白芹生产中的“农机革命”

<正>白芹是江苏省溧阳市特有的传统优质农产品,也是蜚声中外的特色品牌、绿色食品,并于2007年获得中华人民共和国原产地证明商标,受到法律保护。溧阳白芹一直都是采用"水芹旱育"的传统种植方式,其一次深培土软化培植流程费时费工、劳动强度大且用工时间相对集中,实施规模化种植难度很大。在繁重的劳作下,菜农们期盼着白芹种植也能像其他农作物一样实现机械化。为此,技术人员经过无数次尝试,终     

果蔬贮藏加工与质量控制的现状、问题和对策

在广泛调查研究的基础上,根据多年的工作实践,针对我国果蔬贮藏加工产业的发展现状和问题进行探析,以果蔬产业的视角,着重从贮藏加工、标准与质量控制、冷链物流等方面提出了发展果蔬贮藏加工产业的应对策略,以期为我国果蔬贮藏加工产业的快速发展提供有益的参考。     

浅谈我国果品贮藏加工业现状及发展趋势

果品贮藏加工业作为一个新兴产业,在我国农业和农村经济发展中的地位日趋重要,已成为我国的支柱产业。果品贮藏加工业的发展不仅是保证果树种植产业迅速发展的重要环节,而且对于促进果品加工业,乃至农产品加工产业的发展也具有重要意义。综述了对我国果品贮藏加工业的发展历史、现状、存在问题及发展趋势,并对当前应重点研究的关键技术和重点发展的产业领域提出了建议。     

我国北方一作区马铃薯贮藏技术及发展建议

马铃薯贮藏是马铃薯生产的一个及其重要环节,贮藏质量的好坏,关系到马铃薯产业能否健康持续地发展,本文对近年来我国北方一作区马铃薯贮藏技术进行了梳理和总结,根据该生态区的地域特点,结合马铃薯贮藏期间各阶段的生理变化,阐述了温度、湿度、空气成分等影响马铃薯贮藏效果的主要因素及提高贮藏质量的技术要点,提出了贮藏过程中存在的问题和建议,以期为北方一作区马铃薯贮藏技术的研究及其产业发展提供借鉴。     

我国核桃发展现状及贮藏研究概况

我国的核桃产量居世界第一。核桃是我国重点发展的产业之一。介绍了我国核桃产业的发展现状、当前的主要贮藏方式、影响核桃贮藏最重要的关键因素以及国内外的研究概况。     

我国马铃薯贮藏加工产业现状及其发展建议

马铃薯具有产量高和营养丰富的特点,是我国的主要农作物,为保障国家粮食安全发挥了重要作用。本文阐述了我国马铃薯贮藏加工产业发展的现状及其存在的主要问题,提出了完善我国马铃薯贮藏加工产业的建议,为促进该产业的又快又好发展提供参考依据。     

花椒及花椒油(树脂)加工贮藏研究现状

花椒不仅是世界上种植和食用较广泛的香辛料,也是我国传统的常用中药。近年来,我国花椒产业进入高速发展段阶,随着花椒产业的发展,花椒产业存在的问题也越发突显。因此,从花椒、加工贮藏技术及存在的问题进行综述,为花椒产业、加工、贮藏提供一定的科学参考。     

崇明金瓜贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

崇明金瓜是崇明地理标志产品,其营养丰富、色味俱佳,为延长崇明金瓜贮藏保鲜期,更好地促进金瓜采后产业发展,在充分借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,结合研究应用实践,对影响金瓜贮藏保鲜效果的因素进行梳理,对金瓜的传统堆藏、架藏、物理、化学和生物等贮藏保鲜技术和方法进行了比较分析,分析了崇明金瓜贮藏保鲜技术应用及发展前景,为崇明金瓜采后产业发展提供技术借鉴。     

果蔬保鲜制冷技术的应用

随着时代的发展,果蔬低温贮藏保鲜产业已经成为衡量一个社会经济实力、科技水平与人民生活质量的重要标志之一,保鲜技术在我国农业生产领域具有越来越重要的作用。果蔬低温贮藏保鲜产业发展的基础是保鲜设施的建设。在果蔬保鲜工程中采用制冷新技术、新设备是产业发展的必然趋势。制冷技术发展所面临的最重要问题,就是如何实现环保和节能两大发展目标。     

