抓好"四五"普法为种业健康发展保驾护航

按照农业部和省农委的部署,我站结合种子管理工作的实际,在2001-2005年开展了以贯彻实施<中华人民共和国种子法>(以下简称<种子法>)和<吉林省农作物种子管理条例>(以下简称<种子条例>)为核心的"四五"普法工作.通过"四五"普法,达到了"两个提高",即全面提高了各级种子管理机构领导干部和广大职工的法律素质,全面提高了种子执法工作水平;实现了"两个转变",即由提高种子系统干部职工的法律意识向提高法律素质的转变,由注重依靠行政手段管理向注重运用法律手段管理的转变;加快了"三化进程",即加快了全省种子工作的制度化、法制化、规范化进程.从而,为我省种子产业的健康发展创造了良好的法制环境.     

以"四五"普法为契机为种业发展创造良好的法制环境

按照农业部和吉林省农委的部署，吉林省种子管理总站结合种子管理工作的实际，在2001-2005年期间开展了以贯彻实施《中国人民共和国种子法》（以下简称《种子法》和《吉林省农作物种子管理条例》（以下简称《种子条例》为核心的“四五”普法工作。通过“四五”普法，达到“两个提高”，即全面提高了各级种子管理机构领导干部和广大职工的法律素质，全面提高了种子执法工作水平的目的。     

种子普法工作初步构想

普法工作是种子管理机构的一项重要职责,其涉及的对象应当多元化、全方位,并不仅仅局限于广大农民群众。省农业厅领导归纳总结的"三告"(报告政府、告诫企业、告诉农民)用在普法工作上也非常的贴切,普法的对象包括上级领导,种子选育者、生产者、经营者和使用者,同时也包括不直接参与农业活动的广大公众。普法对象包括上级领导和社会公众,是为了争取理解与支持,便于工作的开展,提升种子管理机构的地位与威望,也为了加大对种子行业的监督。在日常汇     

浅谈种子超市建设

随着<中华人民共和国种子法>(以下简称<种子法>)的出台和实施,种子经营在计划经济条件下由省、市、县级种子公司独家经营、一统天下的局面被打破,多渠道、多部门、多股力量加入种子经营市场的格局正在形成.目前,由零散的种子门市部组成的种子市场已落后于其它生产资料和生活资料市场的建设,已不适应广大农民集中选购种子、对比选购种子的需要,建设种子超市提到了议事日程.     

着力培育"四品" 冷静应对"世贸"

种子企业的"四品"指的是种子企业在种子生产经营、管理活动中所形成的品种、品牌,所体现的品德、品位.这"四品"共同构筑了种子企业的骨架.我国种子企业要想在入世后应对激烈的国际竞争,就必须不断地创新品种、打造品牌、提升品德、提高品位.     

经济法视野下我国转基因种子市场规制探究——以转基因抗虫棉种子商业化为切入点

我国是一个农业大国,经济法制特别是农业经济法制建设在整个法制建设中占有重要地位,种子的制度建设和实施是农业经济法制建设中最重要的组成部分.然而,目前转基因棉花种子市场依然存在体制不完善、制度不健全、运行不顺畅、监管不到位、农民权益保护难落实等问题.通过揭示我国转基因棉花种子市场所存在的诸多问题,考察种子市场法律体系在条款设计、执法体系和普法机制等方面的现实状况和存在的不足,寻找完善我国转基因种子市场规制、保护农民权益的有效路径.以保障种子市场的持续稳定和有序发展.     

做好种子质量纠纷田间现场鉴定之我见

随着种子市场的不断开放,种子质量事故引起的纠纷时有发生,农业部<农作物种子质量纠纷田间现场鉴定办法>(以下简称<鉴定办法>)的出台,为解决质量纠纷提供了法律保障,它标志着我国依法管理种子工作向前迈进了一大步.<鉴定办法>实施以来,我们先后进行了20多次种子质量事故田间现场鉴定,现就这两年来主持和参加这项工作的实践谈一些粗浅的见解.     

