移动集中力作用下的悬索非线性动力分析

建立了移动集中力作用下悬索的非线性方程．指出了移动集中力对悬索的影响相当于强迫激励．当移动集中力运动速度与悬索横向弹性波速度一致时．系统将发生主共振．通过多尺度法求解．得到了主共振时各阶分叉点．通过效值计算,得到了分叉图．     

集中荷载作用下悬索张力的检测与实验

推导了移动集中荷载作用下悬索的非线性振动方程,用瑞利能量法得到索力与悬索固有频率之间的计算公式,同时用实验的方法测量了悬索索力与自振频率的关系.结果表明:索力不单决定于悬索的固有频率,还与集中荷载大小及其在悬索上的位置有关,采用传统的索力计算公式将产生很大的误差.     

国产人造板宽带砂光机功率谱密度和试验模态分析

以国产B229型四四砂架人造板双面宽带砂光机为研究对象,从易产生横纹缺陷入手,对其砂架部件、整机等分别采用试验模态分析(EMA)及功率谱密度法(PSD)来开展振动动态特性研究。在模态试验中,采取测量点固定、改变激振点的跑点测量方法,得到固定测量点对各激振点频响函数,并应用SISO频响函数识别法,通过频响函数曲线拟合来完成模态参数识别,获到典型的整机、砂架部件的频响函数图和接触辊的二阶振型图。通过PSD分析,获得砂光机的PSD图谱和激励频率等。     

克服架空索道共振现象的有效方法

在工程索道中遇到共振问题,通常的办法是设法使ω.(振动系统的固有角频率)和p(角频率)的距离拉大,但对架空索道,拉大ω.和P的距离十分困难.作者在广东省云浮水泥厂对从法国引进的运输石灰石索道系统进行综合治理的改造设计中.有效地克服了被法方和法方外聘的三批高级专家都称之为"魔绳”的架空索道所遇到的共振同题.具体的做法是通过理论计算证明,使P向ω.靠近.只要能够设法使ω.<ωr(ωr为系统的共振频率).则能够有效地扼制悬索工程(包括索道工程)中的共振问题,作者利用这条索道进行了多种情况的试验,均达到预期的目的.根据这种新的理论和方法,完全可以治理好目前不少索道工程存在的由于振动过大而运行不够正常或运行速度受到限制的问题.     

斜拉索-粘性阻尼器系统动力特性分析的模态坐标法

粘性阻尼器是抑制斜拉桥拉索振动的一种有效方式.设计拉索减振系统的一个关键步骤是确定斜拉桥-粘性阻尼器系统的等效阻尼比,因此提出了一种分析这一问题的模态坐标法.通过准确地选取第一振型的振型函数,只需50阶振型就可得到满意的效果.以一根实桥拉索的设计参数为例,应用本方法考察了各种因素对模态阻尼比的影响.     

林果振动加速度响应振型试验

在林果振动采收过程中,激振能量传递至果实处使其获得加速度形成惯性力,当惯性力大于果柄结合力时果实脱落。针对室内小型林果树,通过激振树干对树枝上的加速度响应进行了试验研究。结果表明:树干、一级侧枝A、两个二级侧枝的加速度与激振频率均成二次曲线增长关系,一级侧枝A的加速度值随着测点远离树干分叉点逐渐增大仅在树枝末梢位置出现衰减;相同的激振频率和测点位置下,一级侧枝B的加速度响应振型与一级侧枝A不同。两个二级侧枝的加速度与测点距树枝分叉点的距离成线性衰减关系。此项研究为深入了解林果树振动响应及振型提供了一定的理论基础。     

基于频率灵敏度分析的木工机床结构动力学修改与重分析方法

针对木工机床的结构与加工特点,将其加工过程中最易发生共振的一阶固有频率作为机床结构参数动力学修改的目标.通过分析质量、刚度和阻尼对该阶固有频率的变化率,确定结构修改的具体位置与参数,并提出了一种对修改后结构振型进行计算的重分析方法--矩阵摄动法.最后以Author503主轴箱支撑架为例,对其结构参数进行动态优化.结果表明用这种方法可使系统该阶固有频率显著提高,振幅明显减小,优化效果显著.     

单索面曲梁人行悬索桥静动力特性分析

单索面曲梁悬索桥属于新型结构体系,其复杂的结构性能研究尚处于初步阶段。本文基于Midas/Civil建立了一双塔单索面外侧悬吊曲线梁桥成桥状态模型,通过对其结构的静动力特性和舒适度分析,研究这种新型结构体系的力学性能和人行舒适度问题。主要结果为:偏载布置下主缆变形在主梁变形中起主导作用,呈现悬索结构的特征;半跨径满载工况控制主梁弯矩及扭矩包络图的形状及极值;中跨主缆索力数值远大边缆,主塔承担较大不平衡力;主塔吊索索力产生突变,呈现斜拉桥拉索特征,其余吊索呈现一般悬索吊索特征。单索面曲梁悬索桥结构展示了复杂的悬索、曲梁及拉吊的组合特征,在特定荷载工况下某一结构特征比较凸显,且结构轻柔的特征易导致特定人流密度下舒适度的问题,应该引起高度重视。     

大跨度悬索静力构形和内力计算方法

建立悬索重力曲线方程的差分形式,给出悬索在自重、索端移动、集中力作用下非线性分析的一种简单的有限差分法迭代模型。与有限元方法不同,本方法不需要悬索初始线形,只需要输入悬索两端坐标、索截面面积、弹性模量、初始张力,可计算悬索在不同状态下的张力和线形,算例表明该方法收敛速度快,精度高。     