马铃薯贮藏技术研究进展

综述了近年来国内外马铃薯贮藏技术的研究进展,包括国内外马铃薯贮藏设施、抑芽防腐技术、病害防治技术及病害检测技术的现状,并对未来马铃薯保鲜产业的发展进行展望,旨在为马铃薯的贮藏保鲜提供参考借鉴。     

不同处理对龙都早熟柚脱苦效果的研究

用乙醇、醋酸、高温等方法对龙都早熟柚进行鲜果脱苦处理,定期进行生化分析研究。试验结果表明,采用1%醋酸+40℃高温处理12h,脱苦效果非常好。     

中国储粮生态系统研究进展

对我国储粮生态系统研究的主要进展、国家“十五”科技攻关项目“不同储粮生态区域粮食储备配套技术的优化研究与示范”课题的主要内容、我国储粮生态系统研究的展望等做了系统的阐述。尽管我国储粮生态理论研究及其应用情况是初步的,但其研究必然推动我国粮食仓储事业的发展和完善。     

Targeted metabolomics study of ‘Braeburn’ apples during long-term storage

‘Braeburn’ is an apple cultivar susceptible to the occurrence of internal browning (Braeburn Browning Disorder; BBD) during storage. This physiological disorder is characterized by the development of brown spots inside the fruit, eventually resulting in the formation of cavities. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the preharvest application of calcium, potassium and triazole fungicides on the postharvest primary metabolites of ‘Braeburn’ fruit, and to offer a better understanding of the biochemical processes behind internal browning. The primary metabolites of ‘Braeburn’ fruit cortex samples at harvest and after 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 4 months and 8 months of storage at browning-inducing conditions were analyzed using GC–MS. No significant difference in the primary metabolites was observed between the different levels of the applied preharvest applications. Early during storage, fruit developed browning, with the severity increasing with storage duration. This was correlated with a group of primary metabolites that showed either an increase (e.g., alanine, galactose, mannitol, sorbitol, xylose) or a decrease (e.g., malate, sucrose) in concentration with time. Radial distribution of the metabolites in the fruit tissue was also observed; some metabolites (e.g., galactose, mannitol) were higher in concentration in the inner cortex, while the concentrations of other metabolites (e.g., mannose, sucrose) were higher in the outer cortex.     

轴流风机在辅助粮仓机械通风中的作用

轴流风机作为粮仓机械通风的重要设备,主要用途为独立或辅助排放粮层表面和屋顶之间的积热,其使用的合理性和有效性对整体通风降温的效率和均匀性有较大的影响,对节能保粮也具有指导作用.本研究运用计算流体动力学数值模拟的方法,对轴流风机辅助粮仓机械通风操作中的多种使用方案进行了对比研究,定量评估了相应的降温效果.此项研究的方法和结果可为轴流风机设计布局的优化和科学使用提供理论依据.     

壳聚糖涂膜对人参果贮藏保鲜效果的研究

以壳聚糖为主要原料,辅以氯化钙、抗坏血酸和山梨酸钾,形成复合膜,研究其对人参果的贮藏保鲜效果。试验结果表明,复合膜在一定程度上能延缓人参果的腐烂,较好地保持果实的品质。复合膜的最佳配方为质量分数1.20%壳聚糖、2.00%氯化钙、0.30%抗坏血酸和0.30%1梨酸钾,常温下贮藏期可达到40 d左右。贮藏第40天后,质量损失率为4.19%,外部感官综合指数和内部品质综合指数分别为10.07和0.936 2。     

福建地区空调控温储粮试验调研与分析

通过对福建7个储备粮承储企业100座仓廒约38万吨库存粮食进行空调控温储粮试验,初步得出以下结论:①空调控温主要适用于稻谷、玉米、大豆等不耐高温品种;②空调控温常应用于各类平房仓;③同谷物冷却机相比,空调控温具有操作方便、控温持久、安全性高、延缓品质沉降、损耗降低、费用节省等多方面的优点。     