贯彻实施《种子法》确保农林业健康发展

《种子法》是我国种子产业史上的第一部法律,是农业、林业法律体系的重要组成部分。它的颁布实施标志着种子行业在依法行政、依法管理方面更加规范、更加成熟,标志着农业、林业在依法治种进程中又向前迈出了重要一步。两年多来,嘉兴市保护和合理利用种质资源,维护品种选     

种子企业经营管理"八忌"

<中华人民共和国种子法>及其配套法规实施以来,我国种业进入快速发展阶段.尤其是加入WTO后,意味着我国种业真正步入经济全球化行列,其比较优势正日益成为全球共享性资源.因此,如果我国的种子企业只满足于种子产业最低端的生产、经营环节的比较优势,其国际竞争力将会日益衰弱.因此,我国种子企业要走向国际种子市场,就必须在经营管理上做到"八忌".     

贵州种子植物"属"的整理研究

以<贵州植物志>1～10卷记录的种子植物"属"为基本资料,通过野外考察、标本核查、相关文献资料查阅增加记录贵州有分布的种子植物"属",再以<中国植物志>中记录的"属"为标准进行核对,首次对贵州分布的种子植物"属"进行整理研究.结果表明:贵州有种子植物1 607个属(裸子植物31个属,被子植物1 576个属),其中引种127个属(裸子植物4个属,被子植物123个属),比<贵州植物志>记录的1 500个属增加了107个属.     

Controlled pollination transfer of a nuclear male-sterile gene from a diploid to a tetraploid watermelon line

Summary A recessive male-sterility (ms) gene was transferred from a diploid to a tetraploid watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai) line through a series of controlled pollinations. Progeny testing and morphological characteristics confirmed the development of tetraploid lines containing the ms gene. The possible use of this gene transfer system in the improvement of tetraploid watermelon cultivars and the use of male-sterile tetraploids in the production of seedless triploid watermelons is discussed.     

Prediction of the Line Value of a Genotype from a Top Cross with a Single Cross Hybrid

With the assumption of biallelism it is shown that differences in line values of genotypes from a random mating population can be predicted by the differences of values in top cross progenies with a heterozygous tester. This prediction is also valid in the case of multiallelism with a constant degree of dominance for each pair of alleles and if the tester is heterozygous for the more “distant” alleles. With an arbitrary tester, the efficiency of the prediction is affected by the proportion of the loci which are heterozygous for the more distant alleles. However, with the assumptions considered on multiallelism, with partial to complete dominance, the correlation between line value and combining ability with the tester is expected to be high for a large range of the repartition ot the loci. A two tester top cross design using highly complementary lines, could also be used.     

Radon anomaly as a possible precursor of a submarine earthquake

In the framework of investigating the ventilation of deep-sea basins in the Indonesian archipelago, ²²²Rn was determined in near bottom water samples. In one of these basins, the Halmahera Basin, excess ²²²Rn concentration and the related standing crop was unexpectedly high. At this station excess Radon has an almost uniform concentration of about 2 dpm·kg⁻¹ up to 120 meters above the bottom. In this paper the possibility is discussed that the high standing crop in this basin is connected with three submarine earthquakes with a magnitude of resp. 4.4, 5.4 and 5.9 mb that took place four days after we took the samples, possibly in combination with submarine faults, which are typical for the Indonesian archipelago. The epicentres were within 100 km from the station. All over the world variations in ²²²Rn concentrations have been observed prior to earthquakes (up to 500 km from the epicentre). This can be regarded as an important non-seismic precursor to earthquakes, but it has to our knowledge never been observed in deep-sea basins.     

Immobilization of heavy metals in a polluted soil of a sewage farm by application of a modified aluminosilicate: a laboratory and numerical displacement study

The efficiency of the modified alumino-silicate “Berengite” to fix heavy metals in contaminated soils was studied using a soil from a former sewage disposal site with high loads of Zn and Cd. The immobilization effects for different additions of Berengite were described on the laboratory scale with the cation exchange capacity and a two component Freundlich sorption isotherm. Long term displacement of Cd and Zn were calculated with a numerical simulation model. The simulation studies show a rather high immobilization of Zn and Cd in the solid phase for the next 80 years. Far more Berengite is required for the fixation of Cd than for Zn.     