缆索吊车悬索系统运动载荷的动力响应

缆索吊车悬索系统在集中运动载荷作用下,将发生一系列参数变异。本文作为动力学研究的第二部分,系统地分析了运动载荷作用下悬索的横向振动特性,推导了动力影响线和索张力动分量的显式数学解。计算结果表明,利用动力影响线来描述实际平稳运动载荷作用下的悬索动力响应,具有相当的可靠度;运动速度的变异对动态振幅和张力影响不大,而集中载荷大小是敏感影响参量。     

频率法测短吊杆索力测量方法的比较分析

以湖南益阳康富南路跨线桥为实例,对其吊杆索力分别采用DASP动态采集分析系统和JMM-268索力动测仪进行测试,从而比较两种频率测量方法用于短吊杆索力测量的优劣。通过实例比较得知,DASP动态采集分析系统更适宜短吊杆索力的测量,其精度比JMM-268索力动测仪高。以弦振动理论为基础的振动频率法是桥梁健康检测中检测索力的一种常用间接方法。由于系杆拱桥的吊杆比较短,且吊杆索力受两端约束条件影响比较大,根据本例实际考虑了短粗拉索的抗弯刚度,采用边界条件为两端铰接拉索的自由振动进行分析,建立由频率识别拉索索力的近似公式。     

Fixed-fixed flexural vibration testing method of beams for timber guardrails

Resonance frequencies of beams with various types of end supports were examined for flexural vibration. Rectangular beams with dimensions of 300 (L) × 25 (R) × 5 or 10mm (T) were used as the test specimens. Various compressing stresses were applied to the parts around both ends of a test beam and flexural vibration tests were conducted. The measured resonance frequency started to increase from the resonance frequency of a beam with simply supported ends and was stable around the resonance frequency of a beam with fixed ends as the compressing stress increased. The stable resonance frequency was lower than the theoretical value because perfect fixation of a beam to a post was difficult. From these results, the temporal change in resonance frequency itself, rather than the stable resonance frequency, is effective to examine whether a beam has enough strength as a guardrail.     

Identification of defect position in a wooden beam from the power spectrum of longitudinal vibration

The inverse solution procedure that enables the identification of the defect position in a beam from the resonance frequency was exploited. Resonance frequency shifts of a power spectrum due to defects in a longitudinally vibrating beam when both ends are free were investigated by both numerical and experimental analysis. Calculation by a transfer matrix method showed that the frequency shift was large when the defect position coincides with a node of vibration and that no shift occurs when it coincides with a loop of vibration. The frequency shift could be approximated by a sinusoidal curve. Calculation results agreed well with those of the experiment in which artificial round holes were drilled as the defect model. Experimental equations predicting the amount of the frequency shift in function of the defect position were obtained. In the inverse procedure, the defect position was determined by comparing the resonance frequencies between the experimental and estimated power spectra so that the coincidence factor S(x) became a minimum. The results showed the validity of the proposed method to identify the defect positions of fewer than two predominant defects.     

受迫振动时木材阻尼参数的研究

本文在振动理论及测试技术的指导下,用共振法测得了木材试样频率响应函数的幅频特性曲线,并用半功率点法求出了受迫振动下木材的阻尼参数。     

Application of the vibration method with additional mass to timber guardrail beams

This study examined whether or not weight, density, and Young’s modulus can be accurately measured by vibration test without weighing beams for timber guardrails. Bending vibration tests with and without the concentrated mass were performed on small clear round bars without the pith of spruce and cedar and on actual size round bars with the pith of cedar for the timber guardrail. The following results were obtained. The vibration method with additional mass could be applied to the round bar as well as the rectangular bar. It is possible that resonance frequency was decreased by the sawn split in the horizontal tapping. It is believed that the free ends condition is easier to realize than the fixed ends condition for cross beams for timber guardrails. The weight of the cross beam for the timber guardrail could be accurately estimated by the vibration method with additional mass under several testing conditions.     

Fixed–fixed flexural vibration testing method of actual-size bars for timber guardrails

Resonance frequencies of bars with various types of end supports were examined in terms of flexural vibration. Sugi (Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) was used for the specimens. Small rectangular bars with dimensions of 25?mm (R)?×?5?mm (T)?×?300?mm (L), small round bars of 25?mm in diameter and 250?mm in length, actual-size rectangular bars with the dimensions of 45?mm (R)?×?95?mm (T)?×?1500?mm (L) and actual-size round bars of 180?mm in diameter and 2000?mm in length were made. Varying compression stress was applied to the parts around both ends of test specimen, whereupon flexural vibration tests were performed. The measured resonance frequency rose rapidly early in the increasing compression load process and was nearly stable for the larger compression load. The significant increases in the resonance frequency for round bars are thought to be derived from the wide area between the round bar and jig. It is necessary to compare the resonance frequency of a bar tightly fixed to a post with that of the same bar loosely fixed to the post.     

用权数区间构建运输方式选择模型

构建运输方式选择模型减少或避免运输方式选择的主观性。根据运输方式的各个单因素评价值的重要程度,构造对应的权数区间,使各因素的权数保持特定的关系,并计算运输方式的综合评价值的变化范围,由综合评价值与权数区间的关联关系获得权数区间决策图和权数关联图,通过检验、调整和固化权数区间,完成模型构建。通过模型来选择运输方式得到最佳的运输方式及对应的权数条件。