.9 and 7.1 times that from the PM and CF treatments, respectively. In contrast, NO emission rates were highest from the CF treatment. The NO/N2O flux ratio indicated that nitrification was the dominant process for NO and N2O production from the CF treatment. Cumulative N2O emission rates from all treatments were generally higher during the wetter cultivation period (autumn 2006) than during the drier cultivation period (summer 2007). In contrast, NO emission rates were higher in the drier than in the wetter cultivation period. The incubation experiment results showed a synergistic effect of soil moisture and the pelleted manure form on N2O emission rates. The intact pelleted manure with the 50% WFPS treatment produced the highest N2O and CO2 fluxes and resulted in the lowest soil NO3− content after the incubation. These results indicate that anaerobic conditions inside the pellets, caused by rainfall and heterotrophic microbial activities, led to denitrification, resulting in high N2O fluxes. Controlling the timing of N application by avoiding wet conditions might be one mitigation option to reduce N2O emission rates from the PP treatment in this study field. 相似文献
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覆膜滴灌条件下氮肥运筹对玉米氮素吸收利用和土壤无机氮含量的影响 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
为解决吉林省半干旱区覆膜滴灌条件下合理施氮问题,通过两年(2016—2017年)田间试验,研究了覆膜滴灌等氮量投入条件下,不同运筹模式(N1:100%基肥;N2:50%基肥+50%拔节肥;N3:30%基肥+50%拔节肥+10%大口肥+10%开花肥;N4:20%基肥+30%拔节肥+20%大口肥+20%开花肥+10%灌浆肥)对春玉米产量、氮素利用效率、关键生长节点氮素积累特征以及生育期内土壤无机氮含量变化和氮素平衡的影响。结果表明,分次施氮各处理(N2、N3、N4)玉米产量显著高于100%基肥处理(N1),其中N4处理玉米产量最高,较N1处理分别提高22.44%(2016年)和35.31%(2017年)。与N1处理相比,N2、N3、N4显著提高了玉米氮素吸收利用率、农学利用率和偏生产力,提高幅度依次为52.02%~83.21%、63.69%~120.78%、11.85%~22.46%(2016年)和92.44%~129.38%、127.23%~203.09%、22.10%~34.01%(2017年),且均以N4处理最高。施氮显著提高了玉米拔节期至成熟期氮积累量,其中开花期至成熟期氮积累量以N4处理最高。与N1处理相比,N2、N3、N4提高了玉米开花期至成熟期0~20 cm土壤无机氮含量,并降低成熟期40~100 cm土壤无机氮含量。土壤-作物系统氮素平衡中,N2、N3、N4处理较N1处理显著降低了氮素表观损失量,其中N4处理氮素表观损失量最低。综上所述,在本试验条件下,总施氮量210 kg·hm-2时,20%基肥+30%拔节肥+20%大口肥+20%开花肥+10%灌浆肥为该区域覆膜滴灌条件下氮肥最佳运筹模式。 相似文献
15.
16.
Nematode body size is a trait that could be responsive to environmental changes, such as agricultural management practices, and adopted as a standard trait-based indicator in soil community analysis. Our study investigated how body size in the nematode community responded to fertilization in a double-cropping system with paddy rice and upland wheat. Four fertilizer treatments were examined: an unfertilized control (CK), chemical fertilizer (CF), manure plus chemical fertilizer (MCF) and manure plus straw plus chemical fertilizer (MSCF). The community-weighted mean (CWM) of body size was the trait-based indicator used for nematode community analysis. A trend of increasing body size in fertilized plots was observed for most genera, with a relatively small increase in the size of small-bodied bacterivores and fungivores and a relatively large increase in the size of large-bodied omnivores. Fertilized plots had significantly greater CWM of body size than the CK treatment, although total nematode abundance increased significantly in the MSCF treatment only. Discriminant and multiple regression analyses showed that CWM of body size was positively correlated with the soil organic C, total N, available P and available K concentrations, which responded to fertilizer inputs. In contrast, soil fertility was weakly related to total body size in the wheat phase and the following abundance-based indicators: Margalef's richness index, Shannon's diversity index, summed maturity index (∑MI) and enrichment index (EI) in both phases. Since fertilization resulted in larger body size but no other change in the nematode community (i.e. diversity and abundance were generally unaffected by fertilization), this implies that nematodes have a plastic growth habit that does not necessarily result in greater reproduction or fitness of offspring. We suggest that CWM of body size is a reliable trait-based indicator of the soil nematode community response to fertilization, but this requires further testing across a wider range of fertilized agroecosystems. 相似文献
17.
不同培肥方式对复垦土壤玉米养分吸收及肥料利用率的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为研究不同培肥处理对平朔露天煤矿复垦土壤作物养分含量及肥料利用率的影响,进行了玉米盆栽试验,结果表明:不同培肥处理对玉米植株的N,P,K含量均有提高作用,玉米N,P,K在根、茎、叶器官分配顺序为叶 > 茎 > 根;有机肥、菌肥和配施低浓度化肥处理对玉米N素含量增加最明显,有机肥、菌肥和化肥配施各处理对玉米P和K含量增加最明显,其次对玉米N,P,K含量增加较明显的为有机肥配施菌肥处理,而单施有机肥处理对玉米N,P,K含量增加效果最差;有机肥、菌肥和化肥配施处理对玉米N,P,K肥利用率高于有机肥配施菌肥处理更高于单施有机肥处理,此研究为恢复矿区复垦土壤肥力水平提供理论依据。 相似文献
18.
化肥减施下有机替代对小麦产量和养分吸收利用的影响 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
19.
The objectives were to quantify the dynamics of N exchange between corn root and soil under field conditions and to compute the amount of N-rhizodeposition that is recycled back into corn by maturity. In a previous publication the simulation model NCSWAP/NCSOIL was used to quantify the release of organic-C from corn and its incorporation into soil organic matter. In this publication, results from the same simulations but pertinent to N are presented. The model was calibrated against measured N concentration in corn and soil and 15N enrichment data obtained from a long-term field experiment located near St Paul, MN. Field management included rototillage, the removal of stover-residue and grain and 4 fertilizer N treatments: 200 and 20 Kg N ha−1 added yearly from 1980 to 1992, with 15N added with the fertilizer from 1980 until either 1985 or 1992. The same total amount of 15N was added with the 200 and 20 Kg N ha−1 fertilizer: 4 and 40 15N at.%, respectively. Corn roots released 24% of total N uptake. This loss was mitigated by the recycling of 14% of N-rhizodeposition into corn by maturity. 15N enrichment in corn and soil was higher for the 200 than the 20 Kg N ha−1 treatment. This resulted from the rapid N mineralization-immobilization turnover that channelled N through the inorganic N pool whose 15N enrichment was fixed yearly to that of the fertilizer. Tracer N enrichment decreased more rapidly in corn than in soil from 1986 to 1992 when tracer N was no longer added with the fertilizer, and by 1992, 15N was localized in the stable pool and flushed from the more labile pools. 相似文献
20.
长期有机无机肥配施对冬小麦籽粒产量及氨挥发损失的影响 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11