Solanum scabrum—a potential source of a coloring plant extract

The objective of this study was to examine the potential of Solanum scabrum to provide a colorant for food. We conducted a field trial with eight accessions from four different sources and recorded both morphological variability and fruit yield differences between accessions. Further, anthocyanin and glucoalkaloid concentrations were determined. The accessions could be assigned to two distinct groups: a leafy vegetable type with toxic fruits used in Africa and a berry type with edible fruits known as Garden Huckleberry in North America, but both types had edible leaves with low glucoalkaloid concentrations. The leafy vegetable type set not much fruit. In contrast, the berry type yielded on average 800–900 g berries per plant with remarkable high anthocyanin concentrations of 8.1–13.9 g kg⁻¹ fresh weight, calculated as petunidin 3-p-(coumaryl-runtinoside)-5-glucoside. Thus, S. scabrum can serve as a source for natural anthocyanin pigments. In particular, two accessions with a high fruit yield were promising candidates as a berry crop. One had the best anthocyanin concentration of the examined material and the other one had a low percentage of unripe berries as a further advantage.     

Economic Impact of a Port on a Regional Economy: Note

ABSTRACT This paper attempts to identify and adjust for several shortcomings of previous port impact studies in the estimation of primary port economic impact. These shortcomings are found to create the potential for both positive and negative bias. Also presented in this paper is a technique for circumventing several practical problems in the estimation of secondary economic impact. These adjustments are applied to estimate the economic impact of the Port of Hampton Roads, Virginia.     

A mutant of a mutant of a mutant of a...: Irradiation of progressive radiation-induced mutants in a mutation-breeding programme with Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram.

Summary Radiation-induced sports in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram. have been reported for several years. It has become an everyday practice to produce flower-colour mutants from outstanding cross-breeding products, even before they are distributed for the commercial production of cut flowers.One of the most successful and recent examples is that of cv. Horim, of which hundreds of mutants were produced by successive use of radiation-induced mutants in the mutation-breeding programme. Over about 4 years a variety of flower-colour mutants was obtained, not only largely including the outstanding characteristics of the original cultivar but sometimes even with an appreciable improvement in quality and yield. It is expected that the latter types, the Miros group, will soon completely supersede the spontaneous or radiation-induced Horim sports and mutants and take over the leading position of the Horim group in the production of all-year-round (AYR) cut flowers.     

The breeding of a winter rye variety with a good eelworm-resistance

Summary Some local varieties of winter rye possess a good eelworm-resistance but have too weak a straw and produce an insufficient quantity of seed on healthy soil or on fields which are slightly infested.On the farm Heertveld, belonging to the C.I.V. Breeding Station, a rye variety has been developed from a cross between Ottersum rye and Petkus winter rye, and it showed a good resistance to the stem eelworm (Ditylenchus dipsaci). The new variety which was included in the Dutch List of Varieties of 1953, distinguished itself by a rapid and good soil coverage and strikingly stiff straw.On investigation by the I.P.O. it was established (after artificial inoculation) that 25% of the plants of Heertveld rye were not affected, 50% were slightly damaged and 25% were heavily attacked. However, in the field it shows a good resistance, due to a good recovery.At the Breeding Station selection for eelworm resistance and also for other desirable features is continued and at present such progress has been made that the Heertveld rye now approaches the production capacity of Petkus.     

Quantitative trait loci for grain yield and yield components in a cross between a six-rowed and a two-rowed barley

Summary The positions of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for yield and yield components were estimated using a 85-point linkage map and phenotype data from a F₁-derived doubled haploid (DH) population of barley. Yield and its components were recorded in two growing seasons. Highly significant QTL effects were found for all traits at several sites in the genome. A major portion of the QTL was found on chromosome 2. The effect of the alleles in locus v on thousand grain weight and kernels per ear explained 70–80% of the genetic variation in the traits. QTL × year interaction was found for grain yield. Several different QTL were found within the two-rowed DH lines compared to those found in the six-rowed DH lines. Epistasis between locus v and several loci for yield and yield components indicates that genes are expressed differently in the two ear types. This may explain the difficulties of selecting high yielding lines from crosses between two-rowed and six-rowed barley.Abbreviations DH doubled haploid - QTL quantitative trait locus/loci - RAPD random amplified polymorphic DNA - RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism - T. Prentice Tystofte Prentice - V. Gold Vogelsanger Gold