不同施钾量条件下甘薯块根形成的内源激素变化及其与块根数量的关系

In order to explore the changes of endogenous hormones on storage root formation and its relationship with storage root number under different potassium application rates of sweet potato root, sweet potato varieties ‘Yanshu 25’ and ‘Beijing 553’ with significant differences in storage root number were used as experimental materials, potassium oxide (K₂O) was used as fertilizer, and four potassium fertilizer gradients of 0 (K0), 120 (K2), 240 (K3), and 360 kg hm^-2 (K4) were set. The effects of different potassium application rates on the contents of endogenous hormones, the activity of related metabolic enzymes, the number of storage root and root evenness in swelling roots of sweet potato during root formation and harvest stage were studied. Compared with the treatment without potassium fertilizer (K0), the application of potassium fertilizer decreased the enzyme activities of indoleacetic acid oxidase (IAAO) and peroxidase (POD), increased the content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), increased the content of zeatin riboside (ZR) and decreased the content of gibberellins (GA₃). Potassium application enhanced the activity of primary cambium and promoted the differentiation from adventitious root to storage root by regulating the content of endogenous hormones in swelling roots of sweet potato. Compared with the control, the application of potash fertilizer significantly increased the number and weight of storage roots per plant and root yield of ‘Yanshu 25’ and ‘Beijing 553’. The number of storage roots per plant of ‘Yanshu 25’ and ‘Beijing 553’ increased by 3.16%-25.40% and 3.85%-33.11%, respectively, and the yield increased by 4.22%-17.31% and 3.94%-18.45%, respectively. Compared with the potassium application treatments of the two varieties, the K2 treatment had the highest storage roots number per plant, the highest weight and yield of storage roots, with the best root evenness.     

猪骨蛋白酶解物对冷藏大黄鱼肌肉脂质氧化的影响

为抑制冷藏大黄鱼肌肉的脂质氧化劣变,将不同浓度(0、0.5%、1.0%和1.5%)的猪骨蛋白酶解物添加到大黄鱼肌肉中,通过观察和分析4℃冷藏条件下鱼肉感官品质及酸价、过氧化值、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)值的变化情况,研究猪骨蛋白酶解物对冷藏大黄鱼肌肉脂质氧化的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,添加不同浓度猪骨蛋白酶解物的各处理组鱼肉酸价、过氧化值、TBA值均显著降低(P<0.05),鱼肉感官品质显著提高(P<0.05),但不同浓度处理组之间的差异并不显著;0.5%浓度的猪骨蛋白酶解物即可有效抑制冷藏大黄鱼肌肉脂质的初级氧化产物和二级氧化产物的生成,对控制大黄鱼冷藏期间的肌肉脂质氧化具有明显效果。     

我国荔枝出口现状与发展建议

对我国荔枝鲜果出口现状进行了论述,重点介绍了市场、采收贮运、原料基地.提出了促进我国荔枝鲜果出口的相关对策:以龙头企业为依托稳步发展备案基地;重点扶持成组具有机械移动性实用实效特点荔枝冷链贮运规模流动处理线;品牌经营,建立高质量有诚信的国外市场.     

The Effects of Depth and Duration of Burial on Seasonal Germination, Dormancy and Viability of Galium aparine and Bifora radians Seeds

The effects of depth and duration of burial on seasonal germination, primary/secondary dormancy, and viability of Galium aparine and Bifora radians were studied in two experiments. The seeds of both species were buried at different depths with four replications in a split‐plot design in the first experiment. The seeds were exhumed from the field at monthly intervals and germinated under suitable temperature conditions. In the second experiment, the seeds of both species were stored at 20 °C and 50 % relative humidity after harvest. Four replicates of seeds from each species were adjusted for germination tests at monthly intervals. Non‐germinated seeds of either the first or the second experiment were treated with triphenyltetrazolium chloride in order to enhance the viability of seeds at monthly intervals until the end of the experiment. The seeds of G. aparine showed cyclic behaviour in the burial experiment. The germination percentage of B. radians seeds never exceeded 8 % at all depths until 7 months after burial due to primary dormancy. Thereafter, the seeds showed typical cyclic behaviour with modest deviation. In both the species, the depth of burial strongly affected seed viability. In the dry storage conditions, the seeds of G. aparine and B. radians showed a high level of primary dormancy. The percentage viability of seeds declined depending on the duration of storage.